Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): Psychoanalytic studies and the work of Adam Smith. Towards a theory of moral development and social relations. London: Routledge (Psychoanalytic explorations)
Abstract: Psychoanalytic Studies of the Work of Adam Smith blends the rich intellectual heritage of the hermeneutic tradition with the methods and concepts of psychoanalysis, in order to examine the seminal works of Adam Smith. This is the first book on Smith to analyze the works of the ground-breaking moral theorist and founding father of economics from a psychoanalytic perspective, whilst also examining the human capacities and skills that are necessary to put Smith's ideas into practice. Starting with a detailed discussion of the psychological difficulties that afflicted Smith, Ozler and Gabrinetti examine the influence that Smith's life had on the ideas that are found in his major works. The authors explore the sympathetic process in Smith's The Theory of Moral Sentiments (TMS) from an intersubjectivist perspective and use ideas from developmental psychology to argue that sympathy leads to morality. This book contains a thorough analysis of the defenses that are used to create Smith's moral system in the TMS and explores how Smith's ideas were precursors to concepts later developed by Freud. The authors show that Smith's attitude toward women was at best ambivalent and consider the reciprocal interaction between markets and morality from an evolutionary psychology perspective. Covering an impressive range of topics, this book will appeal to academics and postgraduate students with an interest in psychoanalysis, moral philosophy, history of thought and the social sciences. The book should also be of interest to more advanced undergraduate students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von: 1
2016
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(2016): Supplemental Material for Power and the Pursuit of a Partner’s Goals. In: Journal of personality and social psychology. DOI: 10.1037/pspi0000048.supp
Abstract: We investigated how power dynamics in close relationships influence the tendency to devote resources to the pursuit of goals valued by relationship partners, hypothesizing that low (vs. high) power in relationships would lead individuals to center their individual goal pursuit around the goals of their partners. We study 2 related phenomena: partner goal prioritization, whereby individuals pursue goals on behalf of their partners, and partner goal contagion, whereby individuals identify and adopt as their own the goals that their partner pursues. We tested our ideas in 5 studies that employed diverse research methods, including lab experiments and dyadic studies of romantic partners, and multiple types of dependent measures, including experience sampling reports, self-reported goal commitment, and behavioral goal pursuit in a variety of goal domains. Despite this methodological diversity, the studies provided clear and consistent evidence that individuals with low power in their relationships are especially likely to engage in both partner goal prioritization and partner goal contagion. zitiert von 16
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(2016): Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. Sexism. Unter Mitarbeit von Julia C. Becker und Chris G.. Sibley. Second edition. Hove, UK: Psychology Press
Abstract: In this chapter, we first introduce the foundation of sexist beliefs: gender stereotypes. We then go on with presenting an overview of contemporary forms of sexism—with a strong focus on what are referred to in the research literature as 'benevolent sexist beliefs' (or the oft-employed acronym BS) and its negative consequences for women. Furthermore, we elaborate on sexism in romantic relationships in detail with a focus on the trade-off that it seems women may make in endorsing benevolent sexism in their romantic relationships and in broader social contexts (such as in the workplace). Finally, we outline direct and indirect consequences of sexism and introduce research on confronting and reducing sexism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): When Justice Promotes Injustice. Why Minority Leaders Experience Bias When They Adhere to Interpersonal Justice Rules. In: Academy of Management Journal 59 (4), S. 1150-1173. DOI: 10.5465/amj.2014.0275
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2014.0275 Abstract: Accumulated knowledge on organizational justice leaves little reason to doubt that organizational members benefit when leaders adhere to interpersonal justice rules. However, upon considering how justice behaviors influence subordinates’ cognitive processes, we predict that interpersonal justice has a surprising, unintended negative consequence. Supervisors who violate interpersonal justice rules trigger subordinates to search for reasons why their supervisors are threatening them, causing subordinates to be more attuned to supervisors’ individual characteristics and therefore unlikely to use stereotypes when evaluating them. In contrast, supervisors who adhere to interpersonal justice rules allow subordinates to divert attention away from them, leading subordinates’ judgments of their supervisors to be influenced by stereotypes. Consistent with these predictions, using field data we found that minority supervisors faced bias relative to Caucasian supervisors when s uperviso rs adhered to—but not when they violated—interpersonal justice rules. We replicated this effect in an experiment and established that it is explained by an alternating pattern of stereotype application and inhibition: the stereotype that minority supervisors are more deceitful than Caucasians influenced fairness judgments when supervisors adhered to—but not when they violated—interpersonal justice rules. We then conducted exploratory analyses and identified one factor (unit size) that mitigates this troubling pattern. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 5
2015
