Alle Publikationen
2008
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(2008): Questions of context in studies of talk and interaction—Ethnomethodology and conversation analysis. In: Journal of Pragmatics 40 (5), S. 823-826. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2007.10.009
Abstract: The questions dealt with in this special issue of Journal of Pragmatics are doubly vexed. The first matter at issue is that the papers I have solicited take on some aspects of the debate within, and between, ethnomethodology (EM) and conversation analysis (CA)–and, by extension, wider approaches to discourse analysis and perhaps even pragmatics as a whole–as to whether and, if so to what extent, contextual particulars are relevant to the analyst's task in hand; therefore specifying, to some degree, what that task actually is. zitiert von 20
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(2008) : Der Hofmann im 18. Jahrhundert: Höflichkeit versus Augensprache In: Kimmich, Dorothee; Matzat, Wolfgang (Hg.): Der gepflegte Umgang: Interkulturelle Aspekte der Höflichkeit in Literatur und Sprache: Bielefeld, Germany: Transcript Verlag, S. 33-48
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(2008): A Computational Approach to Etiquette: Operationalizing Brown and Levinson's Politeness Model. In: IEEE Intelligent Systems 23 (4), S. 28-35Keywords: doppelter Treffer, Etikette, Etikette-Engine, Favoriten, FTA Face Threatening Acts, Höflichkeit, Human-Computer Etiquette, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Mensch-Technische Systeme, Miller, Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Realtechnik, Sozial Intelligente Agenten, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Robotik, Soziosensitive Systeme, Sprachgebrauch, Status / biologische Marker, Technik, Volltreffer
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(2008): A Computational Approach to Etiquette: Operationalizing Brown and Levinson's Politeness Model. In: IEEE Intelligent Systems 23 (4), S. 28-35. DOI: 10.1109/MIS.2008.55
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MIS.2008.55 Abstract: A central source of cultural differences is the communication of politeness, which can powerfully affect perception and behavior. Our computational adaptation of a universal theory of human politeness (from Brown and Levinson, 1987) combines culture-specific aspects of social context to generate expectations, score, interpret and recommend polite and impolite behaviors. Tests show this approach could reduce software development costs and increase an intelligent agent's behavior repertoire through the incorporation of modular, cross-cultural etiquette libraries.
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(2008): The difference between punishments and rewards in fostering moral concerns in social decision making. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 44 (6), S. 1436-1443. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2008.06.004
Abstract: In social decision making, punishing non-cooperation and rewarding cooperation may not only affect cooperation because of instrumental reasons. They may also evoke moral concerns regarding cooperation as they signal that cooperation is socially approved of and non-cooperation socially disapproved of. I argue that punishments do this to a greater extent than rewards as punishments communicate an obligatory rule and rewards communicate a voluntary rule. Indeed, the first experiment shows that, in a social dilemma, the concept of punishment increased cooperation and the concept of a reward did not. The second experiment showed that participants showed more disapproval towards an offender when there was a punishment for non-compliance than when there was a reward for compliance. These findings suggest that punishing non-cooperation more strongly foster moral concerns regarding cooperation than rewarding cooperation. Possible implications for internalizations are discussed. zitiert von: 69
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(2008): Exploring the Limits of Social Cognitive Theory: Why Negatively Reinforced Behaviors on TV May Be Modeled Anyway. In: Journal of Communication 58 (3), S. 407-427. DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00392.x
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(2008): Triune ethics: The neurobiological roots of our multiple moralities. In: New Ideas in Psychology 26 (1), S. 95-119
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(2008) : Can I be of assistance? The intelligence behind an assistive robot: 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation: 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation: Pasadena, CA, USA: IEEE, S. 3564-3569
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2008.4543756 Abstract: The social interaction, guidance and support that a socially assistive robot can provide a person can be very beneficial to patient-centered care. However, there are a number of conundrums that must be addressed in designing such a robot. This work addresses two main limitations in the development of intelligent task-driven socially assistive robots: (i) recognition and identification of human gesticulation as a source of determining the affective state of a person, and (ii) robotic control architecture design and implementation with explicit social and assistive task functionalities. In this paper, the development of a unique task-driven robotic system capable of quantitatively interpreting human body language and in turn, effectively responding via task-driven behavior during assistive social interaction is presented. In particular, a novel gesture identification and classification technique is proposed capable of interpreting human gestures as semantically meaningful commands for inputs into a multi-layer decision making control architecture. The learning-based control architecture is then utilized to determine the effective and appropriate assistive behavior of the robot.
