Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): "You Need to Be a Good Listener". Recruiters' Use of Relational Communication Behaviors to Enhance Clinical Trial and Research Study Accrual. In: Journal of health communication 22 (2), S. 95-101. DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2016.1256356
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28085636 Abstract: Medical and research professionals who discuss clinical trials and research studies with potential participants face an often daunting challenge, particularly when recruiting from minority and underserved populations. This study reports on findings from a focus group study of 63 research coordinators, study nurses, professional recruiters, and other professionals in Indianapolis, IN and Miami, FL who work to recruit from minority and underserved populations. These professionals discussed the importance of creating a sense of connection with potential participants as part of the recruitment and retention process. Building a relationship, however fleeting, involved a number of concrete behaviors, including listening to personal information, expressing empathy, and then providing reciprocal self-disclosures; having repeated contact, usually by working in the same environment over an extended period of time; demonstrating respect through politeness and the use of honorifics; going the extra mile for participants; offering flexibility in scheduling follow-up appointments; and creating a sense of personal and community trust by being truthful. The implications of these findings for clinical trial and research study accrual are discussed.
Keywords: Adult, Aufrichtigkeit/Truthfulness, Benutzen von Respektanrede/Honorifics, Bereitschaft zu Termin-Flexibilität, Bereitschaft, für den Interaktionspartner mehr Aufwand auf sich zu nehmen, als erwartet wird, Clinical Trials as Topic, Communication, Demonstration von Respekt gegenüber dem Interaktionspartner, Empathie, Female, Florida, Focus Groups, Häufigkeit des Kontakts mit dem Interaktionspartner, Humans, Indiana, Kommunikations-/Interaktionsprinzipien, Listening to personal information, Male, Middle Aged, Minority Groups, Patient Selection, Research Personnel/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Researcher-Subject Relations, Self-disclosure, time, Übermitteln von Gefühlen/Emotionen, Vulnerable Populations, Young Adult 2016
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(2016): Design and Evaluation of a Touch-Centered Calming Interaction with a Social Robot. In: IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 7 (2), S. 108-121. DOI: 10.1109/TAFFC.2015.2457893
Abstract: With advances in sensor and actuator design, intelligent computing techniques and personal care robotics, today's robots hold promise as fully interactive, therapeutic human companions. To achieve this ambitious goal, key interaction components must be identified and then systematically designed and evaluated. Based on successes of human-animal therapy, we propose affective touch as one such component. Delivering this adjunct in a controllable robot form allows us to examine its efficacy for therapeutic applications such as anxiety management. With an approach grounded in social cognitive theories for human-animal relations, we deployed a social robot, the Haptic Creature, in an interaction designed to be calming: participants held the robot on their laps and stroked it as it was breathing. As a result, their heart and respiration rates significantly decreased relative to stroking a non-breathing robot. They also reported themselves as calmer and happier.
2015
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(2015) : Public Space Ambient Intelligence Systems: Benefits, Approaches and Challenges In: ARCS: ARCS 2015 - The 28th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems. Proceedings: Berlin: Axel Springer SE, S. 1-6. Online verfügbar unter https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7107106/
Abstract: Modern public shared spaces offer a wide range of business and social functionalities. While they need to be efficiently operated, offering a secure environment is a prime objective. Manifold sensors and actuators, such as public lamps, surveillance systems or emergency phones, have been utilized in order to achieve this goal. Lights, cameras and a variate number of other sensors have been dealt with as discrete components. The problem may be looked at generically in solving the spatiotemporal requirements of monitoring the complete space, but plenty of factors should be carefully considered for feasible solution. The paper looks into utilizing the existing infrastructure within shared spaces, such as public lampposts for establishing a smart monitoring and management sensor-actuator networks or what we call public space Ambient Intelligence (PSAmI). We do this by presenting an appropriate system organization for such systems that is based on a real public space, Albert Park, NZ. Furthermore, we discuss the potential benefits of the integration of heterogeneous sensors and actuators. Afterwards, we explore the possible configurations for the lamp posts with a special focus on the camera component. Also, we identify the research challenges for realization of a PSAmI system.
