Alle Publikationen
2017
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(2017): Self-Interest and the Design of Rules. In: Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.) 28 (4), S. 457-480. DOI: 10.1007/s12110-017-9298-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-017-9298-7 Abstract: Rules regulating social behavior raise challenging questions about cultural evolution in part because they frequently confer group-level benefits. Current multilevel selection theories contend that between-group processes interact with within-group processes to produce norms and institutions, but within-group processes have remained underspecified, leading to a recent emphasis on cultural group selection as the primary driver of cultural design. Here we present the self-interested enforcement (SIE) hypothesis, which proposes that the design of rules importantly reflects the relative enforcement capacities of competing parties. We show that, in addition to explaining patterns in cultural change and stability, SIE can account for the emergence of much group-functional culture. We outline how this process can stifle or accelerate cultural group selection, depending on various social conditions. Self-interested enforcement has important bearings on the emergence, stability, and change of rules. zitiert von 5
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(2017): Husserl et Scheler. De la double intentionnalité de valeur à l’intentionnalité sociale. In: Revue philosophique de la France et de l'étranger 142 (3). DOI: 10.3917/rphi.173.0341Keywords: Ohne Abstract oder Text
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(2017): Encouraging Prosocial Decisions. The Role of Fairness Salience and Uncertainty. In: Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 30 (2), S. 502-515. DOI: 10.1002/bdm.1970
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.1970 Abstract: Although the decision to engage in prosocial behavior has received research attention, the literature offers a limited understanding of fairness and uncertainty as antecedents. We propose that one can encourage prosocial decision making simply by invoking the notion of fairness because of its effects on the perceived trustworthiness of the invoking party. We also elucidate the complex role of uncertainty in prosocial decisions in that it has a negative effect while also serving to strengthen the positive effect of fairness salience. Our ideas are tested in two prosocial decision contexts, including participative pricing (i.e., 'pay what you want') and charitable giving. Data from an archival study of a naturally occurring event and two controlled experiments offer support for our arguments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): SENTIMENTS, CONDUCT, AND TRUST IN THE LABORATORY. In: Social Philosophy and Policy 34 (01), S. 25-55. DOI: 10.1017/S0265052517000024
Abstract: In this essay we provide a brief account and interpretation of The Theory of Moral Sentiments showing that it departs fundamentally from contemporary patterns of thought in economics that are believed to govern individual behavior in small groups, and contains strong testable propositions governing the expression of that behavior. We also state a formal representation of the model for individual choice of action, apply the propositions to the prediction of actions in trust games, report two experiments testing these predictions, and interpret the results in terms directly related to the model. In short, we argue that the system of sociability developed by Adam Smith provides a coherent non-utilitarian model that is consistent with the pattern of results in trust games, and leads to testable new predictions, some of which we test.
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(2017): The depicted service employee in marketing communications. An empirical assessment of the impact of facial happiness. In: Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 38, S. 186-193. DOI: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.06.006
Abstract: Employees are often depicted in service firms' marketing communications material. This study examines one particular aspect of such depictions: the signaling of happiness in terms of the employees' facial expressions. It is assumed that depicted faces transmit emotional signals, that receivers are hardwired to react to such signals, and that the emotional signals influence the outcomes of the receivers' information processing activities. Our empirical results show that this was indeed the case: employee display of happiness was positively and significantly associated with employee evaluations. The contribution of employee happiness remained significant when other characteristics of the depicted face (e.g., attractiveness) were controlled for. Our results also show that employee evaluations had a positive impact on the overall evaluation of the offer of the employee's firm, and that the employee evaluations mediated the association between employee display of happiness and the evaluation of the offer.
