Alle Publikationen

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Treffer: 5271

  • 1953

  • Kluckhohn, Clyde; Murray, Henry A. (Hg.) (1953): Personality in Nature, Society and Culture. 2. Aufl.. New York: Knopf

  • Kluckhohn, Clyde; Murray, Henry A. (1953) : Personality Formation: The Determinants In: Kluckhohn, Clyde; Murray, Henry A. (Hg.): Personality in Nature, Society and Culture: 2. Aufl.: New York: Knopf, S. 53-70

  • Sherif, Muzafer; Wilson, Milbourne Otto (Hg.) (1953): Group relations at the crossroads. Oxford, England: Harper

    Keywords: Compliant Behavior

  • 1951

  • Kluckhohn, Clyde (1951) : Values and Value-Orientations in the Theory of Action: An Exploration in Defitnition and Classification In: Parsons, Talcott; Shils, Edward A.; Shils, Edward (Hg.): Toward a General Theory of Action: Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, S. 388-433

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674863507.c8 

  • Parsons, Talcott; Shils, Edward A.; Shils, Edward (Hg.) (1951): Toward a General Theory of Action. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674863507 

    Keywords: Handlungstheorie, Psychologie, PSYCHOLOGY, Sociology, Soziologie

  • 1950

  • Aberle, D. F.; Cohen, A. K.; Davis, A. K.; Levy, M. J.; Sutton, F. X. (1950): The Functional Prerequisites of a Society. In: Ethics 60 (2), S. 100-111. DOI: 10.1086/290705

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/290705 

    Abstract: A comparative social science requires a generalized system of concepts which will enable the scientific observer to compare and contrast large bodies of concretely different social phenomena in consistent terms. A promising step in furthering the development of systematic social analysis is a tentative formulation of the functional prerequisites of a society. Functional prerequisites refer broadly to the things that must get done in any society if it is to continue as a going concern, i.e., the generalized conditions necessary for the maintenance of the system concerned. The specific structural arrangements for meeting the functional prerequisites differ, of course, from one society to another and, in the course of time, change in any given society.

    Keywords: Voraussetzungen für Gesellschaft
  • von Bertalanffy, L. (1950): The Theory of Open Systems in Physics and Biology. In: Science 111 (2872), S. 23-29. DOI: 10.1126/science.111.2872.23

    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.111.2872.23 

    Keywords: offene systeme, Systemtheorie

  • 1949

  • Hartmann, Nicolai (1949): Ethik. Berlin

  • Ichheiser, Gustav (1949): Misunderstandings in human relations: a study in false social perception. Chicago, IL, USA: The University of Chicago Press

    Abstract: In this monograph supplement certain implicit assumptions which may distort the analysis of human relationships are discussed. Sources of misinterpretations include: (1) a tendency to over-estimate the unity of personality. (2) emphasis in our culture on success and failure, (3) stereotyped classifications, (4) lack of awareness of the limits of insight, and (5) a tendency to overestimate the role of personal and to underestimate the role of situational factors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)

    Keywords: Persönlichkeitsforschung, SITUATION, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Situationsdefinition, Soziologie, Was ist eine Situation?, Stereotypen
  • Shannon, Claude Elwood; Weaver, Warren (1949): The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press

     

    Abstract: The mathematical theory of communication, by C. E. Shannon. Recent contributions to the mathematical theory of communication, by W. Weaver

    Keywords: Information theory, Informationstheorie, Mathematical physics, Mathematik, Telecommunication

  • 1948

  • Bertalanffy, Ludwig von (1948): Zu einer allgemeinen Systemlehre. In: Biologica Generalis (XIX, 1), S. 114-129

    Keywords: systems theory, Systemtheorie
  • Shannon, C. E. (1948): A Mathematical Theory of Communication. In: Bell System Technical Journal 27 (3), S. 379-423. DOI: 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x 

    Keywords: Information theory
  • Wiese, Leopold von (1948): Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie. KZfSS. Wiesbaden: Springer VS