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(2008): Agreeableness is related to social-cognitive, but not social-perceptual, theory of mind. In: European Journal of Personality 22 (4), S. 323-335. DOI: 10.1002/per.672
Abstract: We hypothesise on a number of grounds that the personality dimension of Agreeableness may be associated with inter-individual differences in theory of mind (ToM) functioning. However it is important to distinguish social-perceptual from social-cognitive ToM. Previous findings on ToM in psychopathic individuals, sex differences in ToM and the associations between ToM and social relationships, all suggest that social-cognitive ToM is more likely than social-perceptual ToM to relate to Agreeableness. In separate empirical studies, we find that Agreeableness is substantially correlated with social-cognitive ToM performance, but uncorrelated with social-perceptual ToM performance. We suggest that the propensity or motivation to attend to the mental states of others may be central to the personality dimension of Agreeableness.
Keywords: theory of mind -
(2008): Behind the Blue Wall of Silence. In: Men and Masculinities 12 (2), S. 250-257. DOI: 10.1177/1097184X09334700
Abstract: Much has been reported in the media and depicted in the popular culture that purports to describe the so-called "Blue Wall of Silence," a phenomenon that suggests that the police engage in a pervasive pattern of deception and withholding of the truth in ritual cover-up for their brethren. This writing suggests that there exists within the subculture of policing an idiosyncratic construct of masculinity that privileges tacit conspiracies of silence. This cult of masculinity validates normative heterosexuality, hierarchical regimentation, homosocial bonding, homophobia, and paternalistic misogyny. Silences are maintained, supported, and endorsed in a reflexive and unspoken means of obstructing evaluation of officer conduct by interlopers who (the subculture suggests) have little appreciation for or understanding of the danger, adversity, and peril that consume the working lives of the police. The essay attempts to articulate the underlying aspects of this idiosyncratic subculture that countenance bonding and subsequent silences.
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(2008): Determinants of prosocial behavior. Moral prototypes, social norms and prosocial video games. Aachen: Shaker (Berichte aus der Psychologie)
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Biel, Anders; Eek, Daniel; Gärling, Tommy; Gustafsson, Mathias (Hg.) (2008): New issues and paradigms in research on social dilemmas.. Toward an analysis of cooperation and fairness that includes concepts of cooperative game theory. Unter Mitarbeit von Axel Ostmann und Holger Meinhardt. New York: Springer
Abstract: Presents a game-theoretical analysis of cooperative and fair behavior. First, important concepts such as cooperation, fairness, bargaining, social dilemma, and communication are elaborated. The next sections introduce formal notation used to designate elements of noncooperative and cooperative games, and further define concepts such as core allocation and convexity. Several example games are outlined, including the CP3 game, and the HSW1 and HSW2 games. Solution concepts and properties of each example game are considered. Experimental results attained by S. Hackett et al. are reanalyzed, focusing on player efficiency and compliance, and providing geometric localization of game results. The results of the analysis suggest that common dilemma games are clear and convex, allowing for stable and efficient solutions. Players tended to compromise between the Nash equilibrium, the egalitarian standard, and the fairness standard. The interpretation of the findings considers the role of communication, the activation of behavior standards, and the equity of final results.
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(2008): SERVICE-ORIENTED COMPUTING. A RESEARCH ROADMAP. In: International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 17 (02), S. 223-255. DOI: 10.1142/S0218843008001816
Abstract: Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) is a new computing paradigm that utilizes services as the basic constructs to support the development of rapid, low-cost and easy composition of distributed applications even in heterogeneous environments. The promise of Service-Oriented Computing is a world of cooperating services where application components are assembled with little effort into a network of services that can be loosely coupled to create flexible dynamic business processes and agile applications that may span organizations and computing platforms. The subject of Service-Oriented Computing is vast and enormously complex, spanning many concepts and technologies that find their origins in diverse disciplines that are woven together in an intricate manner. In addition, there is a need to merge technology with an understanding of business processes and organizational structures, a combination of recognizing an enterprise's pain points and the potential solutions that can be applied to correct them. The material in research spans an immense and diverse spectrum of literature, in origin and in character. As a result research activities are very fragmented. This necessitates that a broader vision and perspective be established - one that permeates and transforms the fundamental requirements of complex applications that require the use of the Service-Oriented Computing paradigm. This paper provides a Service Oriented Computing Roadmap and places on-going research activities and projects in the broader context of this roadmap. This research roadmap launches four pivotal, inherently related, research themes to Service-Oriented Computing: service foundations, service composition, service management and monitoring and service-oriented engineering.