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(2017): Disappointment expression evokes collective guilt and collective action in intergroup conflict. The moderating role of legitimacy perceptions. In: Cognition & emotion 31 (6), S. 1112-1126. DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2016.1197098
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27351316 Abstract: Research on intergroup emotions has largely focused on the experience of emotions and surprisingly little attention has been given to the expression of emotions. Drawing on the social-functional approach to emotions, we argue that in the context of intergroup conflicts, outgroup members' expression of disappointment with one's ingroup induces the complementary emotion of collective guilt and correspondingly a collective action protesting ingroup actions against the outgroup. In Study 1 conducted immediately after the 2014 Gaza war, Jewish-Israeli participants received information about outgroup's (Palestinians) expression of emotions (disappointment, fear, or none). As predicted, outgroup's expression of disappointment increased collective guilt and willingness to participate in collective action, but only among those who saw the intergroup situation as illegitimate. Moreover, collective guilt mediated the relationship between disappointment expression and collective action, moderated, again, by legitimacy perception. In Study 2, we replicated these results in the context of racial tension between Black and White Americans in the US. We discuss the theoretical and applied implications of the findings. zitiert von 7
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(2017): The Brown and Levinson theory revisited. A statistical analysis. In: Language Sciences 62, S. 66-75. DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2017.03.006
Abstract: The Brown and Levinson (1987) theory posits that the combination of social distance, power ratio, and task imposition determine politeness weightiness perception regardless of the culture. In order to test the effects of culture, I conducted statistical analyses using subjects with American, East Asian, and Latin American cultural backgrounds. The results reveal that task imposition does not have a statistically significant impact on the speaker's determination of politeness weightiness in East Asia while it does in the US and Latin America. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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(2017): Preferred Interpersonal Distances. A Global Comparison. In: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 48 (4), S. 577-592. DOI: 10.1177/0022022117698039
Abstract: Compared preferred interpersonal distances across the world in an extensive analysis over a large data set of 8,943 participants aged 17-88 years from 42 countries. The present study aimed to relate the preferred social, personal, and intimate distances observed in each country to a set of individual characteristics of the participants (age, gender), and some environmental and sociopsychological attributes of their cultures - parasite stress, population growth rate, ingroup favoritism, average annual temperature, and human development index (HDI). Participants rated interpersonal distance on graphic scales by indicating how near a stranger, acquaintance, or close person could approach them so they would feel comfortable in a conversation with them. Results show that individual characteristics (age and gender) influenced interpersonal space preferences and that some variation in results could be explained by temperature in a given region. Women preferred a greater distance with strangers and acquaintances, older people preferred greater distance with acquaintances and close persons. The higher the temperature, the closer the preferred distance to strangers; however, this relationship was reversed for close persons: Here, the preferred personal distance became greater for higher temperatures. Objective values of preferred interpersonal distances in different regions are presented, which might be used as a reference data point in future studies. zitiert von 8
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(2017): Servant Leadership and the Effect of the Interaction Between Humility, Action, and Hierarchical Power on Follower Engagement. In: Journal of Business Ethics 141 (1), S. 13-25. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-015-2725-y
Abstract: Servant leadership has been theorized as a model where the moral virtue of humility co-exists with action-driven behavior. This article provides an empirical study that tests how these two apparently paradoxical aspects of servant leadership interact in generating follower engagement, while considering the hierarchical power of the leader as a contingency variable. Through a three-way moderation model, a study was conducted based on a sample of 232 people working in a diverse range of companies. The first finding is that humble leaders showed the highest impact on follower engagement regardless of their hierarchical position. Less humble leaders in lower hierarchical positions seem to be able to compensate for that through a strong action-oriented leadership style. Most notably for leaders in high hierarchical positions, the moral virtue of humility seems to strengthen the impact of their action-oriented leadership the most. These findings provide empirical support and a better understanding of the interplay between the moral virtue of humility and the action-oriented behaviors of servant leadership.
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(2017): How we think and act together. In: Philosophical Psychology 30 (3), S. 302-318. DOI: 10.1080/09515089.2017.1295640
Abstract: In this paper, I examine the challenges socially extended minds pose for mainstream, individualistic accounts of social cognition. I argue that individualistic accounts of social cognition neglect phenomena important to social cognition that are properly emphasized by socially extended mind accounts. Although I do not think the evidence or arguments warrant replacing individualistic explanations of social cognition with socially extended explanations, I argue that we have good reason to supplement our individualistic accounts so as to include the ways in which situational context affects social interactions. The result, I hope, is a more sophisticated individualism that offers a more comprehensive account of how we think and act together.