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(2015): Perceptions of Dating Behavior. The Role of Ambivalent Sexism. In: Sex Roles 72 (5-6), S. 237-251. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-015-0460-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-015-0460-6 Abstract: This research investigates whether ambivalent sexism impacts individuals’ perceptions of what is appropriate and valued dating behavior, as these perceptions may contribute to the perpetuation of traditional dating scripts. Two hundred seventeen undergraduate students from the Midwestern United States read a gender-stereotypic, gender-counter stereotypic, or egalitarian heterosexual dating vignette. Participants made judgments of appropriateness, warmth, and competence separately for the man and woman on the date. Overall, gender stereotypic dates were evaluated most positively, consistent with previous work suggesting that dating behaviors remain gendered. Evidence of the restrictive nature of the masculine gender role was obtained. Men in egalitarian and counter-stereotypic dating scenarios were evaluated negatively in terms of warmth, competence, and appropriateness, thus potentially experiencing backlash effects. Indeed, the man in the gender counter-stereotypic con dition w as rated as less competent, warm, and appropriate than the women, but the man in the gender stereotypic condition was rated as more competent, warm, and appropriate than the woman. Consistent with predictions, those high in ambivalent sexism had more negative reactions to gender counter-stereotypic dating scenarios than those low in ambivalent sexism. However, ambivalent sexism did not predict different reactions towards gender stereotypic and egalitarian dating scenarios, and egalitarian dates were rated as most typical regardless of participants’ ambivalent sexism. Thus, greater acceptance of gender counter-stereotypic dates was observed among those low in ambivalent sexism, and even those high in ambivalent sexism were accepting of egalitarian dating practices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2013
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Hojjat, Mahzad (2013): Positive psychology of love. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press ([Series in positive pychology])
Abstract: In this chapter, we focus on friendships because the bounty of research to date has emphasized romantic relationships, and we wanted to bring some new information to this body of work. More specifically, we emphasize the manner in which people retain satisfaction from their ongoing relationships through the use of what has become known as 'relational maintenance strategies.' In a word, we argue that strategic use of maintenance strategies increases partners' relational quality, which in turn affects one's happiness. The following sections elaborate on this position. We first discuss the link between personal happiness and ongoing personal relationships. We then develop how relational maintenance strategies support important and fundamental relational characteristics, such as satisfaction. Finally, we explain how assessments of fairness affect the link between maintenance strategy and relational quality. Here we rely on equity theory as a conceptual framework that explains how people in Western cultures assess fair treatment and how such assessments of fairness operate in close relationships to affect the use of maintenance strategies (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2013): Die Kunst und Wissenschaft der Psychotherapie. Orig.-ausg., 1. Aufl.. Bern: Huber
Abstract: Die Gestaltung der psychotherapeutischen Beziehung als Spiegel der Identität in sozialen Beziehungen und die Rolle der Psychotherapie als Element der modernen Gesellschaft werden erörtert. Nach einer Beschreibung zweier möglicher alternativer Modelle von Psychotherapie (als technisches Verfahren oder als heilende Beziehung) werden Auswirkungen von persönlichen Beziehungen zu "significant others" auf die soziale Integration und das individuelle Wohlbefinden beschrieben. Dabei wird insbesondere auf D. Émile Durkheims Sichtweise über die Gesellschaft als unabhängige, primäre Realität, die Notwendigkeit eines Gleichgewichts zwischen dem Kollektiv und dem Einzelnen und die energetisierende Moral der Gemeinschaft eingegangen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird eine therapeutische Beziehungsgestaltung beschrieben, die personale Gemeinschaft und Solidarität ermöglicht und damit die Voraussetzung für eine aktive Bewältigung schafft. zitiert von 4
2012
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(2012): Wie lässt sich der Einfluss von Kultur auf Erleben und Verhalten messen?. In: Diagnostica 58 (2), S. 53-63. DOI: 10.1026/0012-1924/a000045
Abstract: Die Frage nach dem Einfluss von Kultur auf Erleben und Verhalten hat innerhalb der quantitativen Psychologie erheblich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Zunächst wird geklärt, was unter "Kultur" theoretisch und forschungspraktisch zu verstehen ist, wie sich psychologisch relevante Einflüsse von Kultur nachweisen lassen und welche Variablen diesen Einfluss vermitteln. Der empirische Schwerpunkt liegt auf den deutschsprachigen Adaptionen der "Self-Construal Scale" (SCS), der "Sex-Role Ideology Scale" (SRIS) und der "Tightness-Looseness Scale" (TLS), die ein breites Spektrum an kulturvermittelnden Variablen erfassen. Die adaptierten Skalen wurden bei einer heterogenen deutschen Stichprobe (515 Personen) hinsichtlich ihrer faktoriellen Struktur, Reliabilitäten und Validitätsindikatoren untersucht. Die psychometrischen Eigenschaften erwiesen sich als zufriedenstellend bis gut und als mit den Originalskalen gut vergleichbar. Zusammengenommen bilden die Skalen, erstmals im deutschsprachigen Bereich, eine reliable, multidimensionale Fragebogenbatterie, die den Einfluss von Kultur in testökonomisch vertretbarer Weise messbar macht. zitiert von 15
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(2012): Virtual project teams. The role of empathy and social intelligence in the development of trust. ProQuest Information & Learning, US.