Keywords: Angepasstheit der Maschine an Nutzerbedürfnisse, Disziplin, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Informationssysteme, Interaktionspartner, Landkarte, manners, Mensch oder Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Realtechnik, service-oriented computing, Technik, Überblick, Wirtschaftsinformatik -
(2008) : Socialization In: Haith, Marshall M.: Encyclopedia of infant and early childhood development: Amsterdam: Elsevier Acad. Press, S. 224-235
Abstract: Socialization is the process by which infants and children acquire the standards, skills, motives, attitudes, and behaviors that are appropriate for a particular society and culture. Currently, ecological systems theory is the central framework for understanding socialization. According to this perspective, many agents play a role in the socialization process including families, peers, media, neighborhoods, schools, and religious institutions. Within families, various subsystems are recognized, including the parent–child dyad, the co-parenting, marital, and sibling subsystems as well as the family unit itself. Families, in turn, are embedded in a variety of extrafamilial socialization systems (e.g., peers and schools) and they operate together with families rather than independently. A variety of factors such as child characteristics including genetic differences, personal parental resources, contextual factors, and ethnicity modify the operation of these socialization influences.
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Petersen, Lars-Eric (2008): Stereotype, Vorurteile und soziale Diskriminierung. Theorien Befunde und Interventionen. 1. Aufl.. Weinheim [u.a.]: Beltz PVU
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(2008) : Toward Machines With Emotional Intelligence In: Matthews, Gerald; Zeidner, Moshe; Roberts, Richard D. (Hg.): The Science of Emotional Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns: Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, S. 396-416
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(2008): On the design of neuro-controllers for individual and social learning behaviour in autonomous robots. An evolutionary approach. In: Connection Science 20 (2-3), S. 211-230. DOI: 10.1080/09540090802092014
Abstract: In biology/psychology, the capability of natural organisms to learn from the observation/interaction with conspecifics is referred to as social learning. Roboticists have recently developed an interest in social learning, since it might represent an effective strategy to enhance the adaptivity of a team of autonomous robots. In this study, we show that a methodological approach based on artifcial neural networks shaped by evolutionary computation techniques can be successfully employed to synthesise the individual and social learning mechanisms for robots required to learn a desired action (i.e. phototaxis or antiphototaxis).
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(2008): The role of power in wellness, oppression, and liberation. The promise of psychopolitical validity. In: Journal of Community Psychology 36 (2), S. 116-136. DOI: 10.1002/jcop.20225
Abstract: The power to promote wellness, resist oppression, and foster liberation is grounded in psychological and political dynamics. Hitherto, these two sources of power have been treated in isolation, both for descriptive and prescriptive purposes. As a result, we lack an integrative theory that explains the role of power in promoting human welfare and preventing suffering, and we lack a framework for combining psychological and political power for the purpose of social change. In this article, the author puts forth a psychopolitical conceptualization of power, wellness, oppression, and liberation. Furthermore, he introduces the concept of psychopolitical validity, which is designed to help community psychologists to put power issues at the forefront of research and action. Two types of psychopolitical validity are introduced: type I-epistemic, and type II-transformative. Whereas the former demands that psychological and political power be incorporated into community psychology studies; the latter requires that interventions move beyond ameliorative efforts and towards structural change.
Keywords: Design -
(2008) : IslEnquirer: Social user model acquisition through network analysis and interactive learning: 2008 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop: Goa, India: IEEE, S. 117-120
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/SLT.2008.4777854 Abstract: We present an approach to introduce social awareness in interactive systems. The IslEnquirer is a system which automatically builds social user models. It initializes the models by social network analysis of available offline data. These models are then verified and extended by interactive learning which is carried out by a robot initiated spoken dialog with the user.
