Alle Publikationen
2006
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(2006): Personality Judgments from Natural and Composite Facial Images. More Evidence For A “Kernel Of Truth” In Social Perception. In: Social Cognition 24 (5), S. 607-640. DOI: 10.1521/soco.2006.24.5.607
Abstract: In addition to signaling identity, sex, age, and emotional state, people frequently use facial characteristics as a basis for personality attributions. Typically, there is a high degree of consensus in the attributions made to faces. Nevertheless, the extent to which such judgments are veridical is unclear and somewhat controversial. We have examined the relationship between self-report and perceived personality using both faces of individuals and computer graphic composites. Photographs were taken of 146 men and 148 women who each also completed a self-report personality questionnaire from which scores on the big five personality dimensions were derived. In study 1, we identified a relationship between self-reported extraversion and perceived extraversion in individual faces. For male faces alone, we also found some accuracy in the perception of emotional stability and openness to experience. In study 2, composite faces were made from individuals self-reporting high and low scores on each of the five dimensions. These composites were rated for personality and attractiveness by independent raters. Discriminant analyses indicated that, controlling for attractiveness, independent ratings on congruent personality dimensions were best able to discriminate between composite faces generated from individuals high or low on the self-report dimensions of agreeableness, extraversion, and, for male faces only, emotional stability.
Keywords: Favoriten -
(2006): A PERCEPTUALLY-BASED THEORY OF MIND FOR AGENT INTERACTION INITIATION. In: International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 03 (03), S. 321-339. DOI: 10.1142/S0219843606000783
Abstract: We endow agents with the capability to open interactions based on their perception of the gaze and direction of attention of others in a virtual environment. The capability is geared towards the earliest part of interaction initiation, where agents may be at some distance from each other and may not initially have knowledge of each other's presence. An important idea in our work is that the start of interaction be initiated in a graceful manner involving exchanges of subtle cues before overt interaction commitments are made. Synthetic vision, attention and memory are used to implement the perceptually-based agent theory of mind. Theory of Mind is used to infer information about the intention of the other to interact based on their eye, head and body directions, locomotion and greeting gestures. An agent's interaction behavior is therefore driven not only by its interaction goal, but also by its theory of the goal of the other based on perception. We have implemented this system and used it to automate and evaluate social interaction behaviors between humans and agents in a virtual environment.
Keywords: Begrüßungsgesten, Blick / Gaze, Blickrichtung, Favoriten, Fortbewegung/locomotion, Gesten, Gestik/Mimik, Körperhaltung, Modell zur Interpretation von Handlungsvorhaben für Roboter, Richtung der Kopfhaltung, Richtung der Körperhaltung, Subtilität der Kommunikationsgestik, theory of mind, Weltwissen -
(2006) : Politeness: Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics: Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, S. 679-684
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00348-5 Abstract: Politeness is a controversial term, relevant to the linguist in two basic senses. The first is derived from folk notions of what constitutes polite or impolite behavior, and it is therefore a value-laden, culture-sensitive term. The second is as a technical term that has gained currency in the field of linguistics since the beginning – in the 1970s – of a scientific approach to the study of the phenomenon, whose character had thus far been understood as a more abstract and pancultural feature of human behavior and communication. This article outlines the development of the field of politeness studies and the ontological and epistemological issues on today's research agenda.
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(2006) : Emotion in Theories of Close Relationships In: Vangelisti, Anita L.; Perlman, Daniel (Hg.): The Cambridge handbook of personal relationships: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (Cambridge handbooks in psychology), S. 369-384
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Quadflieg, Dirk; Moebius, Stephan (Hg.) (2006): Kultur: Theorien der Gegenwart. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften
Abstract: Die Herausgeber Stephan Moebius und Dirk Quadflieg bieten in Zusammenarbeit mit den Autorinnen und Autoren einen systematischen und – in seiner angelegten Breite – erstmaligen Überblick über aktuelle kultursoziologische und -wissenschaftliche Theorien. Die gegenwärtig wichtigsten Kulturtheorien werden nach dem Kriterium ihrer interdisziplinären Relevanz für die zeitgenössischen Diskurse in der Soziologie, den Kulturwissenschaften, der Philosophie sowie den Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften einheitlich und verständlich vorgestellt. Der Band richtet sich in erster Linie an Studierende und Lehrende der angegebenen Fachrichtungen und dient als ein hilfreiches Nachschlagewerk im immer unübersichtlicher werdenden Diskurs zwischen den Disziplinen.
