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2017
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(2017): The phenomenology of self-presentation. Describing the structures of intercorporeality with Erving Goffman. In: Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 16 (2), S. 237-254. DOI: 10.1007/s11097-015-9447-6
Abstract: Self-presentation is a term that indicates conscious and unconscious strategies for controlling or managing how one is perceived by others in terms of both appearance and comportment. In this article, I will discuss the phenomenology of self-presentation with respect to the phenomenological insights of Edmund Husserl and Merleau-Ponty regarding the visibility of the body within intercorporeal relations through 'behaviour' and 'expression.' In doing so, I will turn to the work of the Canadian sociologist and social theorist Erving Goffman. Goffman's account of self-presentation suggests why embodied subjects adopt certain styles of ordered bodily behaviour as determined by the broader social order, giving existential and social significance to the ontological structures of intercorporeal bodily communication. Following Goffman, I will suggest that the embodied subject is continuously-and constitutionally-engaged in implicit and explicit strategies to manage how the body is presented to others. In articulating self-presentation as a feature of intercorporeality, my aim in this article is to use Goffman's insights to extend Husserl's and Merleau-Ponty's accounts of bodily communication by demonstrating that bodily communication that is instantiated at the level of intercorporeality is always expressed through social life with its various historical, cultural and linguistic dimensions.
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Kheddar, Abderrahmane; Yoshida, Eiichi; Ge, Shuzhi Sam; Suzuki, Kenji; Cabibihan, John-John; Eyssel, Friederike; He, Hongsheng (Hg.) (2017): Social Robotics. 9th International Conference, ICSR 2017, Tsukuba, Japan, November 22-24, 2017, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)
Abstract: Learning Affordances for Assistive Robots -- Initial Design, Implementation and Technical Evaluation of a Context-aware Proxemics Planner for a Social Robot -- An Image based Non-verbal Behaviour analysis of HRI -- Do Social Rewards from Robots Enhance Offline Improvements in Motor Skills? -- How the Timing and Magnitude of Robot Errors Influence Peoples' Trust of Robots in an Emergency Scenarios -- The Iterative Development of the Humanoid Robot Kaspar: An Assistive Robot for Children with Autism -- The Interaction Between Voice and Appearance in the Embodiment of a Robot Tutor -- Shape It - The Influence of Robot Body Shape on Gender Perception in Robots -- A Telepresence Robot in Residential Care: Family Increasingly Present, Personnel Worried about Privacy -- Influence of Robot's Interaction Style on Performance in a Stroop Task -- `Autistic Robots' for Embodied Emulation of Behaviors Typically Seen in Children with Different Autism Severities -- Learning Relationships between Objects and Places by Multimodal Spatial Concept with Bag of Objects -- There once was a Robot Storyteller: Measuring the Effects of Emotion and non-verbal Behaviour -- Field testing of the influence of assistive wear on the physical fitness of nursing-care workers -- Developing Interaction Scenarios with a Humanoid Robot to Encourage Visual Perspective Taking Skills in Children with Autism - Preliminary Proof of Concept Tests -- Human-like Hand Reaching by Motion Prediction using Long Short-Term Memory -- User's Personality and Activity Influence on HRI Comfortable Distances -- A Need for Service Robots among Health Care Professionals in Hospitals and Housing Services -- Do you think I approve of that? Designing facial expressions for a robot -- Robotic Device to Mediate Human-Human Hug-Driven Remote Communication -- RoMa: A Hi-tech Robotic Mannequin for the Fashion Industry -- Walk the talk: Gestures in mobile interaction -- Gaze Behavioral Adaptation towards Group Members for Providing Effective Recommendations -- Subtle Reaction and Response Time Effects in Human-Robot Touch Interaction -- Young