Abstract: The purpose of this quantitative research study is to determine whether a relationship exist between nine virtual team leaders’ emotional intelligence skills of social intelligence and their empathy practice, and the perceived trust the virtual project team members had for their team leader. The subfactors of social responsibility and interpersonal relationship comprise social intelligence. The study hypothesized that the virtual team leaders’ empathy skills and social skills would positively influence the development of trust, as perceived by the virtual team members. Nine virtual teams from the defense contractor industry in the southeastern United States participated. Two survey instruments were used to evaluate the hypothesis. The Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) survey instrument was used to assess the practiced empathy skills and social intelligence skills if the virtual team leader. The ABC Research Foundation’s Measuring Organizational Trust indicator tool was used to assess the perceived trust of the virtual team members. The results of the study indicated that no significant positive correlation exist between virtual project leaders’ practice of empathic behavior and the development of trust among the team members. Social intelligence, as a whole, is associated with the development of trust in leader-member relationships in virtual project teams. These results further indicated that interpersonal relationship skills are strongly associated with developing positive trust relations and interactions in virtual environments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2011
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(2011): Understanding the Link Between Spatial Distance and Social Distance. In: Social Psychology 42 (3), S. 185-192. DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000062
Abstract: Why do people use spatial language to describe social relationships? In particular, to what extent do they anchor their thoughts about friendship in terms of space? Three experiments used drawing and estimation tasks to further explore the conceptual structure of social distance using friendship as a manipulation. In all three experiments, participants read short narratives and then drew what they imagined happened during the narrative and estimated passing time. Overall, the results of these exploratory studies suggest that the conceptual structure of friendship is linked to thought about space in terms of path drawing. Results are discussed in light of social distance and intercharacter interaction. zitiert von 33
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(2011) : Evaluating fairness: Critical assessment of equity theory.: Theories in social psychology.: Hoboken, USA: Wiley-Blackwell, S. 163-190
Abstract: This chapter discusses equity theory which concerns interpersonal relationships in social psychology. Most interpersonal relationships are built around trust, mutual respect, and genuine concern for the other person. Generally, people do not enter a relationship with fairness issues at the forefront of their minds. However, many people of all different backgrounds are familiar with the 'golden rule'—treat others as you would like to be treated. Many people believe that if everyone subscribed to this rule, fairness would prevail, leading to perfectly satisfying relationships. Whereas these ideas may be very intuitively appealing, they create some potential problems when people in relationships—whether it is a business relationship, a friendship, or a romance—experience difficulties. Difficulties may involve one person getting his or her way more often or experiencing hurt feelings. In reality, sometimes people feel they put more into a relationship than they get out of it. I t takes effort to build, maintain, and repair relationships, regardless of the type of relationship. Many people, both researchers and laypersons, are interested in what makes for satisfying relationships as well as what factors keep people together or drive them apart. A number of theories have been developed to help explain how people evaluate their relationships. One of them is equity theory. Equity theory is a theory that stems from economic principles. In fact, when John Stacy Adams first introduced the theory in 1963, he intended it to serve as an explanation for the fairness of exchanges between employers and their employees. Whereas researchers initially used this theory to explain employee-employer relationships, over the years, the theory has been expanded to explain various other types of relationships. Walster, Walster, and Berscheid continued to refine and to adapt the theory to help people understand how people evaluate their interactions in other kinds of rela tionship s, such as casual interpersonal relationships and intimate relationships. This type of research includes the harm-doer-victim relationship, helping relationships, collegial relationships, friendships, marital relationships, and homosexual relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2008
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(2008): A really big picture of social intelligence. In: Journal of Personality Assessment 90 (1), S. 102-104. DOI: 10.1080/00223890701468667
