Alle Publikationen
1996
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(1996): When cultures collide. Managing successfully across cultures. London: Brealey
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(1996): Werte und moralische Haltungen. In: Psyche (50), S. 407-443. Online verfügbar unter http://www.psyche.de
Abstract: Der Stellenwert von Werten und moralischen Haltungen wird aus psychoanalytischer Sicht erörtert. Einleitend wird darauf hingewiesen, dass S. Freud zwar noch davon ausgehen konnte, dass das Moralische sich von selbst versteht, wohingegen die heutige Psychoanalyse den Stellenwert von moralischen Haltungen und Werten als integralen Bestandteil jeglicher Erfahrung und Interaktion problematisiert. Anhand von Beispielen wird deutlich gemacht, wie Werte und moralische Haltungen sich in den motivationalen Systemen äußern, wobei insbesondere die im zweiten Lebensjahr auftauchende altruistische Orientierung und das Erleben von Schuld und/oder Scham ausführlich dargelegt werden. Es zeigt sich, dass bei der Ausformung von moralischen Haltungen und Werten weniger die Eltern, sondern vielmehr die Alters- und Geschwistergruppen und schließlich auch Geschlechtsunterschiede eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Abschließend wird anhand von zwei Fallvignetten demonstriert, wie Wert- und Moralvorstellungen von Analytiker und Analysand die analytische Interaktion mitbestimmen. Es wird eine Technik des "Tragens von Attributionen" seitens des Analytikers befürwortet, durch die eine Exploration unterschwelliger Moral- und Wertvorstellungen beider Interaktionspartner möglich wird. zitiert von: 17
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Luhmann, Niklas; Schorr, Karl Eberhard (Hg.) (1996): Zwischen System und Umwelt. Fragen an die Pädagogik. Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp
Keywords: Youssef, Ramy -
(1996) : Takt und Zensur im Erziehungssystem In: Luhmann, Niklas; Schorr, Karl Eberhard (Hg.): Zwischen System und Umwelt: Fragen an die Pädagogik: Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp, S. 279-294Keywords: Youssef, Ramy
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(1996): The Experience of Perceptual Familiarity. In: Philosophy 71 (275), S. 83-100. DOI: 10.1017/S0031819100053274
Abstract: Psychologists have recently turned their attention to the nature of the recognition involved in judgment of familiarity. It has been suggested taht, apart from judging a stimulus to be familiar when one is able to recall a context in which it was previously perceived, subjects are also able to judge that something is familiar merely on the basis of its faster perceptual processing.
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(1996): Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account. In: American Sociological Review 61 (6). DOI: 10.2307/2096305
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2096305 Abstract: Female genital mutilation in Africa persists despite modernization, public education, and legal prohibition. Female footbinding in China lasted for 1,000 years but ended in a single generation. I show that each practice is a self-enforcing convention, in Schelling's (1960) sense, maintained by interdependent expectations on the marriage market. Each practice originated under conditions of extreme resource polygyny as a means of enforcing the imperial male's exclusive sexual access to his female consorts. Extreme polygyny also caused a competitive upward flow of women and a downward flow of conjugal practices, accounting for diffusion of the practices. A Schelling coordination diagram explains how the three methods of the Chinese campaign to abolish footbinding succeeded in bringing it to a quick end. The pivotal innovation was to form associations of parents who pledged not to footbind their daughters nor let their sons marry footbound women. The "convention" hypothesis predicts that promotion of such pledge associations would help bring female genital mutilation to an end.
