Alle Publikationen
2014
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(2014): Socially Assistive Robots: A Comprehensive Approach to Extending Independent Living. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 6 (2), S. 195-211. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-013-0217-8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-013-0217-8 Abstract: Demographic developments have challenged our research on how to assist elderly people by using robots. The KSERA (Knowledgeable SErvice Robots for Aging) project integrates smart home technology and a socially-assistive robot to extend independent living for elderly people, in particular those with COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). The social robot is the most visible component of the system playing the role of communication interface between the elderly, the smart home, and the external world. The robot’s behavior is determined in part by sensor information gathered through the smart home. To ensure user acceptance, we used user-centered design to implement the robot’s behavior. This paper describes the KSERA system, how it was developed based on user needs, treatment plans, and lab studies, and how we validated the approach through user studies and field trials. The key enabling technologies for successful socially-assistive robots include person- and self-localization abilities, person-aware navigation, speech recognition and generation, robot gestures, emulated emotions, eye contact and joint attention, and audio-video communication with family members and care givers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2014): Adolescent-specific patterns of behavior and neural activity during social reinforcement learning. In: Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience 14 (2), S. 683-697. DOI: 10.3758/s13415-014-0257-z
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24550063 Abstract: Humans are sophisticated social beings. Social cues from others are exceptionally salient, particularly during adolescence. Understanding how adolescents interpret and learn from variable social signals can provide insight into the observed shift in social sensitivity during this period. The present study tested 120 participants between the ages of 8 and 25 years on a social reinforcement learning task where the probability of receiving positive social feedback was parametrically manipulated. Seventy-eight of these participants completed the task during fMRI scanning. Modeling trial-by-trial learning, children and adults showed higher positive learning rates than did adolescents, suggesting that adolescents demonstrated less differentiation in their reaction times for peers who provided more positive feedback. Forming expectations about receiving positive social reinforcement correlated with neural activity within the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum across age. Adolescents, unlike children and adults, showed greater insular activity during positive prediction error learning and increased activity in the supplementary motor cortex and the putamen when receiving positive social feedback regardless of the expected outcome, suggesting that peer approval may motivate adolescents toward action. While different amounts of positive social reinforcement enhanced learning in children and adults, all positive social reinforcement equally motivated adolescents. Together, these findings indicate that sensitivity to peer approval during adolescence goes beyond simple reinforcement theory accounts and suggest possible explanations for how peers may motivate adolescent behavior. zitiert von 59
Keywords: Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Age Factors, Brain Mapping, Brain/blood supply/physiology, Child, Cues, Female, Gruppenverhalten, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Lerntheorien, Male, Motivation, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen/blood, Photic Stimulation, Reinforcement, Reinforcement, Social, Sex Factors, Verhaltensforschung, Young Adult -
(2014): Personality traits and living arrangements in young adulthood. Selection and socialization. In: Developmental Psychology 50 (3), S. 683-698
Abstract: Based on the social investment principle and theories of social relationship differentiation, the present study was conducted to investigate whether personality differences in high school predict young adults' living arrangements (with roommates or a romantic partner, alone, or staying with parents) 2 years later (selection) and whether these different social contexts provoke long-term personality changes (socialization). Using data from a 3-wave longitudinal study of 8,052 high school graduates in Germany, multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed substantial selection effects of the Big Five traits on living arrangements. Propensity score matching was applied to provide a strong test of the socialization effects of these living arrangements. Young adults who lived with roommates showed increases in Openness but the smallest increases in Conscientiousness. Living with a romantic partner was the most beneficial arrangement for the development of Conscientiousness. These results highlight the importance of social contexts for personality development in young adulthood. zitiert von 14
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(2014): Cultural Differences in how an Engagement-Seeking Robot should Approach a Group of People. In: Proceedings of the 5th ACM international conference on Collaboration across boundaries: Culture, Distance & Technology (CABS 2014), S. 121-130. DOI: 10.1145/2631488.2631499
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(2014): Believing on trust. In: Synthese 191 (9), S. 2009-2028. DOI: 10.1007/s11229-013-0376-z
Abstract: The aim of the paper is to propose a way in which believing on trust can ground doxastic justification and knowledge. My focus will be the notion of trust that plays the role depicted by such cases as concerned Hardwig (J Philos 82:335-49, 1985; J Philos 88:693-708, 1991) in his early papers, papers that are often referenced in recent debates in social epistemology. My primary aim is not exegetical, but since it sometimes not so clear what Hardwig's claims are, I offer some remarks of interpretation that might be of interest. The main purpose of the paper, however, is this: following various cues in Hardwig's writing, I specify certain epistemic properties of agents in social systems, such that, roughly speaking, for agents to know (or be justified in believing) what the 'system knows', social relations of epistemic trust between agents in the system are necessary. I will suggest that we can view this social form of epistemic trust as non-inferential dispositions to believe what some individual or other source of information asserts or transmits. When this disposition is discriminating and defeater-sensitive, it can ground knowledge and justification. Or, more cautiously, we should be sympathetic to this view if we are inclined to accept the core insight of process reliabilism. Finally, I will offer some remarks about how epistemic trust and epistemic reasons may relate on this picture.