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(2006) : Well done, Robot! The importance of praise and presence in human-robot collaboration: The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2006: RO-MAN 2006 ; 6-8 Sept. 2006, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom ; proceedings: RO-MAN 2006: The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Hatfield: 9/6/2006 - 9/8/2006. IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication; IEEE Ro-Man: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 86-90
Abstract: This study reports on an experiment in which participants had to collaborate with either another human or a robot (partner). The robot would either be present in the room or only be represented on the participants' computer screen (presence). Furthermore, the participants' partner would either make 20 % errors or 40 % errors (error rate). We automatically measured the praising and punishing behavior of the participants towards their partners and also asked the participant to estimate their own behavior. The participants unconsciously praised Aibo more than the human partner, but punished it just as much. Robots that adapt to the users' behavior should therefore pay extra attention to the users' praises, compared to their punishments
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(2006): Der Einfluss perzipierter Entwicklungsnormen auf Entwicklungsziele Jugendlicher in Abhängigkeit der subjektiven Valenz von Eltern und Freunden. In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung und Sozialisation : ZSE 26 (4)
Abstract: Jugendliche setzen ihre Entwicklungsziele nicht nur in Abhängigkeit ihrer selbstperzipierten Kompetenzen, sondern auch vor dem Hintergrund der von ihnen wahrgenommenen Entwicklungsnormen. Welche Ziele sich Heranwachsende in welcher Intensität setzen, wird u. a. von den Normen beeinflusst, die Jugendliche bei ihren Eltern und Freunden wahrnehmen. Dabei sollte das Ausmaß des Zusammenhangs von perzipierter Norm und gesetztem Entwicklungsziel mit der subjektiven Valenz der Normsetzer variieren: Je wichtiger Eltern bzw. Freunde im Leben von Jugendlichen sind, desto wahrscheinlicher ist, dass sie ihre Entwicklungsziele an diesen Bezugspersonen und deren Normen ausrichten. Die Daten einer Fragebogenstudie mit 1195 Jugendlichen im Alter von 12 bis 16 Jahren werden dazu genutzt, diese Annahmen zu überprüfen. Es zeigt sich, dass Eltern und Freunde in unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsbereichen einen jeweils dominanten Einfluss auf die jugendlichen Entwicklungsziele ausüben, dieser Einfluss aber davon abhängig ist, welche subjektive Valenz Eltern und Freunde für Jugendliche besitzen. Die Befunde werden abschließend kritisch diskutiert.
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(2006): Jane Austen's guide to good manners. Compliments, charades & horrible blunders. New York: Bloomsbury
Abstract: Jane Austen's Guide to Good Manners is a light-hearted, insightful handbook written as if intended for her original Regency Era readers, and illustrated throughout with beautiful watercolors. When Anna, Jane Austen's young niece, sent her a novel for ""literary comment," Jane loved everything about it, except its utter disregard for the manners of the day. The resulting and tender correspondence between the two serves as the foundation for this instructional book. Etiquette and social behavior of the early 1800s come to life in lovely chapters teaching one on how to pay and return formal "calls," how to properly refuse a proposal of marriage, who should lead off the dancing at a country-house ball, and what to wear for a morning walk. Jane Austen used these daily customs and niceties to brilliantly illuminate the cloistered world of high society women in her timeless novels. Now with this delightful handbook of correct social behavior, readers will learn just why Mrs. Bennet of Pride and Prejudice couldn't call alone on her new, rich, bachelor neighbor and had to force the reluctant Mr. Bennet to do so...even as he uttered "Tis an etiquette I despise." An indispensable gift for any Austen fan, this beautiful book will prove irresistible to anyone wishing to go back in time to the atmosphere of their favorite Austen novels. Henrietta Webb is the co-creator of Bad Hair. Josephine Ross has written a number of books including, most recently, Jane Austen: A Companion, published in England by Austen's original publisher John Murray.
