Alle Publikationen
2009
-
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics; Isce (2009): IEEE 13th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, 2009. ISCE '09 ; Kyoto, Japan, 25 - 28 May 2009. 2009 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE). Kyoto, Japan, 5/25/2009 - 5/28/2009. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE
-
(2009): Emotion Theory and Research: Highlights, Unanswered Questions, and Emerging Issues. In: Annual review of psychology 60, S. 1-25. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163539
DOI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2723854 Abstract: Emotion feeling is a phase of neurobiological activity, the key component of emotions and emotion-cognition interactions. Emotion schemas, the most frequently occurring emotion experiences, are dynamic emotion-cognition interactions that may consist of momentary/ situational responding or enduring traits of personality that emerge over developmental time. Emotions play a critical role in the evolution of consciousness and the operations of all mental processes. Types of emotion relate differentially to types or levels of consciousness. Unbridled imagination and the ability for sympathetic regulation of empathy may represent both potential gains and losses from the evolution and ontogeny of emotion processes and consciousness. Unresolved issues include psychology’s neglect of levels of consciousness that are distinct from access or reflective consciousness and use of the term “unconscious mind” as a dumpster for all mental processes that are considered unreportable. The relation of memes and the mirror neuron system to empathy, sympathy, and cultural influences on the development of socioemotional skills are unresolved issues destined to attract future research.
-
(2009): Wer schätzt eigentlich wen?. Kunden als Quelle der Wertschätzung am Arbeitsplatz. In: Wirtschaftspsychologie 11, S. 11-19
-
(2009): Wer schätzt eigentlich wen? Kunden als Quelle der Wertschätzung am Arbeitsplatz. In: Wirtschaftspsychologie 11 (1), S. 11-19
Abstract: Wertschätzung wird als wichtige Ressource am Arbeitsplatz betrachtet (Semmer & Jacobshagen, 2003; Semmer, Jacobshagen & Meier, 2006; Siegrist, 1996). Allerdings ist kaum untersucht, wer Arbeitnehmern Wertschätzung entgegenbringt. Man würde Vorgesetzte und Arbeitskollegen als hauptsächliche Quellen von Wertschätzung vermuten: Beide sind wichtige Quellen sozialer Unterstützung (Beehr, 1995) und beeinflussen das soziale Klima am Arbeitsplatz (Frese & Zapf, 1987). Auch setzen Vorgesetzte Feedback gezielt als Führungsinstrument ein. Ungeklärt ist, ob Kunden eine Quelle für Wertschätzung darstellen, in welcher Form Wertschätzung entgegengebracht wird und für welche Leistung. In einer Interviewstudie wurden 63 Personen zu je zwei Wertschätzungssituationen am Arbeitsplatz befragt. Die Analyse der 125 auswertbaren Situationen nach Quellen, Formen und Ursachen der Wertschätzung ergab, dass die Kunden nach den Vorgesetzten als zweithäufigste Quelle genannt wurden. Kunden ergänzten die von allen Quellen (Vorgesetzte, Kunden, Kollegen) hoch favorisierte Form des mündlichen Lobs durch Präsente und Folgeaufträge. Es wird festgestellt, dass damit Kunden also eine wichtige Ressource und damit eine weitere kostenlose Dienstleistung erbringen.
Keywords: Soziale Anerkennung, Wirtschaftspsychologie -
(2009): Social understanding through direct perception? Yes, by interacting. In: Consciousness and cognition 18 (2). DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2008.10.007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2008.10.007 Abstract: This paper comments on Gallagher's recently published direct perception proposal about social cognition [Gallagher, S. (2008a). Direct perception in the intersubjective context. Consciousness and Cognition, 17(2), 535-543]. I show that direct perception is in danger of being appropriated by the very cognitivist accounts criticised by Gallagher (theory theory and simulation theory). Then I argue that the experiential directness of perception in social situations can be understood only in the context of the role of the interaction process in social cognition. I elaborate on the role of social interaction with a discussion of participatory sense-making to show that direct perception, rather than being a perception enriched by mainly individual capacities, can be best understood as an interactional phenomenon.