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(1996) : Agent-based support for public information kiosks: IEEE Colloquium on Intelligent Agents and Their Applications (Digest No: 1996/101): IEEE Colloquium on Intelligent Agents and Their Applications (Digest No: 1996/101): London, United Kingdom: IET, S. 4/1-4/3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/ic:19960650 Abstract: KIMSAC-Kiosk-based Integrated Multimedia Service Access for Citizens-is a project supported by the EU's ACTS programme. It aims to provide a flexible way for citizens to access intricate and complex information provided on public information kiosks. To provide a high degree of usability, the concept of a personal service assistant (PSA) is used in this project, and is realised through adding the agent dimension to a multimedia presentation. Although the concept of the PSA is to help the client during an interactive session with the system, that is, attempting to determine the competence of the user and so modify the interface accordingly, the authors expect more from the PSA. The characteristics which a PSA should exhibit are, to be able to (a) carry out dialogue with the client, (b) provide a tone which builds trust in the client, (c) assist the client at varying levels of interface interaction (d) give assistance when the client has problems or the presentation fails and (e) let the client take control when appropriate.
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(1996): Toward a framework for designing information society policies. In: Telecommunications Policy 20 (4), S. 243-259. DOI: 10.1016/0308-5961(96)00007-9
Abstract: It has now become fashionable for policy-makers to publish 'visionary' reports on the future 'information society', Unfortunately they equate 'vision' with unsupportable claims of potential societal benefit, A systemic analytical framework is suggested that can help in assessing the claims of what information infrastructures will provide, and in designing information society policies that reflect the needs and priorities of particular countries, It shows the fundamental importance of service applications in specific sectors, skill development at both producer and consumer levels, and structural reform in the applications sectors, A checklist for policy-planners is provided.
Keywords: Design -
(1996): Am Ende der Gesellschaft. Zerstort uns unsere individualistische Kultur?. In: Universitas 51 (12), S. 1188-1201
Abstract: Der fur moderne westliche Gesellschaften charakteristische Individualismus, der das Ergebnis eines langen historischen Prozesses ist, wird in seiner Bedeutung fur Kultur und Gesellschaft erortert. Nach einleitenden Anmerkungen zur Entwicklung des Individualismus werden seine Auswirkungen in den verschiedensten gesellschaftlichen Teilbereichen, etwa Wohnen, Verkehr, Konsum, Freizeit, Familie und Familienplanung, Recht und Politik erlautert. Es wird deutlich gemacht, dass die individualistische Gesellschaft gegenwartig vor tiefgreifenden Veranderungen steht, die vor allem aus ihrer Uberalterung resultieren. Diese Veranderungen, die als existentielle Krise der Gesellschaft bezeichnet werden, bedrohen die ethische und kulturelle Identitat der Gesellschaft. Eine Entwicklung hin zu einer gemeinschaftsorientierten und damit biologisch stabileren Gesellschaft wird fur unumganglich gehalten.
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(1996): Dominance, Deference, and Egalitarianism in Organizational Interaction. A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Power and Politeness. In: Organization Science 7 (5), S. 544-556. DOI: 10.1287/orsc.7.5.544
Abstract: Organizational literature has long presumed that power is communicated and enacted through behaviors exchanged at the level of face-to-face interaction. Little research, however, has investigated this aspect of power. The author explores how power is embedded in manners of speech exchanged in everyday interaction among superiors and subordinates. He draws upon the sociolinguistic theory of ''politeness''. Politeness, linguistic behaviors used to demonstrate regard and consideration for others, is hypothesized to be sensitive to the social distribution of power. Low power actors are most likely to use linguistic politeness behaviors because such behaviors minimize the possibility of conflict with superiors. Results of a laboratory study confirm that politeness behaviors are sensitive to the distribution of formal authority in organizations. When superiors use politeness, they are more likely than subordinates to employ a subtype of politeness that demonstrates consideration by intimating social familiarity and camaraderie. The hypothesis that egalitarian values moderate the overall effect of power politeness is not supported, perhaps because of the constraints of the experimental situation. Overall, the study demonstrates how abstractions such as authority and equality can be measured in terms of the manners of comportment that actors bring to bear on one another in face-to-face contexts. Given the possibility that egalitarianism can be operationalized at a linguistic level of analysis, the findings have important ramifications for the study of the presumed status leveling associated with programs of workplace participation. The study broadly shows how sociolinguistic perspectives can contribute to our understanding of organizational phenomena.