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Schulze, Ralf; Freund, Alexander; Roberts, Richard D. (Hg.) (2006): Emotionale Intelligenz. Ein internationales Handbuch. Göttingen: Hogrefe
Keywords: Sonstiges -
(2006): Arbeit und (mangelnde) Wertschätzung. In: Wirtschaftspsychologie 2 (3), S. 87-95
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(2006): Nurturing the Whole Person. The Ethics of Workplace Spirituality in a Society of Organizations. In: Journal of Business Ethics 66 (4), S. 357-375. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-006-0014-5
Abstract: In a world which can be increasingly described as a "society of organizations," it is incumbent upon organizational researchers to account for the role of organizations in determining the well-being of societies and the individuals that comprise them. Workplace spirituality is a young area of inquiry with potentially strong relevance to the well-being of individuals, organizations, and societies. Previous literature has not examined ethical dilemmas related to workplace spirituality that organizations might expect based upon the co-existence of multiple ethical work climates, nor has previous literature accounted for the relevance of the cosmopolitan (external, societal) source of moral reasoning in the ethical treatment of workplace spirituality. The purpose of this paper is to address these gaps by articulating two such ethical dilemmas related to workplace spirituality: the "quiet desperation" dilemma and the instrumentality dilemma. Moreover, I propose two theoretical contexts that foster "both-and" rather than "either-or" thinking, thereby mitigating (moderating) the relationships between climate combinations and conflictual aspects of the ethical dilemmas. For the "quiet desperation" dilemma, I propose a person-organization fit perspective to emphasize diversity of individual preferences instead of a managerially prescribed uniformity of spirituality. For the instrumentality dilemma, I propose a multiparadigm approach to workplace spirituality research to avoid the privileging of one research interest over another (e.g., instrumentality, individual fulfillment, societal good). I conclude with suggestions for future research.
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(2006): The nature of theory in information systems. In: MIS Quarterly 30 (3), S. 611-642
Abstract: The aim of this research essay is to examine the structural nature of theory in Information Systems. Despite the importance of theory, questions relating to its form and structure are neglected in comparison with questions relating to epistemology. The essay addresses issues of causality, explanation, prediction, and generalization that underlie an understanding of theory. A taxonomy is proposed that classifies information systems theories with respect to the manner in which four central goals are addressed: analysis, explanation, prediction, and prescription. Five interrelated types of theory are distinguished: (1) theory for analyzing, (2) theory for explaining, (3) theory for predicting, (4) theory for explaining and predicting, and (5) theory for design and action. Examples illustrate the nature of each theory type. The applicability of the taxonomy is demonstrated by classifying a sample of journal articles. The paper contributes by showing that multiple views of theory exist and by exposing the assumptions underlying different viewpoints. In addition, it is suggested that the type of theory under development can influence the choice of an epistemological approach. Support is given for the legitimacy and value of each theory type. The building of integrated bodies of theory that encompass all theory types is advocated.
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(2006) : Thespian: Modeling Socially Normative Behavior in a Decision-Theoretic Framework In: Gratch, Jonathan: Intelligent virtual agents: 6th International Working Conference, IVA 2006: Marina del Rey, CA, USA, August 21-23, 2006: proceedings, 4133: Berlin: Springer (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), S. 369-382
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(2006): Effects of Provocation on Emotions and Aggression. An Experimental Study with Aggressive Children. In: Swiss Journal of Psychology 65 (2), S. 117-124. DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185.65.2.117
Abstract: Examined the effects of an experimentally induced provocation on emotions and aggression in 34 aggressive conduct-disordered children using a competitive reaction time paradigm. Two experimental conditions were created, an increasing provocation and a low constant provocation condition. Self-rated anger was assessed directly after provocation on a 5-point visual scale. In addition, negative and positive emotions as well as physiological measures (heart rate and skin conductance level) were measured at baseline and after provocation. Results revealed that participants' aggressive behavior and subjective emotions differed as a function of the opponent's level of provocation. Concerning physiological parameters, no significant differences were found between the experimental conditions. The results suggest that affective, but not physiological variables characterize reactive aggression in conduct-disordered children. zitiert von 10