-
(2009): Do offensive words harm people?. In: Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 15 (2), S. 81-101. DOI: 10.1037/a0015646
Abstract: The harm thesis-the assumption that words harm people-is a defining feature of sexual harassment, hate speech, verbal abuse, and obscene telephone call (OTC) offenses. This thesis ignores the possibility that swearing can be advantageous, cathartic, or an acceptable substitute for physical aggression. Observational data, courtroom evidence and verbal abuse research reviewed here produce conflicting conclusions on the question of harm. The best evidence of harm resides in harassment and OTC studies, but verbal abuse research is indeterminate because of flawed research methodology. Public swearing research reveals that swearing is a common conversational practice resulting in no obvious harm. "Common sense" (folk psychology) views of swearing are mistaken and inadequate for some decisions regarding harm. Meanwhile, efforts to restrict speech in media and instructional settings continue, despite the lack of a convincing need to do so. Harm from offensive speech is contextually determined; therefore attempts to restrict speech on a universal basis are misguided. Psychologists' research needs to be informed by public policy and courtroom practices, and public policy and litigation need to be better informed by psychologists' research.
-
(2009): Media, affect, concession, and agreement in negotiation. IM versus telephone. In: Decision Support Systems 46 (3), S. 673-684. DOI: 10.1016/j.dss.2008.10.007
Abstract: The communication of affect, the exchange of offers, and the goal of reaching agreement are factors that play key roles in negotiation processes. Although instant messaging (IM) and phone are used for these processes, not much is known about how they influence these key factors. The present study is focused on this issue. By examining natural communication between negotiators who use these media, we find that computer mediation reduces both the amount of affect communicated and concession, which in turn decreases the likelihood of agreement. We also find that the efficacy of affect communicated is significantly reduced by computer mediation. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Keywords: Art des Kommunikationsmediums, breach of social interaction, computervermittelte Kommunikation, Disziplin, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Instant Massaging, Mediationstheorie, Medienwissenschaft, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Philosophie, Realtechnik, Reflexionen über MTR, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Technik, Technikphilosophie, Telefonieren, (Theory of) technological mediation, Übermitteln von Gefühlen/Emotionen, Verhandlungen -
(2009): Empathy and social desirability. A comparison of delinquent and non-delinquent participants using direct and indirect measures. In: Psychology, Crime & Law 15 (1), S. 1-17. DOI: 10.1080/10683160802010640
Abstract: Investigated empathy and social desirability in delinquent and nondelinquent participants using direct and indirect measures. 60 delinquent males (aged 16 to 60 years) from 6 penal institutions and 50 nondelinquent males (aged 18 to 56 years) performed a single-target implicit association test (ST-IAT) as an indirect measure of empathy and completed a direct, self-report measure of empathy as well as a questionnaire assessing social desirability. As expected, delinquency was associated with lower scores on the ST-IAT. Delinquent individuals thus showed a less positive attitude toward empathy than nondelinquent controls. However, the expected relationship between delinquency and empathy was not found based on the self-report measure of empathy. Indeed, delinquent participants showed a higher level of cognitive concern than nondelinquent participants and this difference was not completely explained by differences in social desirability. Correlations between direct and indirect measures of empathy varied across groups. In closing, the findings are discussed with respect to the effects of incarceration.
