Alle Publikationen
1993
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Stäblein, Ruthard (1993): Höflichkeit. Baden-Baden
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(1993) : Psychologie interkulturellen Lernens und Handelns In: Thomas, Alexander; Eckensberger, Lutz H. (Hg.): Kulturvergleichende Psychologie: Eine Einführung: Göttingen: Hogrefe Verl. für Psychologie, S. 377-424
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Thomas, Alexander; Eckensberger, Lutz H. (Hg.) (1993): Kulturvergleichende Psychologie. Eine Einführung. Göttingen: Hogrefe Verl. für Psychologie
Keywords: Ethnopsychologie, Vergleichende Kulturpsychologie -
(1993): The Social Engagement of Social Science, Volume 2. A Tavistock Anthology--The Socio-Technical Perspective = A Tavistock Anthology--The Socio-Technical Perspective. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press Inc. Online verfügbar unter http://gbv.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=4540244
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(1993): Riding the Waves of Culture. Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business. London: Nicholas Brealey
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(1993): Doppelte Sozialisation und Interaktion. Zur Weiterentwicklung sozialisationstheoretischer Ansatze fur die Frauenforschung. In: Zeitschrift fur Frauenforschung 11 (3), S. 71-81
Abstract: Zur Erforschung der Doppelsozialisation von Frauen fur Beruf und Familie werden Ansatze der Frauenforschung sowie interaktionistische und sozialisationstheoretische Ansatze als fruchtbar betrachtet. Mit ihrer Hilfe konnen die Moglichkeit, widerspruchliche und stereotype Anforderungen kreativ zu bewaltigen sowie die unbewussten Aspekte von Interaktionen ermittelt werden. Methodische Konsequenzen dieser Forschungsansatze werden skizziert. zitiert von 3
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(1993): The Evolution of Conventions. In: Econometrica 61 (1). DOI: 10.2307/2951778
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2951778 Abstract: Consider an n-person game that is played repeatedly, but by different agents. In each period, n players are drawn at random from a large finite population. Each player chooses an optimal strategy based on a sample of information about what others players have done in the past. The sampling defines a stochastic process that, for a large class of games that includes coordination games and common interest games, converges almost surely to a pure strategy Nash equilibrium. Such an equilibrium can be interpreted as the "conventional" way of playing the game. If, in addition, the players sometimes experiment or make mistakes, then society occasionally switches from one convention to another. As the likelihood of mistakes goes to zero, only some conventions (equilibria) have positive probability in the limit. These are known as stochastically stable equilibria. They are essentially the same as the risk dominant equilibria in 2 × 2 games, but for general games the two concepts differ. The stochastically stable equilibria are computed by finding a path of least resistance from every equilibrium to every other, and then finding the equilibrium that has lowest overall resistance. This is a special case of a general theorem on perturbed Markov processes that characterizes their stochastically stable states graph-theoretically.
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(1993): Children's linguistic choices. Audience design and societal norms. In: Language in Society 22 (02). DOI: 10.1017/S0047404500017139
Abstract: To reexamine the explanation of stylistic variation given by Bell 1984, this article considers Bell's audience design factors in relation to those associated with the domains described by Fishman 1972. Data collected longitudinally from three preschool children in the Trinidad sociolinguistic complex were examined for variation in production of Trinidad Creole and Standard English verb forms. All three children exhibited stylistic variation; but the nature of the variation shed further light on audience design, since audience factors sometimes remained constant, while speech patterns exhibited variation. It appears that the demands of the wider Trinidadian society (in particular for children), along with the education system, interact with familial demands to impose social/psychological constraints which impinge on and modify audience design. In addition, an implicational scaling of response to addressee, auditor, overhearer, and eavesdropper cannot be unequivocally adopted, since response to audience may vary according to the personal significance which individuals in a given setting have for the child-speaker.