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(2006) : Manners, Morals, and Practical Wisdom In: Chappell, Timothy D. J.: Values and virtues: Aristotelianism in contemporary ethics: Oxford; New York: Clarendon Press (Mind Association occasional series), S. 189-212
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Sun, Ron (2006): Cognition and multi-agent interaction. From cognitive modeling to social simulation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Abstract: Prolegomena to integrating cognitive modeling and social simulation / Ron Sun -- Modeling paradigms in ACT-R / Niel Taatgen, Christian Lebiere, and John Anderson -- Considering Soar as an agent architecture / Robert Wray and Randy Jones -- The CLARION cognitive architecture: extending cognitive modeling to social simulation / Ron Sun -- Cognitive architectures, game playing, and human evolution / Robert L. West, Christian Lebiere, Dan J. Bothell -- Simulating a simple case of organizational decision making / Isaac Nevah and Ron Sun -- Cognitive modeling of social behaviors / William J. Clancey, et al. -- Cognitive agents interacting in real and virtual worlds / Bradley J. Best and Christian Lebiere -- Modeling social emotions and social attributions / Jonathan Gratch, et al. -- Communicating and collaborating with robotic agents / J. Gregory Trafton, et al. -- Behavior-based methods for modeling and structuring control of social robots / Dylan A. Shell and Maja J. Matarić -- Evolution of a teamwork model / Nathan Schurr, et al. -- Sociality in embodied neural agents / Domenico Parisi and Stefano Nolfi -- Cognitive architecture and contents for social structures and interactions / Cristiano Castelfranchi -- Cognitive science and good social science / Scott Moss -- Collective cognition and emergence in multi-agent systems / Pietro Panzarasa and Nicholas R. Jennings -- Social judgement in multi-agent systems / Tom R. Burns and Ewa Roszkowska -- Including human variability in a cognitive architecture to improve team simulation / Frank E. Ritter and Emma Norling -- When does social simulation need cognitive models? / Nigel Gilbert This book explores the intersection between cognitive sciences and social sciences. In particular, it explores the intersection between individual cognitive modeling and modeling of multi-agent interaction (social stimulation). The two contributing fields - individual cognitive modeling (especially cognitive architectures) and modeling of multi-agent interaction (including social simulation and, to some extent, multi-agent systems) - have seen phenomenal growth in recent years. However, the interaction of these two fields has not been sufficiently developed. We believe that the interaction of the two may be more significant than either alone. They bring with them enormous intellectual capitals. These intellectual capitals can be profitably leveraged in creating true synergy between the two fields, leading to more in-depth studies and better understanding of both individual cognition and sociocultural processes. It is possible that an integrative field of study in cognitive and social sciences is emerging and we are laying the foundation for it
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(2006): Decoding speech prosody in five languages. In: Semiotica (158). DOI: 10.1515/SEM.2006.017
Abstract: Twenty English-speaking listeners judged the emotive intent of utterances spoken by male and female speakers of English, German, Chinese, Japanese, and Tagalog. The verbal content of utterances was neutral but prosodic elements conveyed each of four emotions: joy, anger, sadness, and fear. Identification accuracy was above chance performance levels for all emotions in all languages. Across languages, sadness and anger were more accurately recognized than joy and fear. Listeners showed an in-group advantage for decoding emotional prosody, with highest recognition rates for English utterances and lowest recognition rates for Japanese and Chinese utterances. Acoustic properties of stimuli were correlated with the intended emotion expressed. Our results support the view that emotional prosody is decoded by a combination of universal and culture-specific cues.
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(2006): Soziale Kompetenz und Emotionale Intelligenz. In: Qualitätssicherung und Evaluation in Personalauswahl und Eignungsbeurteilung. Riezlern-Reader XV, S. 176-191
Abstract: Die gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen stellen hohe Anforderungen an die Anpassung eines Menschen an seine soziale Umwelt. In diesem Zusammenhang, auch im Berufsleben, sind die Konstrukte Soziale Kompetenz und Emotionale Intelligenz von Bedeutung. Soziale Kompetenz wird dabei definiert als das Bestreben einer möglichst gleichmäßigen Verwirklichung der Interessen aller beteiligten Personen. Die Ausführungen zu diesem Konstrukt beziehen sich u. a. auf: Definition und Abgrenzung, Strukturen, Modelle über die Entstehung von gezielt sozial kompetentem Verhalten, verwandte Begriffe (Soziale Intelligenz, Interpersonale Kompetenz). Emotionale Intelligenz ist letztlich ein Unterbereich der Sozialen Kompetenz und bezieht sich auf den Gesichtspunkt des Gefühls im sozialen Kontext. Die Ausführungen zu diesem Konstrukt beziehen sich auf: Definition, gebräuchliche Erhebungsverfahren (Fragebogenverfahren, Rollenspiele, "In vivo" Test, Videotechniken und computergestützte Verfahren). Vorteile und mögliche Einschränkungen der Verfahrensarten werden ausführlich diskutiert.