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(1996): Early interpersonal timing and the perception of social contingencies. In: Infant Behavior and Development 19. DOI: 10.1016/S0163-6383(96)90256-8
Abstract: siehe pdf
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(1996): The representation of emotions in groups. The relative impact of social norms, positive–negative asymmetry and familiarity on the perception of emotions. In: European Journal of Social Psychology 26 (1), S. 43-59. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199601)26:1<43::AID-EJSP736>3.0.CO;2-6
Abstract: Research in several countries shows that people hold norms of emotion perception, so that socially desirable emotions are perceived as positive and moderate. Subjects also believe that positive and moderate emotions are dominant in their lives. Other research shows that increased familiarity with a social group allows a better differentiation among the members and the attributes of this group (e.g. wider variability of emotions). In the present study, we compare the relative impact of familiarity with pleasant and unpleasant groups and social norms on emotion perception. Subjects (N=150) were to rate imagined family groups, families that they did not know well, and families that they knew very well, on perceived differentiation and variability of emotional episodes, extremity of emotional events, and global family evaluations. Results indicated that familiarity is weakly associated with perceived emotional variability in target families, and that, regardless of their familiarity with the family, subjects viewed unpleasant families as more negative, as less familiar, and as having a larger range of emotions than pleasant families. Results are discussed in terms of the idea that perception of emotions in groups depends more strongly on social norms than either on positive–negative asymmetry or on direct experience with their members. Volume26, Issue1 January/February 1996 Pages 43-59 Figures References Related Information Metrics Details Copyright © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Publication History Issue Online: 04 December 1998
Keywords: Bekanntheitsgrad, Einfluss von sozialem Konsens / Anstand "Decorum", Emotionserkennung, familiarity, Gruppennorm, Kulturell codierte Merkmale, kulturelle Etiketten, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Normen der Wahrnehmung von Emotionen, Realtechnik, Soziale Erwünschtheit von Emotionen, Sozialer Wandel der Emotionalität, Sozialpsychologie, Technik, Werte -
Pandey, Janak (1996): Asian contributions to cross cultural psychology. [proceedings of the fourth Asian regional conference of the International Association for Cross Cultural Psychology, held Jan. 3 -7, 1992 in Kathmandu, Nepal]. New Delhi: Sage (Proceedings of the ... Asian regional conference of the International Association for Cross Cultural Psychology)
Keywords: Ethnopsychologie, Kulturpsychologie -
(1996): The media equation. How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places. s.l.: CSLI Publications
Abstract: According to popular wisdom, humans never relate to a computer or a television program in the same way they relate to another human being. Or do they? The psychological and sociological complexities of the relationship could be greater than you think. In an extraordinary revision of received wisdom, Byron Reeves and Clifford Nass demonstrate convincingly in The Media Equation that interactions with computers, television, and new communication technologies are identical to real social relationships and to the navigation of real physical spaces. Using everyday language, the authors explain their novel ideas in a way that will engage general readers with an interest in cutting-edge research at the intersection of psychology, communication and computer technology. The result is an accessible summary of exciting ideas for modern times. As Bill Gates says, '(they) … have shown us some amazing things'.