Keywords: Automatic speech recognition, Automation, Cognitive robotics, Context modeling, Data Mining, Humanoid Robots, Humans, ieee xplore, Information retrieval, interactive learning, interactive system, interactive systems, IslEnquirer, Künstliche Intelligenz, learning (artificial intelligence), Robot, Robotics, social awareness, social network analysis, Social network services, social networking (online), social networks, social user model acquisition, spoken dialog, spoken dialog system, user modeling, user modelling -
(2008): The influence of organizational respect on emotional exhaustion in the human services. In: The Journal of Positive Psychology 3 (1), S. 4-18. DOI: 10.1080/17439760701750980
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701750980 Abstract: The influence of organizational respect on emotional exhaustion was examined in a longitudinal field study in the human services industry. Of a sample of 108 Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs) working in a long-term health care facility for the elderly, those CNAs who reported greater organizational respect at Time 1 experienced less emotional exhaustion 16 months later (Time 2). Through a longitudinal field experiment, we also examined the outcomes of an organizational change intended to increase organizational respect for the facility's employees. As predicted, CNAs on units undergoing organizational change experienced a decrease in emotional exhaustion from Time 1 to Time 2 compared to CNAs on the control units, and this effect was partially mediated by the degree of organizational respect reported by the employees. CNA's satisfaction with the change was also related to a decrease in emotional exhaustion, and this effect was completely mediated by the degree of reported organizational respect.
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(2008): Die Durchsetzung sozialer Normen in Low-Cost und High-Cost Situationen/Enforcement of Social Norms in Low-Cost and High-Cost Situations. In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie 37 (5), S. 380-402. DOI: 10.1515/zfsoz-2008-0502
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(2008): The Bases of Power and the Power/Interaction Model of Interpersonal Influence. In: Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 8 (1), S. 1-22. DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-2415.2008.00159.x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-2415.2008.00159.x Abstract: This article provides a summary of work done by Raven and his colleagues on bases of power. It ranges from the initial work in 1959 of French and Raven through decades of follow-up work, and ties the work to that of others doing work on power bases. After the summary, the author responds to a series of questions that probe the work in greater depth, allowing explication of much of the thinking underlying and leading to publications of Raven and colleagues that are well known to social psychologists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2008): Glasper Could Use Decorum. In: DOWN BEAT 75 (11)Keywords: decorum, Ohne Abstract oder Text
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Riggio, Ronald E.; Chaleff, Ira; Lipman-Blumen, Jean; Riggio, Ronald E. (Ed); Chaleff, Ira (Ed); Lipman-Blumen, Jean (Ed) (Hg.) (2008): The art of followership: How great followers create great leaders and organizations. San Francisco, CA, US: Jossey-Bass (The Warren Bennis signature series)
Keywords: decorum -
(2008): Evaluating computer-supported social learning. An integrative study of the development of soft skills in a university-based mediation training programme.
Abstract: Evaluated the effect of computer-supported social learning (CSSL) on sociocommunicative competence. Computer technology provides learners with video-based scenes and interactive tasks designed to provide additional exposure to complex and critical interpersonal situations. This study focused on the impact of the introduction and use of CSSL on a training program known as PROCON, which is offered to graduate psychology students with basic knowledge and experience in group facilitation techniques, basic 1-to-1 counseling, and communication skills. 272 students participated in 1 or more PROCON modules between 2002 and 2006. The analysis focused on 195 participants who completed the curriculum within one year and cohort. While computer software cannot replace the direct, situated interaction offered in the classroom setting, it was hypothesized that a blend of traditional teaching methods and CSSL has a positive effect on a learner's sociocommunicative competence in addition to increasing situational judgment skills, increasing conceptual and taxonomic knowledge levels, increasing interest in mediation and conflict resolution, and increasing self-rated confidence levels. Participants were subjected to a pretest prior to being accepted into the PROCON program. Once accepted into the program, standard classroom presentation was supplemented by CSSL and assessed by online surveys, posttests, and log files. Sociocommunicative competence was assessed using situational judgment tests (SJT). Findings indicated positive results on SJT when CSSL was used in conjunction with traditional teaching methods rather than as a substitution for them. No consistent association was found between computer-facilitated learning and posttest levels of conceptual knowledge or an increase in interest in mediation or conflict resolution. Self-efficacy levels were found to be either equal to or greater than outcome results without the addition of CSSL. Overall, positive results were found to exist with the complementary use of computer technology in the development of sociocommunicative skills.
Keywords: Bildungsprogramme und Lehrmethoden, Computer Assisted Instruction, Computerunterstützte Unterweisung, Conflict Resolution, Curricula, Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods, effect of computer-supported social learning (CSSL) on sociocommunicative competence, Konfliktlösung, Lehrmethoden, Lerntheorien, Mediation, Mensch-Technik-Relation, social learning, Social Skills Training, Soziales Kompetenztraining, Soziales Lernen, Teaching Methods, traditional group-facilitation training vs training with added CSSL elements, training in social competences, Training sozialer Fertigkeiten