Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): Computer scoring of emotional awareness in a nonclinical population of young adults. In: Journal of Personality Assessment 100 (1), S. 107-115. DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2017.1282866
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2017.1282866 Abstract: The Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS; Lane, Quinlan, Schwartz, Walker, & Zeitlin, 1990) is an open-ended measure of the ability to describe emotional reactions. Scoring the LEAS by hand is complex and time consuming (Barchard, Bajgar, Leaf, & Lane, 2010). Therefore, Program for Open-Ended Scoring (POES; Leaf & Barchard, 2010) was designed to score the LEAS quickly and easily. Using 268 undergraduates, this article compares traditional LEAS hand scoring to 6 POES methods, 2 of which are holistic methods that have never before been examined. Based on split-half reliability, correlations with measures of emotional and social intelligence, and partial correlations once response length and vocabulary were partialed out, we recommend 3 of the POES methods when testing nonclinical samples of young adults. Because POES scoring is fast and efficient, it allows more researchers and clinicians to use the LEAS, thus moving away from self-report measures of emotional awareness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Awareness, College Students, computer scoring, Emerging Adulthood, Emotional awareness, emotional reactions, Emotional Responses, Emotionsforschung, Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale, psychometrics, Scoring (Testing), Social intelligence, Soziale Intelligenz, Statistical Reliability, Statistical Validity, Test Reliability, young adults 2017
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(2017): The effect of reactive emotions expressed in response to another's anger on inferences of social power. In: Emotion (Washington, D.C.) 17 (4), S. 717-727. DOI: 10.1037/emo0000262
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000262 Abstract: Social perception of emotions is influenced by the context in which it occurs. One such context is a social interaction involving an exchange of emotions. The way parties to the interaction are perceived is shaped by the combination of emotions exchanged. This idea was examined by assessing the extent to which expressions of anger toward a target-which, in isolation, are perceived as signals of high social power-are influenced by the target's emotional reaction to it (i.e., reactive emotions). Three studies show that the angry person was perceived as having a higher level of social power when this anger was responded by fear or sadness than when it was responded by neutrality or anger. Study 1 indicated that reactive emotions have a stronger effect on perceived social power when emotions were incongruent with gender stereotypes. Study 2 indicated that these effects are a result of these emotions serving as reactive emotions rather than a benchmark against which the angry person's power is assessed. Study 3 showed that reactive emotions affect perceived social power by serving as signals of the level to which the high social power suggested by the first person's expression is confirmed by its target. Comparing effects of reactive emotions to anger with reactive emotions to sadness, showed that perceived social power of the expresser is determined by the nature of the expression, with some adjustment caused by the reactive emotions. This underscores the importance of social interaction as a context for the social perception of emotions. (PsycINFO Database Record
2015
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(2015): Gender differences in experiential and facial reactivity to approval and disapproval during emotional social interactions. In: Frontiers in psychology 6
Abstract: Negative social evaluations represent social threats and elicit negative emotions such as anger or fear. Positive social evaluations, by contrast, may increase self-esteem and generate positive emotions such as happiness and pride. Gender differences are likely to shape both the perception and expression of positive and negative social evaluations. Yet, current knowledge is limited by a reliance on studies that used static images of individual expressers with limited external validity. Furthermore, only few studies considered gender differences on both the expresser and perceiver side. The present study approached these limitations by utilizing a naturalistic stimulus set displaying nine males and nine females (expressers) delivering social evaluative sentences to 32 female and 26 male participants (perceivers). Perceivers watched 30 positive, 30 negative, and 30 neutral messages while facial electromyography (EMG) was continuously recorded and subjective ratings were obtained. Results indicated that men expressing positive evaluations elicited stronger EMG responses in both perceiver genders. Arousal was rated higher when positive evaluations were expressed by the opposite gender. Thus, gender differences need to be more explicitly considered in research of social cognition and affective science using naturalistic social stimuli. zitiert von 5
2014
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(2014): Frustration and disappointment. In: Journal of Child Psychotherapy 40 (1), S. 36-57. DOI: 10.1080/0075417X.2014.883136
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0075417X.2014.883136 Abstract: The paper describes research on children’s responses to failures of gratification. Although this has always been an important area of consideration in psychoanalytic thinking, arguments are put forward for the child’s actual feelings of disappointment being significant in ways that have yet to be fully realised theoretically and clinically within Kleinian object relations. Since Freud first used the term ‘frustration’, it has been applied in psychoanalysis as a means by which to describe in an undifferentiated way all those responses to failures of gratification that have an aggressive content. It will be argued that, in a context of the historical shift in thinking from drive to relational models, there is now perhaps scope to posit the existence instead of two discrete object relational positions towards such failures of aim—that frustrated responses can be differentiated in important structural and developmental ways from disappointed ones, by suggesting that the for mer are schizoid, whilst the latter are depressive in quality. To try and begin to test the hypothesis that there might be an object relational distinction between feelings of frustration and feelings of disappointment, selected process notes from two training cases became the subject of a combined piece of clinical and theoretical research. I will outline how this research was undertaken and present the findings that arose from the clinical part of it. With the use of a content analysis, a method for gathering interesting quantitative data about the children’s various responses to the failures of gratification was arrived at. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2013