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890701468667 Abstract: Reviews the book, Social Intelligence: The New Science of Human Relationships by D. Goleman (see record [rid]2006-13172-000[/rid]). This book deals with a topic that has been of interest to social scientists for a very long time, namely, how people perceive, react, and interact with the social world in which they live. The current author feels rather than focusing on the relatively narrow concept of social intelligence or on the more broadly defined domain of social effectiveness, the book covers a wide range of topics emanating from the field of social neuroscience. The reviewer discusses this book within the context of theory and research on the psychological concept of social intelligence and the more broadly defined domain of social effectiveness. The current author feels that this book failed to do what the current author had hoped it might from the perspective of the literature on social effectiveness. This book is not about social intelligence; it does not address of deal in any extensive manner with the history of the concept of social intelligence or its measurement. The current author feels at best this book provides some information on the more broadly defined domain of social effectiveness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2008) : In guten wie in schlechten Tagen - Prädiktoren und Konsequenzen des Beziehungscommitments In: Rohmann, Elke; Herner, Michael Jürgen; Fetchenhauer, Detlef (Hg.): Sozialpsychologische Beiträge zur Positiven Psychologie. Eine Festschrift für Hans-Werner Bierhoff: Lengerich: Pabst, S. 45-72
Abstract: Es wird ein Überblick zu Prädiktoren und Konsequenzen des Beziehungscommitments gegeben. Das Beziehungscommitment stellt ein mehrdimensionales Konstrukt dar, das in einem engen Zusammenhang mit der Beziehungsstabilität steht. Es umfasst die psychologische Bindung an den Beziehungspartner, die Langzeitorientierung und die Intention, diese Beziehung fortzusetzen. Empirische Befunde bestätigen die Relevanz der vom Investitionsmodell nach C. E. Rusbult angenommenen Prädiktoren: So wird das Beziehungscommitment positiv von der Zufriedenheit und den Investitionen und negativ von den Alternativen beeinflusst. Die Bedeutung dieser Austauschvariablen für das Beziehungscommitment wird allerdings durch partnerschaftliche Interdependenz moderiert. Hinsichtlich der Konsequenzen des Beziehungscommitments verweisen Studien darauf, dass das Beziehungscommitment mit zahlreichen beziehungsförderlichen Verhaltensweisen (etwa Treue, Verzeihen, positive Illusionen über den Partner, Abwertung attraktiver Alternativen) einhergeht. Vor dem Hintergrund, dass eine dauerhafte und zufriedenstellende Partnerschaft für die meisten Menschen eine sehr hohe Bedeutung für ihr Lebensglück hat, wird die Relevanz des Beziehungscommitments im Sinne der Positiven Sozialpsychologie deutlich.
Keywords: Beziehungsqualität, commitment, COUPLES, Ehe und Familie, Glück, Group & Interpersonal Processes, Gruppendynamik und interpersonelle Prozesse, interpersonal relationships, Interpersonelle Beziehungen, Investitionsmodell von Beziehungen, investment model & interdependency & stability of partnership & relationship-promoting behavior & relationship satisfaction & life satisfaction & positive social psychology, Lebenszufriedenheit, Life Satisfaction, Marriage & Family, Paare, Partnerschaft/ Beziehung, Positive Psychologie, Positive Psychology, predictors & consequences of relationship commitment, Relationship Quality, Sozialpsychologie, Verpflichtung 2006
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(2006): Social intelligence. The new science of human relationships. New York, NY, US: Bantam Books
Abstract: Far more than we are consciously aware, our daily encounters with parents, spouses, bosses, and even strangers shape our brains and affect cells throughout our bodies-- down to the level of our genes--for good or ill. In Social Intelligence, Daniel Goleman explores an emerging new science with startling implications for our interpersonal world. Its most fundamental discovery: we are designed for sociability, constantly engaged in a 'neural ballet' that connects us brain to brain with those around us. Our reactions to others, and theirs to us, have a far-reaching biological impact, sending out cascades of hormones that regulate everything from our hearts to our immune systems, making good relationships act like vitamins--and bad relationships like poisons. We can 'catch' other people's emotions the way we catch a cold, and the consequences of isolation or relentless social stress can be life-shortening. Goleman explains the surprising accuracy of first impressions, the basis of charisma and emotional power, the complexity of sexual attraction, and how we detect lies. He describes the 'dark side' of social intelligence, from narcissism to Machiavellianism and psychopathy. He also reveals our astonishing capacity for 'mindsight,' as well as the tragedy of those, like autistic children, whose mindsight is impaired. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
1987
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Roloff, Michael; Miller, Gerald (Hg.) (1987): Interpersonal processes. New directions in communication research. Newbury Park: Sage. Online verfügbar unter http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0654/87009639-d.html
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