2010
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(2010): Face as an indexical category in interaction. In: Journal of Pragmatics 42 (8), S. 2131-2146. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2009.12.020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2009.12.020 Abstract: Informed by the understanding of indexicality and membership categorization in ethnomethodology (Garfinkel, 1967; Sacks, 1986, 1989), the paper proposes that face is a Janus-like indexical concept which categorizes the self-in-interaction, as it indexes and is indexed by (linguistic) acts, and features of underlying conceptualizations of social practices relevant to the interaction. According to this understanding of face, affective responses, such as pride, liking, solidarity, dissociation, embarrassment or resentment, and other orientations to face derive from (perceived) categorizations emerging in the unfolding interaction. To examine the indexicality of face, membership categorization analysis (Sacks, 1986) is adopted as an analytic tool, and applied to a sequence of interactions in a ceremonial event. The paper further demonstrates that face may be made accountable by employing ‘parallel documents’ in research, defined in the study as data that stand in indexical relations to the situated interaction.
Keywords: Affective responses, Angesicht, Ausdruck von Affekten, Ethnologie, Ethnomethodology, Face, Face (general), Gesichtswahrung, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Indexicality, Indexikalität, Linguistik, Membership categorization analysis, Parallel documents, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sprachgebrauch, Sprachverhalten / sprachliches, zu Emotionen korreliertes Feedback, Übermitteln von Gefühlen/Emotionen 2009
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(2009): The Design of an Expressive Humanlike Socially Assistive Robot. In: Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics 1 (1). DOI: 10.1115/1.2959097
Abstract: It is anticipated that the use of assistive robots will be one of the most important service applications of robotic systems of the future. In this paper, the development of a unique noncontact socially assistive robot consisting of a humanlike demeanor is presented for utilization in hospital wards and nursing/veteran homes to study its role and impact on the well-being of patients, addressing patient's needs and its overall effect on the quality of patient care. The robot will be an embodied entity that will participate in hands-off noncontact social interaction with a patient during the convalescence, rehabilitation, or end-of-life care stage. The robot has been designed as a platform to incorporate the three design parameters of embodiment, emotion, and nonverbal communication to encourage natural human-robot interactions. Herein, we present the overall mechanical design of the socially assistive robot focusing mainly on the development of the actuation system of the face, head, and upper body. In particular, we propose the development of a unique muscle actuation mechanism for the robotic face to allow for the display of rich facial expressions during social assistive interaction scenarios. The novelty of the actuation system is in its use of the dependency of facial muscle activity to minimize the number of individual actuators required to control the robotic face.
Keywords: Design, Disziplin, Embodiment, emotion, Gesicht und assoziierte Zuschreibungen, Gesichtsausdruck, Gestik/Mimik, Ingenieurswissenschaft, Interaktionspartner, Mensch oder Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Nonverbal communication, Nonverbale Kommunikation, Realtechnik, Serviceroboter, Simulation von Emotionen im Gesichtsausdruck, Soziale Robotik, Technik, Übermitteln von Gefühlen/Emotionen -
(2009): Media, affect, concession, and agreement in negotiation. IM versus telephone. In: Decision Support Systems 46 (3), S. 673-684. DOI: 10.1016/j.dss.2008.10.007
Abstract: The communication of affect, the exchange of offers, and the goal of reaching agreement are factors that play key roles in negotiation processes. Although instant messaging (IM) and phone are used for these processes, not much is known about how they influence these key factors. The present study is focused on this issue. By examining natural communication between negotiators who use these media, we find that computer mediation reduces both the amount of affect communicated and concession, which in turn decreases the likelihood of agreement. We also find that the efficacy of affect communicated is significantly reduced by computer mediation. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Keywords: Art des Kommunikationsmediums, breach of social interaction, computervermittelte Kommunikation, Disziplin, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Instant Massaging, Mediationstheorie, Medienwissenschaft, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Philosophie, Realtechnik, Reflexionen über MTR, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Technik, Technikphilosophie, Telefonieren, (Theory of) technological mediation, Übermitteln von Gefühlen/Emotionen, Verhandlungen -
(2009): The Face of Need. Facial Emotion Expression on Charity Advertisements. In: Journal of Marketing Research 46 (6), S. 777-787. DOI: 10.1509/jmkr.46.6.777
Abstract: Advertisements for charities often display photographs of the people they help to evoke the kind of sympathy that engenders giving. This article examines how the expression of emotion on a victim's face affects both sympathy and giving. Building on theories of emotional contagion and sympathy, the authors propose that (1) people "catch" the emotions displayed on a victim's face and (2) they are particularly sympathetic and likely to donate when they see sad expressions versus happy or neutral expressions. Consistent with emotional contagion, participants felt sadder when viewing a sad-faced victim, and their own sadness mediated the effect of emotion expression on sympathy. Contagion effects are automatic and noninferential, but they are diminished by deliberative thought. The authors discuss the implications of using subtle emotional expressions on charitable and other marketing appeals.
