Alle Publikationen
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1990
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(1990): Perspectives on politeness. In: Journal of Pragmatics 14 (2), S. 219-236. DOI: 10.1016/0378-2166(90)90081-N
Abstract: This paper reviews four current approaches to an account of politeness: the social-norm view; the conversational-maxim view; the face-saving view; and the conversational-contract view. A characterization is given for each, followed by a discussion of certain salient aspects of the approach. While none of the views is considered adequate, the face-saving view is seen as the most clearly articulated and most thoroughly worked out, therefore providing the best framework within which to raise the crucial questions about politeness that must now be addressed.
1989
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(1989): Formal forms and discernment. Two neglected aspects of universals of linguistic politeness. In: Multilingua - Journal of Cross-Cultural and Interlanguage Communication 8 (2-3), S. 223-248. DOI: 10.1515/mult.1989.8.2-3.223
Abstract: Brown and Levinson (1878, 1987) proposed principles of language usage according to politeness, which they claim to be universal. Their principles are supported by evidence from three languages of different origins. However, the universality of the principles is questionable from the perspective of language and usage which are distinctly relevant to linguistic politeness in Japanese. The neglected linguistic aspect is the choice of 'formal linguistic forms' among varieties with different degrees of formality. The neglected aspect of usage is 'discernment': the speaker's use of polite expressions according to social conventions rather than interactional strategy. This paper claims that a comprehensive framework for universals of linguistic politeness will have to incorporate these aspects outside of their scope. Finally, the justification of the comprehensive framework is discussed in terms of Weber's typology of actions and Habermas' theory of communicative action.
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