Keywords: Embedded cognition, situated cognition, social cognition, stereotypes, collective agency, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, JOINT ACTION, Joint Action / Collective Agency, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Philosophical Psychology, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Socially extended mind, Soziale Motivation kollektiven Handelns, soziale Kognition, Spezifika von Menschen -
(2017): Bewertungsspiele. Von der Handlungs- zur Koordinationstheorie. In: KOLNER ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SOZIOLOGIE UND SOZIALPSYCHOLOGIE 69 (1), S. 1-26. DOI: 10.1007/s11577-016-0401-6
Abstract: Unsolved problems in the theory of action spread at the level of the coordination social activities. If action theories work with shortened "models of man" also the answers to questions about the possibility of social order, of hierarchie and of the cooperation on the market fall short of requirements. Goal attainment and social recognition are two widely disparate theoretical cornerstones on which hitherto separate theoretical buildings were raised. By contrast, a concept of the social game, which should be introduce here, connects the both moments: Games are goal-oriented interactions in which people recognize themselves mutually. The game player can recognize each other only in the sense that the game is normative regulated. The goal-orientation is thus normative broken. The social recognition is, however, relateled to and relativized by the game success. The theorem of the social game offers solutions to the problem of action coordination in the hierarchy and on the market.
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(2017): Don’t stare at me: The impact of a humanoid robot’s gaze upon trust during a cooperative human–robot visual task. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 9 (5), S. 745-753. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-017-0422-y
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-017-0422-y Abstract: Gaze is an important tool for social communication. Gaze can influence trust, likability, and compliance. However, excessive gaze in some contexts can signal threat, dominance and aggression, and hence complex social rules govern the appropriate use of gaze. Using a between-subjects design we investigated the impact of three levels of robot gaze (averted, constant and ’situational’) upon participants’ likelihood of trusting a humanoid robot’s opinion in a cooperative visual tracking task. The robot, acting as a confederate, would disagree with participants’ responses on certain trials, and suggest a different answer. As constant, staring gaze between strangers is associated with dominance and threat, and averted gaze is associated with lying, we predicted participants would be most likely to be persuaded by a robot which only gazed during disagreements (’situational gaze’). However, gender effects were found, with females least likely to trust a robot which stared at them, and no significant differences between averted gaze and situational gaze. Implications and future work are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Venturing into the uncanny valley of mind—The influence of mind attribution on the acceptance of human-like characters in a virtual reality setting. In: Cognition 160, S. 43-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2016.12.010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.12.010 Abstract: For more than 40years, the uncanny valley model has captivated researchers from various fields of expertise. Still, explanations as to why slightly imperfect human-like characters can evoke feelings of eeriness remain the subject of controversy. Many experiments exploring the phenomenon have emphasized specific visual factors in connection to evolutionary psychological theories or an underlying categorization conflict. More recently, studies have also shifted away focus from the appearance of human-like entities, instead exploring their mental capabilities as basis for observers' discomfort. In order to advance this perspective, we introduced 92 participants to a virtual reality (VR) chat program and presented them with two digital characters engaged in an emotional and empathic dialogue. Using the same pre-recorded 3D scene, we manipulated the perceived control type of the depicted characters (human-controlled avatars vs. computer-controlled agents), as well as their alleged level of autonomy (scripted vs. self-directed actions). Statistical analyses revealed that participants experienced significantly stronger eeriness if they perceived the empathic characters to be autonomous artificial intelligences. As human likeness and attractiveness ratings did not result in significant group differences, we present our results as evidence for an “uncanny valley of mind“ that relies on the attribution of emotions and social cognition to non-human entities. A possible relationship to the philosophy of anthropocentrism and its “threat to human distinctiveness” concept is discussed.
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(2017): Making sense of words. A robotic model for language abstraction. In: Autonomous Robots 41 (2), S. 367-383. DOI: 10.1007/s10514-016-9587-8
Abstract: Building robots capable of acting independently in unstructured environments is still a challenging task for roboticists. The capability to comprehend and produce language in a 'human-like' manner represents a powerful tool for the autonomous interaction of robots with human beings, for better understanding situations and exchanging information during the execution of tasks that require cooperation. In this work, we present a robotic model for grounding abstract action words (i.e. USE, MAKE) through the hierarchical organization of terms directly linked to perceptual and motor skills of a humanoid robot. Experimental results have shown that the robot, in response to linguistic commands, is capable of performing the appropriate behaviors on objects. Results obtained in case of inconsistency between the perceptual and linguistic inputs have shown that the robot executes the actions elicited by the seen object.