Keywords: Kriminologie, Soziale Erwünschtheit -
(2009): Die Rolle positiver Emotionen in der frühen Sozialisation. In: Psychotherapeut 54 (2), S. 101-110. DOI: 10.1007/s00278-009-0652-z
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-009-0652-z Abstract: Emotions are vital characteristics of the evolved human nature. Expression and function of emotions, however, vary substantially depending on socio-cultural contexts. This paper focuses on two strategies concerning the expression of positive emotionality in early mother-child interactions. Western middle class families emphasize the expression of positive emotions in early social interactions from early infancy. Positive emotionality is associated with personal autonomy and individual uniqueness. In traditional farmer families in the non-western world emotional control is emphasized from birth. Emotional inexpressiveness is part of a socialization strategy that is oriented towards hierarchical relatedness. The early socialization experiences have measurable effects on emotion regulation of 1-year-old children. The confrontation of different cultural models in multicultural societies is inherently fraught with confliction. These implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Databa se Recor d (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 7
-
(2009) : Konventionen, Regeln, Normen In: Konopka, Marek; Strecker, Bruno (Hg.): Deutsche Grammatik - Regeln, Normen, Sprachgebrauch: Berlin; New York: De Gruyter, S. 9-22
-
(2009): Will the Real Moral Judgment Please Stand Up?. In: Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 12 (1), S. 77-96. DOI: 10.1007/s10677-008-9136-4
Abstract: The recent, influential Social Intuitionist Model of moral judgment (Haidt, Psychological Review 108, 814-834, 2001) proposes a primary role for fast, automatic and affectively charged moral intuitions in the formation of moral judgments. Haidt's research challenges our normative conception of ourselves as agents capable of grasping and responding to reasons. We argue that there can be no 'real' moral judgments in the absence of a capacity for reflective shaping and endorsement of moral judgments. However, we suggest that the empirical literature indicates a complex interplay between automatic and deliberative mental processes in moral judgment formation, with the latter constraining the expression and influence of moral intuitions. We therefore conclude that the psychological literature supports a normative conception of agency.
Keywords: ASPERGER-SYNDROME, ATTITUDES, Automatic processing, AUTOMATICITY, BEHAVIOR, Empathy, Ethik, IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TEST, INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES, Meta-ethics, Moral, Moral agency, Moral intuitions, Moral judgment, Moralphilosophie, Motivation, PREJUDICE, Psychologie, Reason-responding, Reason-tracking, STEREOTYPE ACTIVATION -
(2009): Re-embodiment of Honeybee Aggregation Behavior in an Artificial Micro-Robotic System. In: Adaptive Behavior 17 (3), S. 237-259. DOI: 10.1177/1059712309104966
-
(2009): Universal design of robot management system for daily-life-supporting robots. 18 - 21 Aug. 2009, Fukuoka International Congress Center, Fukuoka City, Japan ; ICROS-SICE international joint conference 2009 ; proceedings. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE (ICCAS-SICE). Online verfügbar unter http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=5305883
Abstract: In order to cope with many problems of everyday activities which requires robots to accomplish complex yet routine tasks in changing environments, this study focuses on universality and proposes seven principles of universal design with robots. These principles are used to design a robot management system that manages and controls information-structured environment with robots, ambient intelligent systems, and everyday objects. A particular scenario is considered to verify the feasibility of the proposed design method.
-
(2009): Cross-cultural variation of speech-accompanying gesture. A review. In: Language and Cognitive Processes 24 (2), S. 145-167. DOI: 10.1080/01690960802586188
Abstract: This article reviews the literature on cross-cultural variation of gestures. Four factors governing the variation were identified. The first factor is the culture-specific convention for form-meaning associations. This factor is involved in well-known cross-cultural differences in emblem gestures (e.g., the OK-sign), as well as pointing gestures. The second factor is culture-specific spatial cognition. Representational gestures (i.e., iconic and deictic gestures) that express spatial contents or metaphorically express temporal concepts differ across cultures, reflecting the cognitive differences in how direction, relative location and different axes in space are conceptualised and processed. The third factor is linguistic differences. Languages have different lexical and syntactic resources to express spatial information. This linguistic difference is reflected in how gestures express spatial information. The fourth factor is culture-specific gestural pragmatics, namely the principles under which gesture is used in communication. The culture-specificity in politeness of gesture use, the role of nodding in conversation, and the use of gesture space are discussed.