Keywords: Adressat eines Sprechaktes, Audience design/Anpassung von Sprachverhalten je nach Zuhörer, Belauscher eines Sprechaktes, Design, Kultur, Rolle von Sprecher und Hörer, Situationsbedingte personale Signifikanz eines Zuhörers, Sprachgebrauch, Zufälliger Hörer eines Sprechaktes, Zuhörer eines Sprechaktes 1992
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(1992) : Über die Schwierigkeiten der Psychologie mit dem Gegenstand "Kultur": Kultur und Kulturentwicklung als vernachlässigte Gegenstandsbereiche der Psychologie In: Allesch, Christian G.: Psychologische Aspekte des kulturellen Wandels: Wien: VWGÖ, S. 31-41
Abstract: Im Rahmen theoriegeschichtlicher Überlegungen wird gezeigt, dass Kultur und Kulturentwicklung in der psychologischen Forschung vernachlässigte Gegenstände sind. Dabei wird der Versuch unternommen, Hinweise darauf zu finden, wo die spezifischen Schwierigkeiten der Psychologie im Umgang mit der Kultur liegen. Ein möglicher Ausweg aus diesen Schwierigkeiten wird in der Weiterentwicklung der theoretischen Ansätze von A. Lang, E. Bösch und W. Salber gesehen, die durch eine integrative Sicht des Verhältnisses von Kultur und Subjekt sowie durch die Betonung der Schlüsselrolle von Metaphern im Rahmen der kulturpsychologischen Theorieentwicklung gekennzeichnet sind. Zukünftige Perspektiven der Kulturpsychologie werden abschließend aufgezeigt. zitiert von 2
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Allesch, Christian G. (1992): Psychologische Aspekte des kulturellen Wandels. Wien: VWGÖ
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(1992): Thin slices of expressive behavior as predictors of interpersonal consequences. A meta-analysis. In: Psychological Bulletin 111 (2), S. 256-274. DOI: 10.1037//0033-2909.111.2.256
Abstract: A meta-analysis was conducted on the accuracy of predictions of various objective outcomes in the areas of social and clinical psychology from short observations of expressive behavior (under 5 min). The overall effect size (r) for the accuracy of predictions for 38 different results was .39. Studies using longer periods of behavioral observation did not yield greater predictive accuracy; predictions based on observations under 1/2 min in length did not differ significantly from predictions based on 4- and 5-min observations. The type of behavioral channel (such as the face, speech, the body, tone of voice) on which the ratings were based was not related to the accuracy of predictions. Accuracy did not vary significantly between behaviors manipulated in a laboratory and more naturally occurring behavior. Last, effect sizes did not differ significantly for predictions in the areas of clinical psychology, social psychology, and the accuracy of detecting deception.
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(1992) : Frames, concepts, and conceptual fields In: Lehrer, A.; Kittay, E. (Hg.): Frames, fields, and contrasts: New essays in semantic and lexical organization: Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, S. 21-74
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(1992): The measurement of intercultural sensitivity using the concepts of individualism and collectivism. In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS 16 (4), S. 413-436. DOI: 10.1016/0147-1767(92)90031-O
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(1992): Prozedurale Gerechtigkeit. Das Wie und Warum der Fairness. In: Zeitschrift fur Sozialpsychologie 23 (3), S. 163-178. Online verfügbar unter http://econtent.hogrefe.com/loi/zspx
Abstract: Presents an overview of social psychological research on procedural fairness. The author then differentiates between distributive, interactional and procedural fairness. In addition, several procedures which are widely applied to conflict resolution are identified and their potential effects on perceived fairness are analyzed. Process control effects (i.e., voice) and appeal are emphasized as two important features of the conflict-resolution process. Finally, several theories of procedural justice are described including an attributional framework, referent cognitions theory, impression-management theory, and the mediatory model of distributive and procedural justice. In general, the application of the procedural justice concept in organizational conflicts and in the legal system is emphasized. Ein Uberblick uber die sozialpsychologische Forschung zur prozeduralen Gerechtigkeit wird gegeben. Zunachst wird die Unterscheidung zwischen distributiver, interaktionaler und prozeduraler Fairness erlautert. Dann werden Kriterien der Fairness im Zusammenhang mit diesen drei Formen von Fairness besprochen. Weiterhin werden mehrere Verfahren, die vielfach zur Konfliktlosung angewandt werden, im Hinblick auf ihre Auswirkungen auf die wahrgenommene Fairness analysiert. Effekte der Prozesskontrolle und Berufung werden als zwei wichtige Elemente der Konfliktlosung besonders betont. Abschliessend werden verschiedene Theorien der prozeduralen Gerechtigkeit beschrieben: (1) attributionstheoretischer Ansatz, (2) Referent-Cognitions-Theorie, (3) Impression-Management-Theorie, (4) Mediationsmodell distributiver und prozeduraler Fairness.