EFL learners’ attitude towards RALL: an observational study focusing on motivation, anxiety, and interaction -- Design of a Cloud-Based Robotic Platform for Accompanying and Interacting with Humans -- Influence of Environmental Context on Recognition Rates -- Creating lively behaviors in social robots -- What Went Wrong and Why? Diagnosing Situated Interaction Failures in the Wild -- Toward 3D Printed Prosthetic Hands that can Satisfy Psychosocial Needs: Grasping Force Comparisons between a Prosthetic Hand and Human Hands -- Integrating a Humanoid Robot into ECHONET-based Smart Home Environments -- A Robot that Encourages Self-Disclosure by Hug -- Hand Gestures and Verbal Acknowledgments Improve Human-Robot Rapport -- Do Audio-Visual Stimuli Change Hug Impressions? -- Impact of Tutoring Strategies in Grounded Lexicon Learning -- Yes, Of Course? An Investigation on Obedience and Feelings of Shame towards a Robot -- Dance with me! Child-robot interaction in the wild -- Rethinking the Why of Socially Assistive Robotics through Design -- Role-oriented Designing: A Methodology to Designing for Appearance and Interaction Ways of Customized Professional Social Robots -- Exploring Users' Reactions Towards Tangible Implicit Probes for Measuring Human-Robot Engagement -- Gaze-Based Hints During Child - Robot GamePlay -- Gender Difference in Expectation for Domestic Robots: A Survey in Japan -- Motor Actions Predictions and Controls for the NAO Robot when Playing Hand Clapping Games -- The importance of mutual gaze in human-robot interaction -- About Decisions During Human-Robot Shared Plan Achievement: Who Should Act and How? -- Improving User's Performance by Motivation: Matching Robot Interaction Strategy with User's Regulatory State -- Social group motion in robots -- Shopping Mall Robots - Opportunities and Constraints from the Retailer and Manager Perspective -- Dynamic Gesture Recognition for Social Robots -- Embodiment, Privacy and Social Robots: May I remember you? -- A TV Chat Robot with Time-Shifting Function for Daily-Use Communication -- Naturalistic Conversational Gaze Control for Humanoid Robots - A First Step -- Design and Implementation of a Device Management System for Healthcare Assistive Robots: Sensor Manager System Version 2 -- Dialogue Design for a Robot-Based Face-Mirroring Game to Engage Autistic Children with Emotional Expressions -- Look but Don’t Stare: Mutual Gaze Interaction in Social Robots -- Recognition of Gestural Behaviors Expressed by a Humanoid Robotic Platform for Teaching Affect Recognition to Children with Autism - A Healthy Subjects Pilot Study -- A Visual Environment for Reactive Robot Programming of Macro-level Behaviors -- Hand in Hand with Robots: Differences between Experienced and Naive Users in Human-Robot Handover Scenarios -- Subjective Stress in Hybrid Collaboration -- Development of Control Mechanism for Safety Enhancement in Bilateral Control Robot Applications -- Understanding anthropomorphism: Anthropomorphism is not a reverse process of dehumanization -- An Evaluation Tool of the Effect of Robots in Eldercare on the Sense of Safety and Security -- Becoming Real: An Anthropological Approach to Evaluating Robots in the Real World -- Human Perceptions of the Severity of Domestic Robot Errors -- What Can We Learn from the Long-Term Users of a Social Robot? -- Adaptive Emotional Chatting Behavior to Increase the Sociability of Robots -- Measuring Children's Perceptions of Robots' Social Competence: Design and Validation -- Rule Extraction Method Considering Reliability for Synchronized Behavior of Group Robots in Multi-party Conversations -- Omnidirectional Traveling Instruction for Behavior Navigation -- News Application Adaptation based on User Sensory Profile -- Robot Compliant Behaviour with Mixed-Initiative Interaction in an Obstacle Avoidance Scenario -- "Xylotism": A Tablet-Based Application to Teach Music to Children with Autism -- Starting a Conversation by Multi-Robot Cooperative Behavior -- Adaptive Strategies for Multi-Party Interactions with Robots in Public Spaces This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Social Robotics, ICSR 2016, held in Tsukuba, Japan, in November 2017. The 74 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 110 submissions. The theme of the 2017 conference is: Embodied Interactive Robots. In addition to the technical sessions, ICSR 2017 included four workshops: 1) Social Robot Intelligence for Social Human-Robot Interaction of Service Robots; 2) Human Safety and Comfort in Human-Robot Interactive Social Environments; 3) Modes of Interaction for Social Robots (MISR 2017): Postures, Gestures and Microinteractions; and 4) Religion in Robotics
