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  • 2014

  • Stefanics, Gabor; Kremlacek, Jan; Czigler, Istvan (2014): Visual mismatch negativity. A predictive coding view. In: Frontiers in human neuroscience 8

    Abstract: Reviewed the theoretical underpinnings of visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) in light of methodological considerations and provided recommendations for measuring and interpreting the vMMN. An increasing number of studies have investigated the vMMN or used the vMMN as a tool to probe various aspects of human cognition. The following key issues were discussed from the experimentalist's point of view in a predictive coding framework: (1) experimental protocols and procedures to control refractoriness effects; (2) methods to control attention; and (3) vMMN and veridical perception. zitiert von 93

    Keywords: Attention, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Mismatch, Mismatch Negativity, Neurowissenschaften, Prediction Errors, Stimulus Parameters, Sensory Adaptation, Visual Perception

  • 2011

  • Tzieropoulos, Hélène; Peralta, Rolando Grave de; Bossaerts, Peter; Gonzalez Andino, Sara L. (2011): The impact of disappointment in decision making. Inter-individual differences and electrical neuroimaging. In: Frontiers in human neuroscience 4. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2010.00235

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2010.00235 

    Abstract: Disappointment, the emotion experienced when faced to reward prediction errors (RPEs), considerably impacts decision making (DM). Individuals tend to modify their behavior in an often unpredictable way just to avoid experiencing negative emotions. Despite its importance, disappointment remains much less studied than regret and its impact on upcoming decisions largely unexplored. Here, we adapted the Trust Game to effectively elicit, quantify, and isolate disappointment by relying on the formal definition provided by Bell's in economics. We evaluated the effects of experienced disappointment and elation on future cooperation and trust as well as the rationality and utility of the different behavioral and neural mechanisms used to cope with disappointment. All participants in our game trusted less and particularly expected less from unknown opponents as a result of disappointing outcomes in the previous trial but not necessarily after elation indicating that behavioral consequences of positive and negative RPEs are not the same. A large variance in the tolerance to disappointment was observed across subjects, with some participants needing only a small disappointment to impulsively bias their subsequent decisions. As revealed by high-density EEG recordings the most tolerant individuals - who thought twice before making a decision and earned more money - relied on different neural generators to contend with neutral and unexpected outcomes. This study thus provides some support to the idea that different neural systems underlie reflexive and reflective decisions within the same individuals as predicted by the dual-system theory of social judgment and DM. zitiert von 16

    Keywords: Decision Making, entscheiden, Disappointment, Individual Differences, Emotionsforschung, Neuroimaging, Neurowissenschaften, Prediction Errors, Rewards
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