Keywords: culture specificity, Deictische Gesten, Emblem-Gesten, Gesten, Gestik/Mimik, Ikonische Gesten, Kultur, Kulturspezifische Gestik, kulturspezifische Konventionen zur Konzeptualisierung von Ortsangaben, Distanzen etc., Kulturspezische Angemessenheitswahrnehmung von Nicken in einer Konversation, Nicken, OK-Zeichen, Psychologie, Status / biologische Marker, Überblick, Übersicht, Zeigegesten -
(2009): The effects of degree of acquaintance, plate size, and sharing on food intake. In: Appetite 52 (3), S. 595-602. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.02.004
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19501755 Abstract: This study examined the effects of degree of acquaintance, plate size, and sharing on the amount of pasta individuals served themselves and subsequently consumed and whether or not they took second helpings. Fifty-seven pairs of female participants ate a meal of pasta; the members of each pair were either friends or strangers. During the meal, they served themselves either from a common serving bowl or from individual serving bowls and onto either small or large plates. The findings indicated that participants who ate with a friend served and consumed more than those who ate with a stranger, and those who shared served and consumed less than those who did not share. However, this sharing effect seemed to occur only when participants ate from small plates. Whether or not participants reported taking second helpings was influenced by all three of the independent variables.
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Bekanntheitsgrad, Cross-Over Studies, Cues, degree of acquaintance, Disziplin, Eating/psychology, Energy Intake, entscheiden, essen, Feeding Behavior/psychology, Female, Humans, Interpersonale Wahrnehmung, Psychologie, Social Behavior, Social Environment, Social Facilitation, Surveys and Questionnaires, SV, Verhalten, Visual Perception, Young Adult -
Konopka, Marek; Strecker, Bruno (Hg.) (2009): Deutsche Grammatik - Regeln, Normen, Sprachgebrauch. Berlin; New York: De Gruyter
Abstract: Main description: Die Sorge um die deutsche Sprache füllt Säle. Wer Sprachdummheiten anmahnt, kann sich des Beifalls jener sicher sein, die sich sprachlich überlegen sehen. Selten wird die Frage gestellt, welchen Status grammatische Regeln haben. Tatsächlich ist keineswegs klar, was als korrektes Deutsch gelten kann. Wie ist das Deutsche zu fassen? Wer bestimmt, was als korrekt gelten soll? Die 44. Jahrestagung des Instituts für Deutsche Sprache suchte zur Klärung solcher Probleme beizutragen und wählte als Thema die deutsche Grammatik im Spannungsfeld von Regel, Norm und Sprachgebrauch. Main description: Concern for the German language will always attract large audiences. Whoever claims that language is going to the dogs can be sure of the approbation of those who see themselves as linguistically superior. However, the status of grammatical rules is seldom questioned. It is in fact by no means clear what can be seen as correct German. How is ‘German’ to be understood? Who determines what should be regarded as correct? The 44th Annual Conference of the Institut für Deutsche Sprache [German Language Research Institute] endeavoured to help clarify questions such as these, and took as its topic German grammar in the tension between rules, standards and language usage. Biographical note: Marek Konopka,Institut für Deutsche Sprache in Mannheim; Bruno Strecker, Institut für Deutsche Sprache in Mannheim undUniversität Augsburg.