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(2017): Grandparent education for assisted living facilities. In: Educational Gerontology 43 (1), S. 11-20. DOI: 10.1080/03601277.2016.1231518
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2016.1231518 Abstract: The assisted living population is forecast to increase at a rapid rate. Quality of life for residents should be improved by giving greater attention to their cognitive, emotional, and social needs. A university lifespan development team provided a grandparent education course at a large assisted living facility with the assistance of 20 resident volunteers (ages 77–91). The volunteers were trained to guide small classes. Scheduling allowed participants to attend 90-minute sessions; average weekly attendance was 65 residents. Cooperative learning principles were introduced to govern the processes used for class instruction and ensure mental stimulation. The guidebook lessons included grandparents giving and seeking advice, understanding child and adolescent development, goals and expectations of modern families, recognizing parent success, managing family conflicts, learning in later life, drugs and sex, living in single and blended families, and the influence of media and technology. Participants also volunteered as teacher assistants in elementary schools because they wanted to help children and better understand changes taking place in schools. Most participants reported that the major benefits were developing a supportive social network in the facility and acquiring group communication skills. Performance on the Teamwork Skills Inventory confirmed learning in the social context. The year-long program demonstrated that people in the oldest age group can benefit from a cost-free strategy for education about family development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Increased social distance makes people more risk-neutral. In: The Journal of Social Psychology 157 (4), S. 502-512. DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2016.1242471
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27685243 Abstract: Individuals are consistently observed to be risk-averse over gains and risk-seeking over losses. This study examined whether increased social distance would change these behavioral patterns. To test our hypothesis, social distance was manipulated by asking the participants to make decisions either for themselves or for another person (Experiment 1), either for a known person or for an unknown person (Experiment 2), and either for a close friend or for a distant friend (Experiment 3). The results of Experiments 1 and 3 showed that increased social distance made people more risk-neutral, and such an effect was stronger in the gain domain than in the loss domain. However, the effect of social distance was not observed in Experiment 2. These findings suggest that risk preferences are influenced by the social distance between decision makers and beneficiaries. zitiert von 4
Keywords: Adult, Decision Making, distance, Female, Humans, Male, Risk-Taking, Social Distance, Sozialpsychologie, Verhaltensforschung, Young Adult -
(2017): Ali Baba and the Thief, Convention Emergence in Games. In: Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 20 (3), S. 1-6. DOI: 10.18564/jasss.3421
Abstract: In this paper we propose a model that supports the emergence of conventions via multi-agent learning in social networks. In our model, individual agents repeatedly interact with their neighbours in a game called Ali Baba and the Thief. An agent learns its strategy to play the game using the learning rule imitate-the-best. We show that some conventions prescribing peaceful behaviours can emerge after repeated interactions among agents inhabited in some social networks. Our experiments suggest that there are critical points of convention emergence in Ali Baba and the Thief. When the quotient of the amount of robbery and the initial utility is smaller than the critical point, the probability of convention emergence is high. The probability drops dramatically as long as the quotient is larger than the critical point.
Keywords: Computerspielwissenschaft, Design, Disziplin, Favoriten, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Konventionen, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Modelle/Theorien, Norm negotiation model, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Realtechnik, Soziale Angemessenheit, Technik, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten -
(2017): Developing minority leaders. Key success factors of Asian Americans. In: Asian American Journal of Psychology 8 (2), S. 142-155
Abstract: Traditional leadership programs may not address the unique developmental needs of ethnic minorities. Whereas traditional leadership development is based on the assumptions, values, and behaviors of the Western mainstream ideals, our research uses a culture-specific approach to understand the unique needs of ethnic minority leaders, namely, Asian Americans. We focus on Asian Americans because they are least represented in U.S. management ranks, despite having the most education, training, and work experience. Our central research question is 'What are the key success factors of Asian American leaders?' Qualitative interviews with 39 key informants (of East Asian descent, and 2 non-Asian Americans), ranging from middle managers to CEOs, at Fortune 500 companies, representing a variety of industries (accounting, aerospace, banking, digital imaging, energy, entertainment, food service, health care, medical, retail, technology, and telecommunication) identified 8 key success factors (i.e., qualities that promote upward mobility in the management hierarchy): cultural acumen, rules of success, leadership branding, communication, social decorum, leadership aspiration, career determinism, and cultural inclusion. Each success factor was defined, along with identification of its key issues, causes, consequences, and actions taken for cultivating the success factors. Results offer guidance for individual leadership development and for organizations to develop culture-specific leadership interventions that complement current mainstream training approaches. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) What is the public significance of this article?—First of its kind qualitative study with 39 executives (middle managers to CEOs) identified 8 key success factors of Asian American leaders (i.e., qualities that promote upward mobility): cultural acumen, rules of success, leadership branding, communication, social decorum, leadership aspiration, career determinism, and cultural inclusion. Results offer guidance for individual leadership development and for organizations to develop culture-specific leadership interventions that complement current mainstream training approaches. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Emotional intelligence predicts peer-rated social competence above and beyond personality traits. In: Current Issues in Personality Psychology 5 (2), S. 91-101. DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2017.64490
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2017.64490 Abstract: Background: This study investigated the relationship between trait emotional intelligence (EI) and social competences (SC), which determine effective functioning in three types of social situations: intimate situations, situations of social exposure and situations requiring self-assertion. Social competences were assessed using a peer nomination method. It was hypothesized that trait EI predicts SC above and beyond personality traits. Participants and Procedure: Data were collected from among 111 adolescents (46.95% girls). The study was conducted among five classes from three public high schools. Participants first completed the Personality Inventory NEO-FFI and the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF). Subsequently, the descriptions of three different persons were presented to the participants. Each description concerned one of the SC: intimate competence, social exposure competence and assertive competence. Participants were asked to nominate three classmates who suited each description best. Results: A series of hierarchical regression analyses was performed. Personality traits and trait EI were regressed on each competence. Analyses involved two-step hierarchical regressions, entering personality traits at step 1 and adding trait EI at step 2. The results demonstrated that personality traits explained a substantial portion of the variance in each SC. Beyond these variables, trait EI was significant as a predictor of nominations for each SC, explaining an additional amount of the unique variance. Conclusions: The results complement existing evidence that trait EI contributes to successful social functioning. The relationships between trait EI and SC remained statistically significant even after controlling for Big Five variance. The results demonstrate incremental validity of trait EI over and above personality traits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Linguistic Deception of Chinese Cyber Fraudsters. In: 3L The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies 23 (3), S. 108-122. DOI: 10.17576/3L-2017-2303-08
Abstract: Cybercrimes are on the increase in China and 'QQ', an instant messenger platform, is frequently exploited for these crimes. Fraudsters manipulate language to deceive users into revealing their bank accounts or depositing sums in the cheats' accounts. Employing the theoretical framework that includes Speech Act Theory and Politeness Theory, the researchers attempted to identify the strategies used by such fraudsters. The subjects of this study included 50 interlocutors who had already chatted with different online cheats and had a record of their conversations. The data were collected and analysed on the basis of the type of discourse themes displayed. Findings indicated that the chats displayed various themes like Business Invitation, Money Transfer, Account Hacking and Online Shopping. In addition, the three levels of speech acts of locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary were discernible and most fraudsters did not bother to address face threatening acts. In comparison to hoax email writers, the fraudsters in instant communication regularly came across as more aggressive and imperative, but then softened their diction if victims were not interested to chat with them in real time. The implications of this study lie in the possibility of developing a model for fraudster or cheat discourse structure, thus alerting QQ users in particular of such crimes. Other online instant messenger users will also benefit from this study. Better informed of how cheats manipulate language to present untruth as truth and be alerted of the modus operandi involved in online deception, victims can be saved and the crime curbed. The issue of the victim's vulnerability and the reasons behind it certainly deserve further linguistic and metalinguistic scrutiny.