Keywords: Auch Neuropsychologie, Beeinflussung, Computerwissenschaft, Disziplin, Grundlegendes und umfassende Theorien, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Interaktion, Klassiker, Kommunikationswissenschaft, Massenmedien, Medien, Mensch-Maschine-Releation, Mensch-Technik-Interaktion, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Philosophie, Psychologie, Publikum, Raum/Ort, Realtechnik, Reflexionen über MTR, Sozialverhalten, Technik, Technikphilosophie, Zwischenmenschliche Beziehungen / Social Interaction -
(1996): Theorien gesellschaftlicher Differenzierung. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften (Uni-Taschenbücher)Keywords: social sciences
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(1996): Kognitive Autonomie und soziale Orientierung. Konstruktivistische Bemerkungen zum Zusammenhang von Kognition, Kommunikation, Medien und Kultur. 2. Aufl.. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp (Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft)
Abstract: Auf der Grundlage eines kulturwissenschaftlich erweiterten Konstruktivismus wird der Versuch unternommen, die psychologischen, sozialen und kulturellen Bedingungen kognitiver Operationen aufzuarbeiten. Damit wird verdeutlicht, wie Wahrnehmen, Denken, Fühlen, Handeln und Kommunizieren geprägt sind von den Mustern und Möglichkeiten, über die jeder Mensch als Gattungswesen, als Gesellschaftsmitglied, als Sprecher einer Muttersprache und als Angehöriger einer bestimmten Kultur verfügt. Diese Muster prägen in Form kollektiven kulturellen Wissens und sozialstruktureller Institutionen jede subjektbasierte gesellschaftliche Konstruktion von Erfahrungswirklichkeit. Dabei spielen in funktional differenzierten Gesellschaften Massenmedien eine kaum zu überschätzende Rolle. - Inhalt: (1) Einige Vorschläge zur Ausdifferenzierung des konstruktivistischen Diskurses. (2) Kommunikation: Modelle, Konzepte, Probleme. (3) Verstehen: Kognitive Prozesse und soziale Orientierung. (4) Symbolische Ordnungen: Das Beispiel Mediengattungen. (5) Kultur: Die Ordnung symbolischer Ordnungen. (6) Massenmedien und kultureller Wandel. zitiert von 757
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(1996) : Dichte und Enge In: Kruse, Lenelis; Graumann, Karl-Friedrich; Lantermann, Ernst-Dieter (Hg.): Ökologische Psychologie: Ein Handbuch in Schlüsselbegriffen: Studienausg: Weinheim; München: Psychologie Verl.-Union, S. 339-346
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(1996): Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions. In: Journal of occupational health psychology 1 (1), S. 27-41. DOI: 10.1037/1076-8998.1.1.27
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.1.1.27 Abstract: Discusses relevant issues concerning the link between psychosocial occupational stress and health. The need to identify critical health-related components within the global psychosocial occupational environment is discussed, and 2 theoretical models, the person-environment fit and the demand–control models, are reviewed to help analytically define those components. The maintenance of chronically stressful experience in individuals who are exposed to the psychosocial stressors identified in models is described, and the concepts of threat, status control, and reciprocity of exchange in occupational life are introduced. Based on these concepts, a 3rd theoretical concept is introduced: the model of effort–reward imbalance at work. Results of 2 social epidemiologic and psychophysiologic studies of men are provided to examine the adverse cardiovascular and other health effects of chronically stressful experience in terms of high effort and low reward.
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(1996): A guide to constructs of control. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 71 (3), S. 549-570. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.71.3.549
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.3.549 Abstract: An integrative framework, designed to organize the heterogeneous constructs related to "control," is based on 2 fundamental distinctions: (a) objective, subjective, and experiences of control; and (b) agents, means, and ends of control. The framework is used to analyze more than 100 terms, such as sense of control, proxy control, and primary control. It is argued that although many terms reflect aspects of perceived control (both distinct and overlapping), some are more usefully considered aspects of objective control conditions (e.g., contingency), potential antecedents of perceived control (e.g., choice), potential consequences (e.g., secondary control), sources of motivation for control (e.g., mastery), or other sources of motivation (e.g., autonomy). Implications for theory, measurement, research, and intervention are explored.
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(1996): Reconsidering power and distance. In: Journal of Pragmatics 26 (1), S. 1-24. DOI: 10.1016/0378-2166(95)00047-X
Abstract: A wide range of studies indicate that power and distance affect the production and interpretation of language. However, this paper argues that greater consideration needs to be given to the conceptual nature of these dimensions, and to terminological usage. In the first half of the paper, the need for this consideration is explained. A number of pragmatic studies are examined, and this reveals that authors often use the same terms with different meanings, or different terms with the same meaning, and that the parameters are rarely explicitly defined. Then the paper reviews recent calls for an extra parameter of interlocutor relations to be added: for affect to be separated from distance. In the second half of the paper, relevant social psychological research is reported, and it is concluded that the number of 'horizontal' dimensions of interlocutor relations needs to be reconsidered. Power, on the other hand, emerges as a robust and relatively unitary dimension, yet its label has connotations that may not be cross-culturally valid.