-
(2009) : Kompetenz-, Kommunikations- und Problemlösetraining In: Hautzinger, Martin; Pauli, Paul (Hg.): Psychotherapeutische Methoden: Göttingen: Hogrefe, S. 459-519
Abstract: In einem Literaturüberblick werden Kompetenztrainings, Kommunikationstrainings und Problemlösetrainings, die inzwischen zu den Standardverfahren der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie gerechnet werden können, besprochen. Zunächst wird auf soziale Kompetenztrainings eingegangen. Es wird geklärt, was soziale Kompetenz ist, typische Bausteine solcher Trainings (Diskriminationstraining, Verhaltensübungen und Rollenspiele) werden geschildert, ausgewählte Beispiele sozialer Kompetenztrainings (Assertiveness-Trainings-Programm, das Gruppenprogramm Sozialer Kompetenzen) werden dargestellt, und es wird auf Anwendungsbereiche solcher Trainings verwiesen. Dann werden Kommunikationstrainings beschrieben. Thematisiert werden dabei die Bausteine eines Kommunikationstrainings mit einem Paar (Sprecherfertigkeiten, Zuhörerfertigkeiten), der Ablauf eines solchen Trainings (Vermittlung eines Rationals, Training der Kommunikation) und das Therapeutenverhalten. In der folgenden Darstellung von Problemlösetrainings wird auf folgende Punkte eingegangen: Vorbereitung des Problemlösetrainings; Struktur des Problemlöseprozesses (Problem- und Zieldefinition, Entwicklung und Bewertung von Lösungsmöglichkeiten, Entscheidung über die besten Lösungsmöglichkeiten, Planung und Umsetzung der besten Lösungsmöglichkeiten, Rückblick und Bewertung der Lösungsversuche, Grenzen des Problemlösetrainings. Abschließend werden Anwendungsbereiche und die Wirksamkeit von Kommunikations- und Problemlösetrainings thematisiert. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Einsatz solcher Trainings bei Beziehungsstörungen, Schizophrenie, affektiven Störungen und Angststörungen.
Keywords: Affective Disorders, Affektive Störungen, Angststörungen, Anxiety Disorders, Assertiveness Training, Behavior modification, Behavior Therapy & Behavior Modification, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, cognitive behavioral social skills trainings & communication skills trainings & problem-solving trainings, Cognitive Therapy, communication skills, Communication Skills Training, Indication (Therapy), Indikation, klinische Psychologie, Kognitive Therapie, Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie, Kommunikationsfertigkeiten, Kommunikationstraining, Lernen von Fertigkeiten, Marital Relations, Partnerbeziehungen, Problem Solving, Problemlösen, Psychotherapie, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenie, Selbstsicherheitstraining, Skill Learning, Social Skills, Social Skills Training, Soziale Fertigkeiten, Soziales Kompetenztraining, theoretical background & intervention strategies & typical examples & application fields & effectiveness, Therapieergebnisse, Training sozialer Fertigkeiten, Treatment Outcomes, Überblick, Verhaltensmodifikation, Verhaltenstherapie und Verhaltensmodifikation -
(2009): The focusing and informational effects of norms on pro-social behavior. In: Journal of Economic Psychology 30 (3), S. 307-320. DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2008.11.005
Abstract: Investigated the focusing and informational effects of norms on prosocial behavior. 210 university students were paired into 2-person groups and presented a binary choice task, in which they could behave either selfishly or with a social-equity orientation. Focusing and informational influences were tested separately; the focusing condition required subjects to think about what others do, or what others say one should do in particular situations, whereas the informational condition presented subjects with the actions of others in the same situations. The results provided evidence for both focusing and informational influences of norms on prosocial behavior. In general, either thinking about or observing the behavior of others caused subjects to display more prosocial behavior, even when they did not expect or observe prosocial behavior in others. Since the experiment controlled for strategic influences, the findings reveal a direct impact of norms on behavior. Implications for the future development of a more comprehensive theoretical model of norms are considered.