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(2013): An Experimental Study on Emotional Reactions Towards a Robot. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 5 (1), S. 17-34. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-012-0173-8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-012-0173-8 Abstract: Although robots are starting to enter into our professional and private lives, little is known about the emotional effects which robots elicit. However, insights into this topic are an important prerequisite when discussing, for example, ethical issues regarding the question of what role we (want to) allow robots to play in our lives. In line with the Media Equation, humans may react towards robots as they do towards humans, making it all the more important to carefully investigate the preconditions and consequences of contact with robots. Based on assumptions on the socialness of reactions towards robots and anecdotal evidence of emotional attachments to robots (e. g. Klamer and BenAllouch in Trappl R. (ed.), Proceedings of EMCSR 2010, Vienna, 2010; Klamer and BenAllouch in Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI-2010), Atlanta, GA. ACM, New York, 2010; Kramer et al. in Appl. Artif. Intell. 25(6): 474-502, 2011), we conducted a study that provides further insights into the question of whether humans show emotional reactions towards Ugobe's Pleo, which is shown in different situations. We used a 2 x 2 design with one between-subjects factor "prior interaction with the robot" (never seen the robot before vs. 10-minute interaction with the robot) and a within-subject factor "type of video" (friendly interaction video vs. torture video). Following a multi-method approach, we assessed participants' physiological arousal and self-reported emotions as well as their general evaluation of the videos and the robot. In line with our hypotheses, participants showed increased physiological arousal during the reception of the torture video as compared to the normal video. They also reported fewer positive and more negative feelings after the torture video and expressed empathic concern for the robot. It appears that the acquaintance with the robot does not play a role, as "prior interaction with the robot" showed no effect.
2010
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(2010) : Moralische Gefühle aus der Sicht der kognitiv-motivationalen Theorie der Emotion In: Iorio, Marco: Regel, Norm, Gesetz: Eine interdisziplinäre Bestandsaufnahme: Frankfurt am Main [u.a.]: Lang, S. 257-283
Abstract: Vor dem Hintergrund der kognitiv-motivationalen Theorie der Emotion (KMTE) werden die Entstehung und das Wesen von moralischen Gefühlen erörtert und am Beispiel von Mitleid und Schuld vertieft. Nach einer Einführung in die kognitiv-motivationale Theorie der Emotion wird darauf aufbauend ein komputationales Modell der Emotion vorgestellt, in dem eine kognitive Architektur für Überzeugungen und Wünsche in die Analyse von Emotionen einbezieht. Das Glaube-Wunsch-System der KMTE wird in dem Modell um angeborene, festverdrahtete Überwachungs- und Aktualisierungsmechanismen erweitert, die das zentrale Repräsentationssystem überprüfen. Die Anwendung dieses Modells bei der Analyse von moralischen Emotionen wird am Beispiel des Mitleids illustriert. Neben dem kognitiv-motivationalen Hintergrund werden Sympathie- und Antipathiegefühle und das intentionale Objekt des Mitleids betrachtet. Anschließend wird die Analyse normbasierter Gefühle am Beispiel der Schuld skizziert. Abschließend werden Funktionen der moralischen Gefühle aus der Sicht des komputationalen Modells der Emotion erörtert. zitiert von: 11
1982
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(1982) : Moralisches Urteil und Aggression: Zur Systematisierung und Präzisierung des Aggressionskonzeptes sowie einiger empirischer Befunde In: Hilke, Reinhard; Kempf, Wilhelm; Aschenbach, Günter (Hg.): Aggression: Naturwissenschaftliche und kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven der Aggressionsforschung: Bern: Hans Huber, S. 208-280
Abstract: Die Beziehung zwischen Aggression und moralischem Urteil wird zu klären versucht. Zu diesem Zweck werden zunächst Binnengliederung, logischer Status und Beziehung der Aggression zu anderen Motivarten umrissen und Begriffe wie Handlung, Aktivität, Konfliktlösung und andere definiert. Moralische Urteile werden als Konfliktlösungsvorstellungen verstanden. Im Rahmen dieser Terminologie werden vier Handlungsthemen erörtert: Altruismus, Aggression, Egoismus, Askese. Es wird untersucht, inwieweit aggressive Handlungen auch den übrigen Themen untergeordnet sein können. Kohlbergs Stufenmodell moralischer Entwicklung wird im Zusammenhang mit entsprechenden Forschungsergebnissen referiert, und Inhalte moralischen Urteils werden aufgezeigt, die sich den genannten Handlungsthemen zuordnen lassen. Bedingungen ihrer Aktualgenese werden präzisiert. Sodann wird eine Beschreibung der jeweiligen Handlungsabläufe versucht, wobei kognitive und emotionale Prozesse in einem komplexen Schema dargestellt werden. Die Bedeutung des moralischen Urteils in den einzelnen thematisch unterschiedenen Handlungstypen wird, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung "aggressiver" Handlungen, ausfuehrlich dargelegt, wobei Bezug genommen wird auf theoretische Überlegungen und empirische Befunde anderer Autoren. Forschungs- und therapiepraktische Konsequenzen werden angesprochen. Hauptwerk zitiert von: 10
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