Keywords: POWER -
(1996): Selbstkonzept und Bedürfnis nach sozialer Anerkennung bei Bulimikerinnen.. In: Zeitschrift für Psychologie mit Zeitschrift für angewandte Psychologie 202 (2), S. 187-198
Abstract: Studied the relationship between gender-specific differences in the need for social approval and the development of bulimia. Human Ss: 15 normal male German adults (university students). 15 normal female German adults (university students). 12 female German adults (bulimia). The Ss completed a questionnaire that measures the need for social approval in terms of social desirability. Intergroup differences in social desirability scores were determined with ANOVA. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(1996): Social Intentions
Abstract: The literature on collective action largely ignores the constraints that moral principle places on action-prompting intentions. Here I suggest that neither individualism nor holism can account for the generality of intentional contents demanded by universalizability principles, respect for persons, or proactive altruism. Utilitarian and communitarian ethics are criticized for nominalism with respect to social intentions. The failure of individualism and holism as grounds for moral theory is confirmed by comparing Tuomela’s reductivist analysis of we-intentions with Gilbert’s analysis of social facts. Tuomela’s account founders over intentions to cooperate, and Gilbert’s cannot accommodate legitimate authority, vicarious agency, or group structure.
Keywords: philosophy of the social sciences -
(1996): The Culturally Informed Functional Assessment (CIFA) Interview. A strategy for cross-cultural behavioral practice. In: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 3 (2), S. 215-233. DOI: 10.1016/S1077-7229(96)80015-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077-7229(96)80015-0 Abstract: Presents a conceptual framework for culturally informed cognitive behavioral assessment and therapy, and offers practical step by step guidelines for conducting functional assessment in a cross-cultural therapy situation. The proposed Culturally Informed Functional Assessment Interview is then applied to the case of an intercultural marital couple with a presenting problem of communication difficulties. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Behavior Therapy, Behavioral Assessment, Behavioural cultural tools, Cross Cultural Treatment, Cultural Sensitivity, Culturally Informed Functional Assessment Interview as tool for cross-cultural behavioral assessment & therapy, Interviews, Kulturforschung/ kulturelle Unterschiede, verhaltensbezogene Kulturtechniken -
(1996): Gender, Interaction, and Leadership. In: Social Psychology Quarterly 59 (3). DOI: 10.2307/2787022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2787022 Abstract: Describes research on gender and processes of power and prestige (leadership) in task groups, using data from laboratory studies of single-gender and mixed-gender groups to test gender-role socialization, status characteristic, and legitimation arguments. Analyses indicate that all-female and all-male groups are equally likely to develop power and prestige orders. Among initially leaderless, mixed-gender groups, males are 5 times more likely than females to exercise opinion leadership. Gender differences vanish, however, when a pretask assignment of leaders to mixed-gender groups is made. Findings are most consistent with status characteristic and legitimation theories, which correctly predict the outcomes of 3 out of 4 studies. Gender-role arguments predict only 1 outcome out of 4. Analyses of sociometric data provided evidence of gender bias in peer evaluations of female and male members of mixed-gender groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved ) zitiert von 81
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(1996): Elbows off the table, napkin in the lap, no video games during dinner. The modern guide to teaching children good manners. First St. Martin's Griffin edition. New York: St. Martin's Griffin
Abstract: A contemporary guide for teaching manners to children, divided into sections for three-to-five year olds, six-to-nine year olds, ten-to-twelve year olds, and parents, and concentrating on informal standards of polite behavior.