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2009
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(2009) : Adolph von Knigges ‚Über den Umgang mit Menschen‘. Transformationen der frühmodernen in die moderne Höflichkeit In: Rudolph, Andre; Stöckmann, Ernst (Hg.): Aufklärung und Weimarer Klassik im Dialog: 1. Aufl.: s.l.: Max Niemeyer Verlag (Untersuchungen zur deutschen Literaturgeschichte), S. 30-53
Abstract: [-]
1995
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(1995): Etiquette Books and Emotion Management in The 20th Century. Part One--The Integration of Social Classes. In: Journal of Social History 29 (1), S. 107-124. DOI: 10.1353/jsh/29.1.107
Abstract: This is the first part of a comparative study of changes in twentieth-century American, Dutch, English and German etiquette books, focusing on connections between changes in ranking and formality, especially with regard to classes and sexes, and changes in emotional management. Direct references to differences in class, status and gender, particularly with regard to feelings of superiority and inferiority, have diminished or even vanished from the social codes as workers and women came to be further integrated into their national states. Within the consequential narrower limits these codes have become more lenient and varied for a wider and more differentiated public: an informalization process. After a preliminary section on etiquette books as a source of evidence, this first report concentrates on the diminishing social and psychical distance between people of different class and rank. It presents examples of changes in what was written on the 'dangers' of social mixing, familiarity, the use of Christian names and 'social kissing'. These examples indicate an expanding social integration and identification as well as a change in the regimes of power and emotions in the direction of increasing social constraint towards 'unconstrained self-restraint'.
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