    Abstract: Im Zentrum der drei Theoriestränge "Liberalismus", "Kommunitarismus" und "Diskursethik" stehen unterschiedliche Konzepte der Normgenerierung und Entscheidungsfindung. Diese ethischen Rechtfertigungsstrategien werden mittels Experimenten auf ihre verhaltenstheoretische Relevanz hin ausgeleuchtet. Zwei Typen von Experimenten wurden mit 340 Studierenden der Ökonomie durchgeführt: (1) Gefangenendilemma-Spiele, die untersuchen, ob Individuen für die Erstellung eines öffentlichen Gutes kooperieren oder ihren eigenen, kurzfristigen Vorteil suchen, und (2) Fairness-Spiele, die darstellen, inwieweit Individuen bei Verteilungskonflikten bereit sind, mit den Schwächergestellten zu kooperieren. Wenn sich die Versuchspersonen anonym entscheiden mussten, verhielten sie sich am relativ stärksten gemäß dem Erwartungsnutzenmodell der Ökonomie. Sie kooperierten kaum. Nur Regeln, die in Anlehnung an die liberale Sichtweise klare Anreize für die Wahl der kooperativen Strategie schufen, führten zu einer Erhöhung der Kooperation (Ultimatum-Spiel). Wurden durch die Identifikation gemeinschaftlich definierte Normen (Kommunitarismus) aktiviert, reagierten die Versuchspersonen auf mögliche soziale Sanktionen mit erhöhter Kooperation. Eine Überwindung des "Trittbrettfahrerproblems" war möglich, wenn die Individuen auf das diskursethische Konzept "Gespräch" rekurrierten und dadurch gegenseitige Verhaltenserwartungen koordinieren konnten.

    Keywords: Entscheidungsfindung, Ethik, Fairness, Geltungsbedürfnis, Gerechtigkeit, Kooperation, Prisoners Dilemma Game, Soziale Werte, Sozialpsychologie, Soziologie, Verhaltensforschung, Wahlverhalten

  • 1947

  • Székely, Lajos (1947): Zur Psychologie des inneren Verhaltens beim Lernen, Denken und Erfahren. In: Theoria 13 (2-3), S. 157-182. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-2567.1947.tb00520.x

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-2567.1947.tb00520.x 

    Abstract: Experience does not imply simply transfer of past events but also a specific structure or reorganization. Understanding a situation depends on past experience and the present constellation of factors. This interaction is demonstrated by means of several problem solving experiments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

    Keywords: Lernen, Lerntheorien, THINKING, INNER ATTITUDE IN, LEARNING, INNER ATTITUDES IN, COMPLEX PROCESSES AND ORGANIZATIONS, THEORY & SYSTEMS

  • 1945

  • Piaget, Jean (1945): La formation de symbole chez l'enfant. Imitation, jeu et rêve, image et représentation. Paris: Delachaux & Niestlé

    Keywords: Psychologie

  • 1944

  • Ellwood, C. A. (1944): Culture and Human Society. In: Social Forces 23 (1), S. 6-15. DOI: 10.2307/2572373

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2572373 

  • 1943

  • Maslow, A. H. (1943): A theory of human motivation. In: Psychological Review 50 (4), S. 370-396. DOI: 10.1037/h0054346

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346 

    Abstract: After listing the propositions that must be considered as basic, the author formulates a theory of human motivation in line with these propositions and with the known facts derived from observation and experiment. There are 5 sets of goals (basic needs) which are related to each other and are arranged in a hierarchy of prepotency. When the most prepotent goal is realized, the next higher need emerges. "Thus man is a perpetually wanting animal." Thwarting, actual or imminent, of these basic needs provides a psychological threat that leads to psychopathy.