-
(2009): Determining the relative importance of critical factors in delivering service quality of banks. In: Managing Service Quality: An International Journal 19 (2), S. 211-228. DOI: 10.1108/09604520910943198
Abstract: Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to determine the critical factors to accessing the level of service quality of banks by re-examining the SERVQUAL model, originally pioneered by Parasuraman. Further, the technique of dominance analysis is used to measure the relative importance of each critical factor in closing up overall service quality gap of banks. Design/methodology/approach - The sample consists of 308 bank customers from different parts of Malaysia. The data were collected by using a structured questionnaire, which consists of three parts. Part 1 deals with consumers' usage of banking channels and their banking behavior. Part 2 contains 26 statements related to service quality dimensions based on past literatures. Finally, Part 3 contains the questions related to the socio-demographic profiles of respondents. Findings - The modified SERVQUAL model consists of four critical factors (dimensions) as detected by factor analysis. They are: tangibility, reliability, competence and convenience. The results reveal that there are significant differences between the respondents' expectation and their perceptions. Among the four dimensions tested, tangibility has the smallest gap whereas convenience has the largest gap. The application of dominance analysis indicates that competence and convenience together can help to reduce the SERVQUAL gap as much as 76 per cent. The banking sector needs to become more competent by being more responsive and fulfilling the assurance of the customers and providing the banking facilities more conveniently. Originality/value - The paper shows that hardly any work has been conducted which applies the dominance analysis approach in SERVQUAL dimensions to determine the relative importance of the critical factors in closing the overall service quality gap. Measuring the relative importance of service quality dimensions consistently will provide insights to the banks as to what areas need to be emphasized in order to retain their customers and attract new ones. It provides the guidelines for the banks to develop proper strategies and react faster to the changes of customers' banking behavior.
-
(2009): Unconditional respect for persons and the prediction of intergroup action tendencies. In: European Journal of Social Psychology 39 (5), S. 666-683. DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.564
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.564 Abstract: Unconditional respect for persons is an orientation that rests on the assumption that all people have intrinsic worth and deserve respect simply by their being human. This paper reports three cross‐sectional studies concerning unconditional respect in intergroup relations in three very different contexts. In all three studies, unconditional respect was positively related to positive action tendencies, and negatively related to negative action tendencies, toward other groups. Regression analyses showed that respect was a significant predictor of negative action tendencies even when attitude to the other group, social dominance orientation, empathy, and the quality and quantity of intergroup contact were statistically controlled. Moderation analyses showed that respect was particularly important under conditions of high threat. The implications of unconditional respect for intergroup relations are discussed.
-
(2009): Geschichte versus Genealogie. Warum die Debatte um sozialwissenschaftliche Reflexivitat die Ethnomethodologie vergass. In: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research (Online Journal) 10 (3)
Abstract: This paper addresses the almost complete disappearance of ethnomethodological approaches from the reflexivity debate in social-scientific theory and methodology since the 1980s. This disappearance is remarkable because many of the tropes and questions characterizing the debate around reflexivity had already been articulated in ethnomethodology. The main reason for this neglect, it is argued, is the productive effect it had, as it helped later debates find answers to the epistemological challenge of postmodern approaches entering sociological discourse from the direction of anthropology and science and technology studies. Those answers could never have stabilized in the presence of the fundamental ethnomethodological presupposition that reflexivity is an ontological feature of social reality. The paper ends with a number of suggestions concerning a revision of reflexivity in the social sciences, highlighting the performative aspects of social meaning, especially social-scientific