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2004
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(2004): Was ist machiavellische Intelligenz? Betrachtungen über eine wenig beachtete Seite unserer Psyche. In: Der Nervenarzt 75 (1), S. 1-5. DOI: 10.1007/s00115-003-1543-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-003-1543-0 Abstract: Aus ethologischer und evolutionspsychologischer Forschung geht immer deutlicher hervor, dass Intelligenz keine monolithische Funktionseinheit ist, sondern eine Reihe von Spezialfunktionen zur Lebensbewältigung umfasst, welche zum Teil sogar unterschiedliche evolutionäre Wurzeln aufweisen. Eine dieser Unterformen wird in Anlehnung an den italienischen Politiker und Schriftsteller aus dem 15. bzw. 16. Jahrhundert, Niccolo Machiavelli, "machiavellische Intelligenz" genannt. Sie ermöglicht soziale Manipulation im Dienste egoistischer Zielerreichung. Damit wird sie zur fassbaren psychologischen Grundlage der Machtausübung in sozialen Verbänden. Machiavellische Intelligenz kann sowohl bei höheren Primaten wie auch beim Menschen beobachtet und evaluiert, bei letzterem sogar gemessen werden.
Keywords: concept of Machiavellian intelligence, evidence from ethological & evolutionary psychological research, Evolution, Evolutionary Psychology, Evolutionspsychologie, Individual Differences, Individuelle Unterschiede, Intelligence, Intelligenz, Interpersonal Influences, Interpersonale Einflüsse, Machiavellianism, Machiavellismus, Macht, Personality Traits & Processes, Persönlichkeitseigenschaften und Persönlichkeitsprozesse, Persuasive Communication, Persuasive Kommunikation, POWER, social manipulation skills & egotism & power in social groups, Soziale Intelligenz 1997
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(1997) : The modularity of social intelligence In: Whiten, Andrew; Byrne, Richard W. (Hg.): Machiavellian intelligence II. Extensions and evaluations: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, S. 264-288
Abstract: Argues that the social intelligence hypothesis, while stimulating and exciting, is vague and imprecise, and that some of its propositions are empirically empty and should be dropped. A "modular" version of the social intelligence hypothesis is proposed, which offers a specific theory about the mechanisms of social intelligence. Assumptions of this hypothesis are discussed in detail and an example of an experimental test of the resulting predictions illustrates that the hypothesis produces testable predictions and can explain apparently contradictory data previously considered irrational. It is argued that the investigation of social intelligence should be driven by theory and empirically tested and that the modular version outlined offers a starting point.
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(1997) : Social intelligence and success. Don't be too clever in order to be smart In: Whiten, Andrew; Byrne, Richard W. (Hg.): Machiavellian intelligence II. Extensions and evaluations: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, S. 86-111
Abstract: Reviews research into the success and failure of behaviors in achieving social goals and argues that social and ultimately reproductive success is mainly determined by the consequences of a behavior rather than the cognitive complexity underlying it. The importance and difficulty of learning social metarules once the procedural rules of social interaction behavior (e.g., how to lie) have been mastered is discussed and is considered to be a major force driving social intelligence. A review of empirical research into children's social success illustrates the points made and shows the diversity of children's behavioral repertoire. The need for more data, for a measure of the cognitive complexity of behavior and solutions, and for an integrative functional theory is stressed.
Keywords: Achievement, Childhood Development, Cognitive Complexity, consequences vs complexity of behavior as determinant of social success or failure, Deception, Entwicklung in der Kindheit, Failure, Intelligence, Intelligenz, Kognitionswissenschaften, Kognitive Komplexität, Leistung (Fähigkeit), overview & theoretical study, Machiavellianism, Pädagogische Psychologie, Machiavellismus, Psychosocial & Personality Development, Misserfolg, Psychosocial Development, Psychosoziale Entwicklung, Psychosoziale Entwicklung und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung, Review, Social Behavior, social intelligence & procedural rules vs metarules & hidden motives & trust & social success in children & children's behavioral repertoire, Social Perception & Cognition, Soziale Intelligenz, Soziale Wahrnehmung und soziale Kognition, soziales Verhalten, Täuschen, Verhaltensforschung
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