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(2017): Elaborating time in space. The structure and function of space-motion metaphors of time. In: LANGUAGE AND COGNITION 9 (2), S. 191-253
Abstract: This paper studies the principles according to which spatial and motion concepts metaphorically structure temporal concepts in some languages. There are two types of space–motion metaphor of time, distinguished by whether or not the metaphor is structured by a person’s perspective. “Christmas is approaching” and “We are approaching Christmas” are perspectival. “New Year’s follows Christmas” is not. This contrast in deixis and frame of reference is linguistically relevant whether the contrast has to do with imagination or external reality. Study of experiential motivations and analysis into primary metaphors helps reveal the particular ways spatial and motion concepts function in each type of metaphor. One focus is accounting for the contrasting temporal meanings that words for in-front and behind can have. For example, “Ahead of us” is later than Now, while “ahead of Christmas” is earlier than Christmas. We find that the temporal ‘directions’ expressed in the contrasting frames of reference are not opposites. Rather, they are motivated by different kinds of temporal experience. This project investigates the fundamental spatial relations that structure temporal concepts; for example co-location vs. separation. But since motion involves time, purely spatial structure is limited. Conceptual blending analysis reveals that the source and target frames of the perspectival metaphors share an aspectual – i.e., temporal – generic structure. Thus a dichotomy between ‘space’ and ‘time’ is of limited utility in describing space–motion metaphors of time. Instead, the analysis has to deal with the specific spatial and temporal concepts that function in each metaphor.
Keywords: Bewegungsbasiertes Verstehen, Deiktik, deixis, Embodiment, frame semantics, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Linguistik, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Sprache, Sprachgebrauch, Sprachverstehen, Status / biologische Marker, temporal concepts, Zeit in der Sprache, Zeit und raumzeitliche Bewegung, Zeitgefühl -
(2017): The Body, Technology and Translation. Mapping the Complexity of Online Embodiment. In: Sociological Research Online 22 (2), S. 1-13. DOI: 10.5153/sro.4322
Abstract: This theoretical article considers the potential for a revival of sociological interest in online embodiment by developing a conceptual alternative to the predominant framework of self-presentation, and showing how social theory may benefit from exploration of this field. It starts by critically reviewing the discussion on online embodiment, pointing out its theoretical shortcomings, and arguing that they result from the difficulty that social theory has with accounting for the increased ontological complexity of embodiment induced by the pervasiveness of digital technologies. Treating a theory of practice as an inspiring perspective, it then adapts the notion of translation as a general term capable of grasping the complex relationships between physical bodies, digital technologies, reflexive selves and the social aspects of online embodiment. An important advantage of this concept is that it makes it possible to see the role of technology as constitutive without losing the sociological perspective, and encompasses a wide range of contemporary body-technology interactions. Furthermore, it also has the potential to foster a sociological understanding of the relationships between bodily, technological, mindful and social elements, and to do so without slipping into reductionism.