  • 1941

  • Cohen Rosenfield, Leonora (1941): From Beast-Machine to Man-Machine. Animal Soul in French Letters from Descartes to La Mettrie. In: The Journal of Philosophy 38 (10). DOI: 10.2307/2018766

    Keywords: Disziplin, Eleonora Rosenfield, Grundlegendes und umfassende Theorien, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Mensch/Maschine (Maschinetheorie des Lebens), Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Philosophie, Reflexionen über MTR

  • 1939

  • Hunter, Estelle B. (1939) : Good manners In: Hunter, Estelle B.: Personality development: A practical self-teaching course comprising health, posture, dress, grooming, voice and speech, conversation, social and business etiquette, self-confidence, poise, living and working with others, acquiring background, improvement of mind and character, achieving success and happiness. Unit 5. Your way of life: Chicago: Better-Speech Institute of America, S. 37-96

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/14924-002 

    Abstract: Etiquette is sometimes thought of as an artificial and arbitrary set of rules and conventions that are irksome to follow, that hamper freedom and add unnecessarily to the complexity of life. As a matter of fact, the laws of social behavior, which we call good manners or etiquette, are not superimposed upon humanity; they have grown naturally out of human experience and need. They have developed through the ages and have become established because they make living and working together more agreeable. Etiquette is not the key to all our problems as social beings. Living and working successfully with others involves much more than mastery of the rules of etiquette. But etiquette does simplify life. Of all the lessons that we must learn in order to live successfully with others, the rules of etiquette are the easiest to master and for the effort expended probably bring the best return. This chapter discusses social, street, and business etiquette. (PsycINFO Database Record (c ) 2016 A PA, all rights reserved)

    Keywords: BUSINESS, Gesellschaft, Gruppenverhalten, hoch relevant, Manieren, Personality, Social Behavior, Verhaltensforschung

  • Hunter, Estelle B. (1939): Personality development: A practical self-teaching course comprising health, posture, dress, grooming, voice and speech, conversation, social and business etiquette, self-confidence, poise, living and working with others, acquiring background, improvement of mind and character, achieving success and happiness. Unit 5. Your way of life. Chicago: Better-Speech Institute of America

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/14924-000 

    Abstract: Etiquette is sometimes thought of as an artificial and arbitrary set of rules and conventions that are irksome to follow, that hamper freedom and add unnecessarily to the complexity of life. As a matter of fact, the laws of social behavior, which we call good manners or etiquette, are not superimposed upon humanity; they have grown naturally out of human experience and need. They have developed through the ages and have become established because they make living and working together more agreeable. Etiquette is not the key to all our problems as social beings. Living and working successfully with others involves much more than mastery of the rules of etiquette. But etiquette does simplify life. Of all the lessons that we must learn in order to live successfully with others, the rules of etiquette are the easiest to master and for the effort expended probably bring the best return. This chapter discusses social, street, and business etiquette. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

    Keywords: social behavior, social etiquette, street etiquette, business etiquette, good manners, Umgangsformen, Verhaltensforschung

  • Hunter, Estelle B. (1939): Personality development: A practical self-teaching course comprising health, posture, dress, grooming, voice and speech, conversation, social and business etiquette, self-confidence, poise, living and working with others, acquiring background, improvement of mind and character, achieving success and happiness. Unit 5. Your way of life. Chicago: Better-Speech Institute of America

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/14924-000 

    Keywords: Manieren

  • 1938

  • Ellis, Willis D. (1938): A Source Book Of Gestalt Psychology. London: Routledge & Kegan

    Keywords: Gestaltpsychologie
  • Wertheimer, Max (1938) : Gestalt Theory In: Ellis, Willis D.: A Source Book Of Gestalt Psychology: London: Routledge & Kegan, S. 1-12

    Keywords: Gestalttheorie

  • 1937

  • Penfield, Wilder; Boldrey, Edwin (1937): Somatic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation. In: Brain 60 (4), S. 389-443. DOI: 10.1093/brain/60.4.389

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/60.4.389 

  • Thorndike, R. L.; Stein, S. (1937): An evaluation of the attempts to measure social intelligence. In: Psychological Bulletin 34 (5), S. 275-285. DOI: 10.1037/h0053850

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0053850