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Björkqvist, Kaj; Niemelae, Pirkko (Hg.) (1992): Of mice and women. Aspects of female aggression. 1. [print.]. San Diego: Academic Press
Keywords: Gender, science direct -
(1992): Rede und Antwort. Frankfurt/Main
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(1992): Fairness und Gerechtigkeit in entwicklungspsychologischer Perspektive
Abstract: Fairness und Gerechtigkeit werden in ihrer Bedeutung fur menschliches Handeln im Sport sowie fur die Gruppenerziehung diskutiert. Ausgehend von einer Skizze von Kohlbergs Theorie der Moralentwicklung werden zunachst Prinzipien und Probleme der Gruppenerziehung dargestellt. Daran anschliessend werden Uberlegungen zur Entwicklung intersubjektiver Perspektiven in der Adoleszenz vorgestellt, die in eine Theorie der Freundschaft munden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird das Verhaltnis von gelungenen Sozialbeziehungen und demokratischen Einstellungen erortert. Schliesslich wird versucht, einen der Philosophie entnommenen Begriff der Fairness mit gruppenpsychologischen Uberlegungen zu verbinden.
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(1992): Social appropriateness and impaired perspective in schizophrenia. In: Journal of Clinical Psychology 48 (2), S. 170-177. DOI: 10.1002/1097-4679(199203)48:2<170::AID-JCLP2270480204>3.0.CO;2-2
Abstract: Self-ratings and judges' ratings of social appropriateness were obtained based on videotaped role-enactments of 16 schizophrenic outpatients, 16 mixed psychiatric controls, and 16 normal controls (all Ss aged 23–47 yrs) in mock social interactions. Schizophrenics were rated significantly lower on social appropriateness and were judged on semantic differential scales as showing greater deficiencies in social behavior. As predicted, impaired perspective among schizophrenics appeared to be limited to appraisals of self. Schizophrenics, like the comparison groups, were able to discriminate significantly between appropriate and inappropriate behavior of others. But unlike the comparison groups, schizophrenics rated their own behavior significantly higher in social appropriateness than did judges. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: klinische Psychologie, social appropriateness -
(1992): Social and emotional patterns in adulthood. Support for socioemotional selectivity theory. In: Psychology and Aging 7 (3), S. 331-338. DOI: 10.1037//0882-7974.7.3.331
Abstract: This investigation explored 2 hypotheses derived from socioemotional selectivity theory: (a) Selective reductions in social interaction begin in early adulthood and (b) emotional closeness to significant others increases rather than decreases in adulthood even when rate reductions occur. Transcribed interviews with 28 women and 22 men from the Child Guidance Study, conducted over 34 years, were reviewed and rated for frequency of interaction, satisfaction with the relationship, and degree of emotional closeness in 6 types of relationships. Interaction frequency with acquaintances and close friends declined from early adulthood on. Interaction frequency with spouses and siblings increased across the same time period and emotional closeness increased throughout adulthood in relationships with relatives and close friends. Findings suggest that individuals begin narrowing their range of social partners long before old age.
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(1992): Rational choice theory. New York: Sage
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(1992): Training of social competence - Inidividual case analysis of behavior and urine cortisol-levels. In: ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE PSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 40 (2), S. 179-194
Abstract: The aim of this study is to control the effectiveness of a training in social competence within the framework of a stationary therapy by means of observable behavior and to regard the course of salivary-serum- and urine cortisol in parallel with expected changes in behavior. The behavior assessment showed, that apart from anxiety and a deficiency in social competence, lack of trust and helplessness were essential variables (symptoms). Against the theoretical background of contemporary research in trust and helplessness it was tried to find relations between these factors and to show up relevance for therapy in the case in point. Guided by hypotheses the effects of training and therapy are verified by systematic observation of behavior as well as a significant change of the salivary cortisol values. The development of the therapy and the graphic similarity between the sequence of urine cortisol and the formalised Wortman-Dintzer-Model suggest a corresponding interpretation reservedly. In parallel with Seligman's theories the process could refer to psychophysiological connections between helpless behavior and urine cortisol.
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Deleuze, Gilles; Guattari, Félix (Hg.) (1992): Tausend Plateaus. Kapitalismus und Schizophrenie. Berlin: Merve-Verl.
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(1992): World-mindedness and the nuclear threat: A multinational study.. In: Journal of Social Behavior & Personality 72 (2), S. 293-308
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(1992): Respect and care: Toward moral integration. In: Canadian Journal of Philosophy 22, S. 105-132
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(1992) : ‘Corpus linguistics’ vs. ‘computer-aided armchair linguistics’ In: Svartvik, Jan: Directions in Corpus Linguistics: Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 82, Stockholm, 4-8 August 1991: Berlin: De Gruyter, S. 35-60