2016
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Agah, Arvin; Cabibihan, John-John; Howard, Ayanna M.; Salichs, Miguel A.; He, Hongsheng (Hg.) (2016): Social robotics. 8th international conference, ICSR 2016, Kansas City, MO, USA, November 1-3, 2016 : proceedings. Icsr; International Conference on Social Robotics. Cham: Springer International Publishing (Lecture notes in computer science Lecture notes in artificial intelligence)
Abstract: Learning robot navigation behaviors by demonstration using a RRT* planner -- Adaptive Robot Assisted Therapy using Interactive Reinforcement Learning -- Personalization Framework for Adaptive Robotic Feeding Assistance -- A Framework for Modelling Local Human-Robot Interactions based on unsupervised learning -- Using Games to Learn Games: Game Theory Representations as a source for Guided Social Learning -- User Evaluation of an Interactive Learning Framework for Single-Arm and Dual-Arm Robots -- Formalizing Normative Robot Behavior -- Decision-Theoretic Human-Robot Interaction: Designing Reasonable and Rational Robot Behavior -- Physiologically Inspired Blinking Behavior for a Humanoid Robot -- Infinite personality space for non-fungible robots -- Investigating the Differences in Effects of the Persuasive Message's Timing During Science Learning to Overcome the Cognitive Dissonance -- Investigating the Effects of the Persuasive Source's Social Agency Level and the Student's Profile to Overcome the Cognitive Dissonance -- Responsive Social Agents; Feedback-sensitive behavior generation for social interactions -- A Human-Robot Competition: Towards Evaluating Robots' Reasoning Abilities for HRI -- The Effects of Cognitive Biases in Long-term Human-Robot Interactions: Case Studies using three Cognitive Biases on MARC the Humanoid Robot -- Ethical Decision Making in Robots: Autonomy, Trust and Responsibility -- How Facial Expressions and Small Talk May Influence Trust in a Robot -- A Study on Trust in a Robotic Suitcase -- How Much Should a Robot Trust the User Feedback? Analyzing the Impact of Verbal Answers in Active Learning -- Recommender Interfaces: the More Human-like, the More Humans Like -- Designing a Social Robot to Assist in Medication Sorting -- Other-oriented Robot Deception: How can a robot's deceptive feedback help humans in HRI? -- Ethically-Guided Emotional Responses for Social Robots : Should I be Angry? -- Interactive Navigation of Mobile Robots Based on Human‘s Emotion -- Social Human-Robot Interaction: a new Cognitive and Affective Interaction-Oriented Architecture -- MuDERI: Multimodal Database for Emotion Recognition among Intellectually Disabled Individuals -- “How is his/her mood”: A Question that a Companion Robot may be able to answer -- Emotion in Robots Using Convolutional Neural Networks -- Rhythmic Timing in Playful Human-Robot Social Motor Coordination -- The effects of an impolite vs. a polite robot playing rock-paper-scissors -- Qualitative User Reactions to a Hand-Clapping Humanoid Robot -- Nonlinear Controller of Arachnid Mechanism Based on Theo Jansen -- Designing and Assessing Expressive Open-Source Faces for the Baxter Robot -- Spontaneous Human-Robot Emotional Interaction through Facial Expressions -- Functional and Non-Functional Expressive Dimensions: Classification of the Expressiveness of Humanoid Robots -- Facing Emotional Reactions Towards a Robot - An Experimental Study Using FACS -- Head and Face Design for a new Humanoid Service Robot -- The Influence of Robot Appearance and Interactive Ability in HRI: A Cross-Cultural Study -- Congruency matters - How ambiguous gender cues increase a robot's uncanniness -- Collaborative Visual Object Tracking via Hierarchical Structure -- Data Augmentation for Object Recognition of Dynamic Learning Robot -- Rotational Coordinate Transformation for Visual-Inertial Sensor Fusion -- Developing an Interactive Gaze Algorithm for Android Robots -- Recovery Behavior of Artificial Skin Materials after Object Contact -- One-shot evaluation of the control interface of a robotic arm by non-experts -- A Novel Parallel Pinching and Self-adaptive Grasping Robotic Hand -- PCSS Hand: An Underactuated Robotic Hand with a Novel Parallel-Coupled Switchable Self-adaptive Grasp -- JLST Hand: A Novel Powerful Self-Adaptive Underactuated Hand with Joint-Locking and Spring-Tendon Mechanisms -- Path Analysis for the Halo Effect of Touch Sensations of Robots on Their Personality Impressions -- A Human-robot speech interface for an autonomous marine teammate -- Annotation of Utterances for Conversational Nonverbal Behaviors -- Identifying Engagement from Joint Kinematics Data for Robot Therapy Prompt Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder -- Social Robots and Teaching Music to Autistic Children: Myth or Reality? -- Development of an ABA Autism Intervention Delivered by a Humanoid Robot -- Interactive Therapy Approach through Collaborative Physical Play between a Socially Assistive Humanoid Robot and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder -- Examine the Potential of Robots to Teach Autistic Children Emotional Concepts: A Preliminary Study -- Longitudinal Impact of Autonomous Robot-mediated Joint Attention Intervention for Young Children with ASD -- Culture as a Driver for the Design of Social Robots for Autism Spectrum Disorder Interventions in the Middle East -- Robo2Box: A Toolkit to Elicit Children's Design Requirements for Classroom Robots -- Interaction with Artificial Companions: Presentation of an Exploratory Study -- Design and Development of Dew: An Emotional Social-Interactive Robot -- RASA: A Low-Cost Upper-Torso Social Robot Acting as a Sign Language Teaching Assistant -- Robust Children Behavior Tracking for Childcare Assisting Robot By Using Multiple Kinect Sensors -- Learning with or from the Robot: Exploring Robot Roles in Educational Context with Children -- Automatic Adaptation of Online Language Lessons for Robot Tutoring -- Robots in the Classroom: What Teachers Think about Teaching and Learning with Education Robots -- The Influence of a Social Robot’s Persona on how it is Perceived and Accepted by Elderly Users -- From Social Practices to Social Robots - User-Driven Robot Development in Elder Care -- Co-design and robots: a case study of a robot dog for aging people -- An Effort to Develop a Web-Based approach to Assess the Need for Robots Among the Elderly -- Predicting the intention of human activities for real-time human-robot interaction (HRI) -- The ENRICHME Project: Lessons Learnt from a First Interaction with the Elderly -- Design and Implementation of a Task-oriented Robot for Power Substation -- The MuMMER project: Engaging human-robot interaction in real-world public spaces -- Introducing IOmi - A Female Robot Hostess for Guidance in a University Environment -- Colleague or Tool?: Interactivity Increases Positive Perceptions of and Willingness to Interact With a Robotic Co-Worker -- Help Me! Sharing of Instructions Between Remote and Heterogeneous Robots -- Enabling Symbiotic Autonomy in Short-Term Interactions: a User Study -- Conceptual framework for RoboDoc: A New Social Robot for Research Assistantship -- Mechanical design of Christine, the friendly social robot for the service industry -- Influence of user’s personality on task execution when reminded by a robot -- Comparing Ways to Trigger Migration between a Robot and a Virtually Embodied Character -- Does the Safety Demand Characteristic Influence Human-Robot Interaction? -- On Designing Socially Acceptable Reward Shaping -- Motivational Effects of Acknowledging Feedback from a Socially Assistive Robot -- Who am I? What are You? Identity Construction in Encounters between a Teleoperated Robot and People with Acquired Brain Injury -- Contribution towards Evaluating the Practicability of Socially Assistive Robots - by Example of a Mobile Walking Coach Robot -- Philosophy of Social Robotics: Abundance Economics -- Toward a Hybrid Society: The transformation of robots, from objects to social agents -- Iterative Design of a System for Programming Socially Interactive Service Robots -- Engagement Detection During Deictic References In Human Robot Interaction -- Making Turn-taking Decisions for an Active Listening Robot for Memory Training -- Look at me now: Investigating delayed disengagement for ambiguous human-robot stimuli -- Concurrency Simulation in Soccer -- Let the User Decide! User Preferences regarding Functions, Apps, and Interfaces of a Smart Home and a Service Robot -- Welcome to the Future - How Naïve Users Intuitively Address an intelligent Robotics Apartment -- Better than Human: About the Psychological Superpowers of Robots -- A Method for Establishing Correspondences between Hand-Drawn and Sensor-Generated Maps This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Social Robotics, ICSR 2016, held in Kansas City, MO, USA, in November 2016. The 98 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 107 submissions. The theme of the 2016 conference is Sociorobotics: Design and implementation of social behaviors of robots interacting with each other and humans. In addition to technical sessions, ICSR 2016 included three workshops: The Synthetic Method in Social Robotics (SMSR 2016), Social Robots: A Tool to Advance Interventions for Autism, and Using Social Robots to Improve the Quality of Life in the Elderly
2014
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Beetz, Michael; Johnston, Benjamin; Williams, Mary-Anne (Hg.) (2014): Social robotics. 6th international conference, ICSR 2014, Sydney, NSW, Australia, October 27 - 29, 2014 ; proceedings. Icsr; International Conference on Social Robotics. Cham: Springer (Lecture notes in computer science Lecture notes in artificial intelligence)