2004
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(2004): Etiquette and the design of educational technology. In: Communications of the ACM 47 (4), S. 45-49. DOI: 10.1145/975817.975843
Abstract: There has been a slow but growing realization on the part of the educational technology research community that designers of educational tools must go beyond the purely cognitive aspects of working with computers and factor in the social and psychological aspects as well. The design of appropriate etiquette in educational systems requires adding an additional layer to the issues of traditional interest to HCI researchers and developers. Etiquette is closely connected to contexts of activity and practice—to the goal/contexts/role patterns that structure interactions in a domain. A better understanding of these patterns [7] is essential to building tact and courtesy into our computer programs. We also need to learn from existing research, particularly that of teacher behavior and its effect on student learning and motivation. For instance, a review of the literature on nonverbal behavior indicates that eye contact, gestures, vocal inflections, body movement, and combinations of nonverbal behaviors conveying enthusiasm, animation, and variation of stimuli can positively affect student motivation, attention, teacher ratings, immediate recall, and achievement [4]. This research can be of great utility in the design of appropriate behaviors for pedagogical agents. However, as the three studies described here suggest, we must be careful not to apply these findings to the HCI context indiscriminately. This strategy, though easy to follow, may not always be the most appropriate. Instead, pedagogical etiquette in educational software must be carefully crafted based on sound empirical research sensitive to the complexities of learning and human psychology.
Keywords: Blickkontakt, Computer Science, Design, Design(theorie), digitale Wissenschafts- und Bildungstools, Disziplin, doppelter Treffer, Erziehung, Erziehungswissenschaften, Etikette, Etiquette, Gestik/Mimik, Intellektualtechnik, Interaktionspartner, Mensch oder Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Mensch-Technische Systeme, Realtechnik, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Soziale Angemessenheit, special issue, Sprachgebrauch, Taktgefühl, Technik, Übermitteln von Gefühlen/Emotionen 1991
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(1991): Verbal, prosodic, and kinesic emotive contrasts in speech. In: Journal of Pragmatics 15 (6), S. 521-549. DOI: 10.1016/0378-2166(91)90110-J
Abstract: The signaling of logical relations between, and emotive reactions to, subjects in face-to-face speech are complexly interrelated processes, making it sometimes difficult to fully distinguish what people say from how they say it. Emotive communication, an aspect of the latter (style, rhetoric, speech strategy), may be viewed, following Stankiewicz (1964), as the culturally learned, cognitively mediated use of nonpropositional signals to express feelings, manage impressions, and reach goals in speech. The paper introduces some pragmatically relevant American English verbal, vocal, and kinesic emotive contrasts, e.g., shifts of verbal explicitness, verbal value-ladenness, verbal intensity, vocal emphasis, intonation, gaze, facial expression, body posture and so on, and discusses their functions in speech as signals of (un)assertiveness, (non)affiliation, and (un)involvement. Methodological and theoretical questions raised by the nondiscrete, gradient, ‘more/less’ nature of emotive contrasts are discussed, and some conventional cross-modal emotive strategies in American English are explained. The paper is at once an introduction to basic problems in the study of emotive communication, and an invitation to a synthesis of cognitive and emotive standpoints in pragmatic research on face-to-face speech.
Keywords: Ausdruck von (Nicht-)Zusammengehörigkeitsgefühl, Betonung, Blick / Gaze, Brown & Levinson, Disziplin, Emotive Kommunikation, Erste Welle, Favoriten, FTA Face Threatening Acts, Gestik/Mimik, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Höflichkeitsforschung der ersten Welle, (Im)Politeness Research, Klarheit/Eindeutigkeit der Ausdrucksweise, Körperhaltung, Linguistik, Modelle/Theorien, Politeness, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sprachgebrauch, Sprechmelodie/Prosody, Supportive Facework, Übermitteln von Gefühlen/Emotionen, Wortbedeutung
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