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(2017): Social groups and social network formation. In: Games and Economic Behavior 103, S. 286-312. DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2015.11.004
Abstract: We present a dynamic model of social network formation in which a fixed number of agents interact in overlapping social groups. We derive several results on the formation of links in such networks, including results on the degree distribution, on comparative statics relating degree and group size, and on the dynamics of homophily. In particular, we derive comparative statics showing that degree is typically positively related to social group size but negatively related to the size of the overlap across multiple social groups. This is supported by evidence from a Facebook dataset. We also show that homophily over an agent's lifespan in the network can be non-monotonic, reaching a global maximum in some period before eventually decreasing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 6
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(2017): Contact with Counter-Stereotypical Women Predicts Less Sexism, Less Rape Myth Acceptance, Less Intention to Rape (in Men) and Less Projected Enjoyment of Rape (in Women). In: Sex Roles 76 (7), S. 473-484. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-016-0679-x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-016-0679-x Abstract: Intergroup contact-(positive) interactions with people from different social groups-is a widely researched and strongly supported prejudice-reducing mechanism shown to reduce prejudice against a wide variety of outgroups. However, no known previous research has investigated whether intergroup contact can also reduce sexism against women. Sexism has an array of negative outcomes. One of the most detrimental and violent ones is rape, which is both justified and downplayed by rape myth acceptance. We hypothesised that more frequent, higher quality contact with counter-stereotypical women would predict lower levels of sexism and thus less rape myth acceptance (in men) and less sexualised projected responses to rape (in women). Two studies using online surveys with community samples supported these hypotheses. In Study 1, 170 male participants who experienced more positive contact with counter-stereotypical women reported less intention to rape. Similarly, in Study 2, 280 female participants who experienced more positive contact with counter-stereotypical women reported less projected sexual arousal at the thought of being raped. Thus, the present research is the first known to show that contact could be a potential tool to combat sexism, rape myth acceptance, intentions to rape in men, and sexualisation of rape by women.
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(2017) : Research and development of wearable auxiliary tool for behavior assistance of elderly who requires nursing care: ICCAS 2017: 2017 17th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems : proceedings : October 18-21, 2017, Ramada Plaza, Jeju, Korea: 2017 17th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS): Jeju: 10/18/2017 - 10/21/2017. International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems; Chengŏ-Robot-Sisŭt'em-Hakhoe; Iccas: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 1501-1504
Abstract: Human Robotics Research Center (HRRC) has established in 2013 as an R&D center. Our objective is implement robots at the site of rehabilitation and nursing care. HRRC is working on the research and development of wearable auxiliary tool for behavior assistance of elderly who requires nursing care in cooperation with Kashiihara Hospital since 2015. Purpose of this research is to develop wearable device that can be reduce body burden of caregivers who carry out standing assistance / transfer assistance frequently at bathing care. We started this activity in 2015, and we have made 2 mockups so far. In 2016, a verification experiment of standing assistance / transfer assistance was conducted using prototype-1 that made based on the advice from Kashiihara hospital. As a result of the verification experiment, we assume 1st prototype will reduce the burden on caregivers. In the future, we will study “Powered Exoskeleton for Bathing Care” which applied ultra-mini hydraulic technology for body assistance and “Wearable Auxiliary Tool” that does not have body assistance”.
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Teasdale, Brent; Bradley-Engen, Mindy S. (Hg.) (2017): Preventing crime and violence. Cham: Springer (Advances in prevention science)
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(2017): Examining overlap in behavioral and neural representations of morals, facts, and preferences. In: Journal of experimental psychology. General 146 (11), S. 1586-1605. DOI: 10.1037/xge0000350
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28805441 Abstract: Metaethical judgments refer to judgments about the information expressed by moral claims. Moral objectivists generally believe that moral claims are akin to facts, whereas moral subjectivists generally believe that moral claims are more akin to preferences. Evidence from developmental and social psychology has generally favored an objectivist view; however, this work has typically relied on few examples, and analyses have disallowed statistical generalizations beyond these few stimuli. The present work addresses whether morals are represented as fact-like or preference-like, using behavioral and neuroimaging methods, in combination with statistical techniques that can (a) generalize beyond our sample stimuli, and (b) test whether particular item features are associated with neural activity. Behaviorally, and contrary to prior work, morals were perceived as more preference-like than fact-like. Neurally, morals and preferences elicited common magnitudes and spatial patterns of activity, particularly within the dorsal-medial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), a critical region for social cognition. This common DMPFC activity for morals and preferences was present across whole-brain conjunctions, and in individually localized functional regions of interest (targeting the theory of mind network). By contrast, morals and facts did not elicit any neural activity in common. Follow-up item analyses suggested that the activity elicited in common by morals and preferences was explained by their shared tendency to evoke representations of mental states. We conclude that morals are represented as far more subjective than prior work has suggested. This conclusion is consistent with recent theoretical research, which has argued that morality is fundamentally about regulating social relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record zitiert von: 2