Keywords: definition & models & assessment methods, Emotional Control, Emotional Intelligence, Emotionale Intelligenz, Emotionale Kontrolle, Empirical Methods, Empirische Methoden, Intelligence, Intelligenz, Measurement, Messung, Methodik, Personalmanagement, Psychometrics & Statistics & Methodology, Psychometrie, social competence & emotional intelligence as socially important constructs, Social intelligence, social psychology, Social Skills, Soziale Fertigkeiten, Soziale Intelligenz, Sozialpsychologie, Statistik, Wirtschaftspsychologie -
Vangelisti, Anita L.; Perlman, Daniel (Hg.) (2006): The Cambridge handbook of personal relationships. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (Cambridge handbooks in psychology)
Abstract: The Cambridge Handbook of Personal Relationships serves as a benchmark of the current state of scholarship in this dynamic field synthesizing the extant theoretical and empirical literature, tracing its historical roots, and making recommendations for future directions. The volume addresses a broad range of established and emerging topics including: theoretical and methodological issues that influence the study of personal relationships; research and theory on relationship development, the nature and functions of personal relationships across the lifespan; individual differences and their influences on relationships; relationship processes such as cognition, emotion, and communication; relational qualities such as satisfaction and commitment; environmental influences on personal relationships; and maintenance and repair of relationships. The authors are experts from a variety of disciplines including several subfields of psychology, communication, family studies and sociology who have made major contributions to the understanding of relationships
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Verwaart, T.; Hofstede, G. J.; Jonker, C. M.; Meijer, S. (Hg.) (2006): Modelling trade and trust across cultures. Berlin, Germany: Springer
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(2006): Exploratory studies on social spaces between humans and a mechanical-looking robot. In: Connection Science 18 (4), S. 429-439
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(2006): Virtue, Character and Situation. In: Journal of Moral Philosophy 3 (2), S. 193-213. DOI: 10.1177/1740468106065492
Abstract: Philosophers have recently argued that traditional discussions of virtue and character presuppose an account of behaviour that experimental psychology has shown to be false. Behaviour does not issue from global traits such as prudence, temperance, courage or fairness, they claim, but from local traits such as sailing-in-rough-weather-with-friends-courage and office-party-temperance. The data employed provides evidence for this view only if we understand it in the light of a behaviourist construal of traits in terms of stimulus and response, rather than in the light of the more traditional construal in terms of inner events such as inclinations. More recent experiments have shown this traditional conception to have greater explanatory and predictive power than its behaviourist rival. So we should retain the traditional conception, and hence reject the proposed alteration to our understanding of behaviour. This discussion has further implications for future philosophical investigations of character and virtue.
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(2006) : Messkonzepte sozialer Intelligenz - Literaturübersicht und Ausblick In: Schulze, Ralf; Freund, Alexander; Roberts, Richard D. (Hg.): Emotionale Intelligenz. Ein internationales Handbuch: Göttingen: Hogrefe, S. 213-234
Abstract: Beschrieben werden theoretische und empirische Ansätze zur sozialen Intelligenz. Strukturbefunde und Ergebnisse zur Validität des Konstrukts werden zusammenfassend dargestellt und entlang der angewandten Messkonzepte geordnet. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Ergebnisunterschiede zu einem beachtlichen Teil durch die Varianz der Messmethoden erklärt werden können, weshalb multimodal-multimethodale Designs zur Kontrolle dieser ungewollten Varianzquelle notwendig erscheinen. In einem weiteren Abschnitt werden die vorliegenden kognitiven Fähigkeitskonzepte in ein facettentheoretisches Rahmenmodell der sozialen Intelligenz integriert, das die vier Komponenten soziales Verständnis, soziales Gedächtnis, soziale Wahrnehmung und soziale Kreativität unterscheidet. Erste empirische Ergebnisse werden berichtet, die das Modell unterstützen. Abschließend werden einige konzeptuelle und methodische Gesichtspunkte diskutiert, die für künftige Studien bedeutsam erscheinen: Die Notwendigkeit, die intendierten Konstrukte und die korrespondierenden Aufgabenanforderungen genau zu spezifizieren und präzise zu fassen, die Konstruktion von Testinstrumenten, die die Breite der intendierten Konstrukte adäquat repräsentieren sowie eine angemessene Validierungsstrategie, die neben der Prüfung von Konstrukt-Validität und prädiktiver Validität auch augenscheinlich verwandte Konstrukte wie die emotionale Intelligenz (EI) berücksichtigt.