Abstract: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Social Robotics, ICSR 2014, held in Sydney, NSW, Australia, in October 2014. The 41 revised full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. Amongst others, topics covered are such as interaction and collaboration among robots, humans, and environments; robots to assist the elderly and persons with disabilities; socially assistive robots to improve quality of life; affective and cognitive sciences for socially interactive robots; personal robots for the home; social acceptance and impact in the society; robot ethics in human society and legal implications; context awareness, expectation, and intention understanding; control architectures for social robotics; socially appealing design methodologies; safety in robots working in human spaces; human augmentation, rehabilitation, and medical robots; robot applications in education, entertainment, and gaming; knowledge representation and reasoning frameworks for robot social intelligence; cognitive architectures that support social intelligence for robots; robots in the workplace; human-robot interaction; creative and entertaining robots
2013
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(2013): On the cultural character of metaphor. Some reflections on Universality and Culture-specificity in the language and cognition of time, especially in Amerindian languages. In: REVIEW OF COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS 11 (1), S. 1-35. DOI: 10.1075/rcl.11.1.01ber
Abstract: The paper is devoted to an analysis of the relation between language and culture in the context of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). Section 2 deals in an explicitly critical way with some problems in the concept of "culture" as used in "mainstream" schools of CL. Section 3 offers a brief review of the problems involved in the studies on the concept of "time" and its metaphors. Section 4 reviews some interpretations of the concept of "time" in Amerindian cultures. Section 5 analyses the linguistic expression of time in Quechua, in an attempt to (dis)confirm the "past in front" conceptualisation proposed by some researchers for the (geographically and culturally close, but genetically unrelated) Aymara language. Some final conclusions follow.
2012
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(2012): The Playful Machine. Theoretical Foundation and Practical Realization of Self-Organizing Robots. 1. Aufl.. s.l.: Springer-Verlag (Cognitive Systems Monographs, 15). Online verfügbar unter http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10524659
Abstract: Autonomous robots may become our closest companions in the near future. While the technology for physically building such machines is already available today, a problem lies in the generation of the behavior for such complex machines. Nature proposes a solution: young children and higher animals learn to master their complex brain-body systems by playing. Can this be an option for robots? How can a machine be playful? The book provides answers by developing a general principle - homeokinesis, the dynamical symbiosis between brain, body, and environment - that is shown to drive robots to self-d Georg Martius
2009
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(2009): The Design of an Expressive Humanlike Socially Assistive Robot. In: Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics 1 (1). DOI: 10.1115/1.2959097
Abstract: It is anticipated that the use of assistive robots will be one of the most important service applications of robotic systems of the future. In this paper, the development of a unique noncontact socially assistive robot consisting of a humanlike demeanor is presented for utilization in hospital wards and nursing/veteran homes to study its role and impact on the well-being of patients, addressing patient's needs and its overall effect on the quality of patient care. The robot will be an embodied entity that will participate in hands-off noncontact social interaction with a patient during the convalescence, rehabilitation, or end-of-life care stage. The robot has been designed as a platform to incorporate the three design parameters of embodiment, emotion, and nonverbal communication to encourage natural human-robot interactions. Herein, we present the overall mechanical design of the socially assistive robot focusing mainly on the development of the actuation system of the face, head, and upper body. In particular, we propose the development of a unique muscle actuation mechanism for the robotic face to allow for the display of rich facial expressions during social assistive interaction scenarios. The novelty of the actuation system is in its use of the dependency of facial muscle activity to minimize the number of individual actuators required to control the robotic face.