meaning. Es wird die Frage nach den Grunden fur das offensichtliche Vergessen ethnomethodologischer Diskussionen in der Debatte um Reflexivitat in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Theorie und Methodologie seit den 1980er Jahren gestellt. Dieses Vergessen ist deswegen erstaunlich, da in der Ethnomethodologie viele der spater aufkommenden Fragen bereits formuliert und diskutiert worden waren. Das Hauptargument lautet, dass dieses Vergessen einen epistemisch produktiven Effekt hatte, weil es spateren Diskursen ermoglichte, Antworten auf die epistemologische Herausforderung durch postmoderne Argumentationsfiguren zu finden, die hauptsachlich aus der Anthropologie Eingang in den sozialwissenschaftlichen Diskurs fanden. Ware die fundamentale ethnomethodologische Argumentationsfigur, dass Reflexivitat ein ontologisches Merkmal sozialer Realitat ist, berucksichtigt worden, hatten sich jene Antworten nicht stabilisieren konnen. Abschliessend werden Vorschlage zu einer Neubestimmung von Reflexivitat in den Sozialwissenschaften gemacht, die die performativen Aspekte sozialen Sinns - auch sozialwissenschaftlichen Sinns - berucksichtigt. zitiert von 2
-
Lee, John; Friedman, Adam M.; Lee, John (Ed); Friedman, Adam M. (Ed) (Hg.) (2009): Research on technology in social studies education. Charlotte, NC, US: IAP Information Age Publishing
Abstract: Despite technology's presence in virtually every public school, its documented familiarity and use by youth outside of school, and the wealth of resources it provides for teaching social studies, there has been relatively little empirical research on its effectiveness for the teaching and learning of social studies. In an effort to begin to fill this gap in research literature, this book focuses on research on technology in social studies education. The objectives of this volume are threefold: to describe research frameworks, provide examples …
-
(2009): Der Kampf um die Kultur. Zur Ent- und Re-Soziologisierung eines ethnologischen Konzepts. In: Soziale Welt 60 (3), S. 305-324
Abstract: Anthropology and sociology are both challenged by globalization. Supposedly self-sustaining peoples are rapidly disappearing, and attempts to conceptualize "society" within the parameters of the nation-state have proven themselves unfeasible. It is time to (re)consider the two disciplines that both took shape in the nineteenth century. Can "culture" still serve as a bridge concept? Sociologists like Andreas Reckwitz have argued in favor of a discourse- and practice-oriented conception of culture, one, however, that entails difficulties of its own, as it leads to the complete culturalization of the social. Anthropologists such as Adam Kuper or Chris Hann, on the other hand, believe the concept of culture to be so reified, diffuse and blind to power relations that they would rather abandon it completely, or "sociologize" it by a more precise delineation of the symbolic codes and social practices to which it is intended to refer. The present contribution tends to side with the scepticists. From this perspective it retraces the most significant milestones of "desociologization" the classical anthropological concept of culture. Finally, it presents more recent anthropological approaches that reconceptualize culture as an arena crosscut by power relations, in which culture is the object of negotiation. (author's abstract) Sowohl Ethnologie wie Soziologie werden durch die Globalisierung herausgefordert. Die vermeintlich abgeschlossenen fremden "Volker" verschwinden; "Gesellschaft" nationalstaatlich zu konzipieren, wird immer unplausibler. Eine (Wieder-)Annaherung der beiden im neunzehnten Jahrhundert ausdifferenzierten Facher tut Not. Taugt "Kultur" dafur als Bruckenbegriff? Soziologen wie Andreas Reckwitz werben fur eine praxis- oder diskurstheoretische Reformulierung des Kulturkonzepts, tragen dabei aber auch zu einer problematischen, weil zu umfassenden "Kulturalisierung" des Sozialen bei. Dagegen halten Ethnologen wie Adam Kuper oder Chris Hann den Kulturbegriff fur so unrettbar reifiziert, diffus und machtblind, dass sie ihn lieber abschaffen oder doch umfassend "soziologisieren" und durch eine prazisere Benennung der jeweils gemeinten symbolischen Codes oder sozialen Praktiken ersetzen wollen. Der vorliegende Artikel schliesst sich eher den Skeptikern an und zeichnet aus dieser Perspektive die wichtigsten Stationen der "Entsoziologisierung" des klassischen ethnologischen Kulturbegriffs und die neuere Kritik in der Ethnologie sowie Ansatze nach, Kultur als Arena von machtformigen Aushandlungsprozessen zu begreifen. (Autorenreferat) zitiert von 21
-
(2009): Kriegslandschaft. In: Gestalt Theory 31, S. 253-262
-
(2009): The Landscape of War. In: Art in Translation 1 (2), S. 199-209. DOI: 10.2752/175613109X462672