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2011
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(2011): Politeness. Some universals in language usage. 21. Aufl.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (Studies in interactional sociolinguistics)
Abstract: This study is about the principles for constructing polite speeches. The core of it first appeared in Questions and Politeness, edited by Esther N. Goody (now out of print). It is here reissued with a fresh introduction that surveys the considerable literature in linguistics, psychology and the social sciences that the original extended essay stimulated, and suggests distinct directions for research. The authors describe and account for some remarkable parallelisms in the linguistic construction of utterances with which people express themselves in different languages and cultures. A motive for these parallels is isolated - politeness, broadly defined to include both polite friendliness and polite formality - and a universal model is constructed outlining the abstract principles underlying polite usages. This is based on the detailed study of three unrelated languages and cultures: the Tamil of South India, the Tzeltal spoken by Mayan Indians in Chiapas, Mexico, and the English of the USA and England, supplemented by examples from other cultures. Underneath the apparent diversity of polite behaviour in different societies lie some general pan-human principles of social interaction, and the model of politeness provides a tool for analysing the quality of social relations in any society. This volume will be of special interest to students in linguistic pragmatics, sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, anthropology, and the sociology and social psychology of interaction.
Keywords: Disziplin, Erste Welle, Face-Saving View, Favoriten, Freundlichkeit, Good manners, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, (Im)Politeness Research, Klassiker, Kommunikation, Kultur, Linguistik, Modelle/Theorien, Pragmatik, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sprache, Sprachliche Universalien, Überblick, universale Prinzipien 2008
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(2008): Politeness. Some universals in language usage. 17. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Abstract: This study is about the principles for constructing polite speeches. The core of it first appeared in Questions and Politeness, edited by Esther N. Goody (now out of print). It is here reissued with a fresh introduction that surveys the considerable literature in linguistics, psychology and the social sciences that the original extended essay stimulated, and suggests distinct directions for research. The authors describe and account for some remarkable parallelisms in the linguistic construction of utterances with which people express themselves in different languages and cultures. A motive for these parallels is isolated - politeness, broadly defined to include both polite friendliness and polite formality - and a universal model is constructed outlining the abstract principles underlying polite usages. This is based on the detailed study of three unrelated languages and cultures: the Tamil of South India, the Tzeltal spoken by Mayan Indians in Chiapas, Mexico, and the English of the USA and England, supplemented by examples from other cultures. Underneath the apparent diversity of polite behaviour in different societies lie some general pan-human principles of social interaction, and the model of politeness provides a tool for analysing the quality of social relations in any society. This volume will be of special interest to students in linguistic pragmatics, sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, anthropology, and the sociology and social psychology of interaction
1990
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(1990): Perspectives on politeness. In: Journal of Pragmatics 14 (2), S. 219-236. DOI: 10.1016/0378-2166(90)90081-N
Abstract: This paper reviews four current approaches to an account of politeness: the social-norm view; the conversational-maxim view; the face-saving view; and the conversational-contract view. A characterization is given for each, followed by a discussion of certain salient aspects of the approach. While none of the views is considered adequate, the face-saving view is seen as the most clearly articulated and most thoroughly worked out, therefore providing the best framework within which to raise the crucial questions about politeness that must now be addressed.
1978
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(1978) : Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena In: Goody, Esther N.: Questions and politeness: Strategies in social interaction: 1. Aufl.: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, S. 56-289
Abstract: This study is about the principles for constructing polite speech. We describe and account for some remarkable parallelisms in the linguistic construction of utterances with which people express themselves in different languges and cultures. A motive for these parallels is isolated - politeness, broadly defined to include both polite friendliness and polite formality - and a universal model is constructed outlining the abstract principles underlying polite usages. This is based on the detailed study of three unrelated languages and cultures: the Tamil of south India, the Tzeltal spoken by Mayan Indians in Chiapas, Mexico, and the English of the USA and England, supplemented by examples from other cultures. Of general interest is the point that underneaath the apparent diversity of polite behaviour in different societies lie some general pan-human principles of social interaction, and the model of politenss provides a tool for analysing the quality of social relations in any society.
Keywords: Brown & Levinson, Disziplin, Erste Welle, Face-Saving View, Favoriten, FTA Face Threatening Acts, Good manners, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, (Im)Politeness Research, Kultur, Linguistik, Macht, Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Distanz, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, Sprachgebrauch, Status / biologische Marker
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