Keywords: Design, Disziplin, Embodiment, emotion, Gesicht und assoziierte Zuschreibungen, Gesichtsausdruck, Gestik/Mimik, Ingenieurswissenschaft, Interaktionspartner, Mensch oder Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Nonverbal communication, Nonverbale Kommunikation, Realtechnik, Serviceroboter, Simulation von Emotionen im Gesichtsausdruck, Soziale Robotik, Technik, Übermitteln von Gefühlen/Emotionen 2006
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(2006): Autonomous interactive intermediaries. Social intelligence for mobile communication agents. ProQuest Information & Learning, US.
Abstract: Today's cellphones are passive communication portals. They are neither aware of our conversational settings, nor of the relationship between caller and callee, and often interrupt us at inappropriate times. This thesis is about adding elements of human style social intelligence to our mobile communication devices in order to make them more socially acceptable to both user and local others. I suggest the concept of an Autonomous Interactive Intermediary that assumes the role of an actively mediating party between caller, callee, and co-located people. In order to behave in a socially appropriate way, the Intermediary interrupts with non-verbal cues and attempts to harvest 'residual social intelligence' from the calling party, the called person, the people close by, and its current location. For example, the Intermediary obtains the user's conversational status from a decentralized network of autonomous body-worn sensor nodes. These nodes detect conversational groupings in real time, and provide the Intermediary with the user's conversation size and talk-to-listen ratio. The Intermediary can 'poll' all participants of a face-to-face conversation about the appropriateness of a possible interruption by slightly vibrating their wirelessly actuated finger rings. Although the alerted people do not know if it is their own cellphone that is about to interrupt, each of them can veto the interruption anonymously by touching his/her ring. If no one vetoes, the Intermediary may interrupt. A user study showed significantly more vetoes during a collaborative group-focused setting than during a less group oriented setting. The Intermediary is implemented as a both a conversational agent and an animatronic device. The animatronics is a small wireless robotic stuffed animal in the form of a squirrel, bunny, or parrot. The purpose of the embodiment is to employ intuitive non-verbal cues such as gaze and gestures to attract attention, instead of ringing or vibration. Evidence suggests that such subtle yet public alerting by animatronics evokes significantly different reactions than ordinary telephones and are seen as less invasive by others present when we receive phone calls. The Intermediary is also a dual conversational agent that can whisper and listen to the user, and converse with a caller, mediating between them in real time. The Intermediary modifies its conversational script depending on caller identity, caller and user choices, and the conversational status of the user. It interrupts and communicates with the user when it is socially appropriate, and may break down a synchronous phone call into chunks of voice instant messages. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2002
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(2002): From embodied to socially embedded agents – Implications for interaction-aware robots. In: COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH 3 (3), S. 397-428. DOI: 10.1016/S1389-0417(02)00050-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-0417(02)00050-5 Abstract: First, this article proposes a minimal definition of embodiment that can be applied across animals and artefacts. We discuss the potential contributions of this operational definition with respect to assessing and measuring the degree of embodiment in different biological and artificial systems. Second, we outline how this definition can be extended to lead to the particular notion of social embeddedness. Socially embedded agents are structurally coupled with their social environment, in that their sensorimotor activity is grounded in the social environment that the agent is surrounded by. Lastly, based on research in the social sciences on human–human interaction, we discuss perceptual requirements for interaction-aware robotic agents—agents whose identification and interpretation of the (social) environment is facilitated by awareness of the structure of agent–agent interactions (including humans ‘in the loop’). We suggest relevant concepts and heuristics that can contribute to studies of degrees of embodiment of robots that interact with social environments. Manipulating and systematically investigating these heuristics permits variation of the degree of embodiment of such interaction-aware robots.
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