Keywords: ABILITY, Emotional Intelligence, Emotionale Intelligenz, Fähigkeit, Emotionsforschung, Intelligence, Intelligenz, Measurement, Messung, Personality Traits & Processes, Persönlichkeitseigenschaften und Persönlichkeitsprozesse, Psychological Theories, Psychologische Theorien, psychometrics, Psychometrie, Soziale Intelligenz -
(2006): Idiocy in Virginia, 1616-1860. In: BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 80 (4), S. 677-701
Abstract: Like the English, Virginians tended to think that idiocy, a condition analogous to intellectual disability in the twenty-first century, was congenital, untreatable, and incurable, and they adopted legal remedies that corresponded closely to the laws of England. In addition, concepts of idiocy reflected some of the unique aspects of Virginia's social system, which was dominated by a coterie of powerful men. With a need to preserve social order and maintain decorum, the Virginia legislature established in 1769 the Eastern State Hospital to house unruly and objectionable people who were mentally disabled. Although idiots were among the hospital's first patients, they were eventually banished due to their presumed failure to respond to treatment. The social stigma attached to idiocy extended from Virginia's city streets and jails to the private homes of prominent families. Personal reticence regarding shameful family matters hid the identity of people thought to be intellectually disabled. Even Thomas Jefferson, a prolific author, entered only cryptic notes about the limitations of his sister, Elizabeth. In summary, Virginians' response to idiocy suggests a two-tiered approach: public disclosure and disdain of poor and dependent people with intellectual disabilities, and silent avoidance of the problem in prominent families. In both situations, idiocy represented images of shame and humiliation that threatened the social order.
Keywords: Beeinflussung sozial angemessenen Verhaltens, Beispiel, chemisch / neurologisch / medikamentös / durch Substanzen, decorum, Diskriminierung, Fehlverhalten, Geschichte, Gesellschaftsprofit, "idiocy", Medizin, Mental Health, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Soziale Ordnung, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext -
(2006): "Tu" or "Vous?" A European qualitative study of dignity and communication with older people in health and social care settings. In: Patient education and counseling 61 (3), S. 363-371. DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2005.04.014
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15970421 Abstract: OBJECTIVE To examine the experiences of communication between older people and health and social care providers in six European countries. METHODS Focus groups were carried out with groups of older people (91 focus groups, 391 participants), and health and social care professionals (85 focus groups, 424 participants), in order to gain insights into concepts of good communications. Data collection and analysis continued concurrently according to the method of constant comparison. RESULTS Different styles of communication between professionals and older people were found to be capable of enhancing or jeopardising dignity. The use of appropriate forms of address, listening, giving people choice, including them, respecting their need for privacy and politeness, and making them feel valued emerged as significant ways to maintain older peoples' sense of self-worth and dignity. Despite being aware of good communication practices, health and social care professionals often failed to implement them. Lack of time, staff, resource scarcity, regulation and bureaucracy were cited as barriers, as was a lack of awareness and effort. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The findings have important implications for health and social care professionals when they engage with older people.
Keywords: 80 and over, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Attitude of Health Personnel, Attitude to Health, ATTITUDES, Choice Behavior, Communication, Confidentiality, Europe, Female, Focus Groups, Health Knowledge, Humans, Intergenerational Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Morals, Personal Autonomy, practice, Professional-Patient Relations, PSYCHOLOGY, Qualitative research, Self Efficacy, Semantics, Social Values, time, Videotape Recording