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  • 2013

  • Qu, Chao; Brinkman, Willem-Paul; Wiggers, Pascal; Heynderickx, Ingrid (2013): The Effect of Priming Pictures and Videos on a Question–Answer Dialog Scenario in a Virtual Environment. In: Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 22 (2), S. 91-109. DOI: 10.1162/PRES_a_00143

    Abstract: Having a free-speech conversation with avatars in a virtual environment can be desirable in virtual reality applications, such as virtual therapy and serious games. However, recognizing and processing free speech seems too ambitious to realize with the current technology. As an alternative, pre-scripted conversations with keyword detection can handle a number of goal-oriented situations, as well as some scenarios in which the conversation content is of secondary importance. This is, for example, the case in virtual exposure therapy for the treatment of people with social phobia, where conversation is for exposure and anxiety arousal only. A drawback of pre-scripted dialog is the limited scope of the user's answers. The system cannot handle a user's response that does not match the pre-defined content, other than by providing a default reply. A new method, which uses priming material to restrict the possibility of the user's response, is proposed in this paper to solve this problem. Two studies were conducted to investigate whether people can be guided to mention specific keywords with video and/or picture primings. Study 1 was a two-by-two experiment in which participants (n = 20) were asked to answer a number of open questions. Prior to the session, participants watched priming videos or unrelated videos. During the session, they could see priming pictures or unrelated pictures on a whiteboard behind the person who asked the questions. The results showed that participants tended to mention more keywords both with priming videos and pictures. Study 2 shared the same experimental setting but was carried out in virtual reality instead of in the real world. Participants (n = 20) were asked to answer questions of an avatar when they were exposed to priming material, before and/or during the conversation session. The same results were found: the surrounding media content had a guidance effect. Furthermore, when priming pictures appeared in the environment, people sometimes forgot to mention the content they typically would mention.

    Keywords: ACROPHOBIA, Augmented & Virtual Reality, Beeinflussung sozial angemessenen Verhaltens, BEHAVIOR, DISORDERS therapy, FEAR, IN-VIVO, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), METAANALYSIS, Psychologie, PUBLIC-SPEAKING ANXIETY, REALITY EXPOSURE THERAPY, Realtechnik, SOCIAL PHOBIA, Sonder-Intention beim Sprechen/Konversation, SPIDER PHOBIA, Sprachverarbeitung, Technik, technology in therapy, Therapeutische Zwecke, Triggern von angstauslösenden Begriffen, Video/picture priming

  • 2012

  • Kröger, Ulrike; Staufenbiel, Thomas (2012): Entwicklung und Validierung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung von „Adaptive Performance“. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 56 (2), S. 55-69. DOI: 10.1026/0932-4089/a000069

    Abstract: The article deals with the development and validation of a questionnaire measuring adaptive performance (AP). AP is defined as behavior in reaction to changed work situations that promote the functioning of the organization. Consistent with our hypothesis the data reveal a two-dimensional structure for supervisor appraisals as well as for self-assessments, thereby distinguishing between a task oriented and a social focus of adaptivity. Two studies provide empirical evidence that AP is separable from in-role performance and explains specific variance in global performance appraisals of supervisors. Further validations reveal positive correlations of AP and the two traits flexibility and interpersonal skills, whereas, as anticipated, flexibility is higher correlated with task oriented AP, and interpersonal skills higher with social AP.

    Keywords: ADAPTABILITY, adaptivity, Anpassung, BEHAVIOR, COGNITIVE-ABILITY, CONTEXTS, flexibility, MCAA (Management Conflict Adaptivity Assessment) AP Skala (Adaptive Performance) - Anpassungsfähigkeit als Kriterium sozial angemessenen Handelns, METAANALYSIS, model, ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP, ORIENTATION, performance appraisal, Psychologie, TASK, Überblick, WORK, work performance
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