Keywords: Agenten-Überzeugung, Annahmen, Disziplin, Epistemische Logik/Modallogik/Doxastische Logik/Wissenslogik, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, kognitive Architekturen, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Philosophie, Realtechnik, social systems, Sozialverstehen, Technik, Trust, Überzeugung, Vertrauen -
(2014): Partizipation im aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Diskurs : Anmerkungen zur Vielfalt eines Konzepts und seiner Rolle in der Sozialarbeit. In: Archiv für Wissenschaft und Praxis der sozialen Arbeit 45 (2), S. 4-15
Abstract: Partizipation als zentraler Bestandteil des modernen Demokratieverständnisses beschränkt sich nicht auf die wiederkehrende Teilnahme an Wahlen, sondern umfasst tendenziell immer weitere Lebensbereiche vom zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagement bis zur Beteiligung an Entscheidungen bei der Dienstleistungserbringung. Diese Entwicklung ist Ausdruck veränderter gesellschaftlicher Orientierungen und Einstellungen im Kontext globalen sozialen Wandels
Keywords: soziale Arbeit, Soziale Teilhabe -
(2014) : Robot Etiquette: How to Approach a Pair of People?: 2014 9th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): 2014 9th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Bielefeld, Germany: Association for Computing Machinery, S. 196-197
Abstract: Research has been carried out on robots approaching one person [1, 3, 4]. However, further research is needed on robots approaching groups of people. In the study reported in this paper, we studied participants who were paired up for a task and assessed their perception and behaviors as they were approached by a robot from various angles. On an individual level, participants liked the frontal approaches, and they disliked being approached from the back. However, we found that the presence of a task-partner influenced participants’ comfort with a robot approaching (i.e. when the robot approaches and one is standing behind the task-partner). Apart from the positioning of the individuals, the layout of the room, position of furniture and doors, also seemed to influence their experience. This pilot study was performed with a limited number of participants (N=30). However, the study offers preliminary insights into the factors that influence the choice for a robot approach direction when approaching a pair of people that are focused on a task.
Keywords: approach direction, comfort, ethical aspects, frontal approaches, Games, Human Factors, Human robot interaction, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, individual level, Layout, Legged locomotion, man-machine systems, Moral & Ethik, multiple people, organisational aspects, robot approach direction, robot approaches, robot etiquette, Robots, Task Analysis, task oriented, task-partner influenced participants -
(2014) : Status, Power and Felicity In: Stets, Jan E.; Turner, Jonathan H. (Hg.): Handbook of the Sociology of Emotions: Volume II: Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands (Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research), S. 155-177
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9130-4_8 Abstract: Status-power theory provides a broad approach to emotions based on the idea that a large class of emotions results from 'real, recollected or imagined outcomes of social interaction,' with interaction defined in status-power terms. In this chapter, I address the relationship between status-power outcomes and the emotion/feeling of felicity (happiness, satisfaction, contentment or well-being). In prior statements of the theory happiness was predicted from the interaction outcome of improvement in status (or standing) in a group, e.g., receiving a compliment, winning a prize, gaining a promotion; and also from the relational condition of providing status to another actor, especially notable in the case of love. This position is still maintained here, but new work in status-power theory (described in this chapter) and on how to formulate positive emotions leads to a more differentiated approach to the question of what kinds of social relations make a person feel happy. First , I will briefly review status-power theory, including an up-dated conceptualization of happiness-relevant outcomes, focusing on four relational conditions in the status-power approach. Second, I will present some general considerations that bear on status-power outcomes and happiness. Third, I will review the literature pertaining to happiness outcomes in the four relational conditions. Finally, because many students of happiness believe happiness is an outcome of living a 'meaningful' life, I will consider the status-power significance of meaningfulness (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 5
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(2014): Global Health Diplomacy, ’Smart Power’, and the New World Order. In: GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 9 (7), S. 787-807
Abstract: Both the theory and practice of foreign policy and diplomacy, including systems of hard and soft power, are undergoing paradigm shifts, with an increasing number of innovative actors and strategies contributing to international relations outcomes in the 'New World Order'. Concurrently, global health programmes continue to ascend the political spectrum in scale, scope and influence. This concatenation of circumstances has demanded a re-examination of the existing and potential effectiveness of global health programmes in the 'smart power' context, based on adherence to a range of design, implementation and assessment criteria, which may simultaneously optimise their humanitarian, foreign policy and diplomatic effectiveness. A synthesis of contemporary characteristics of 'global health diplomacy' and 'global health as foreign policy', grouped by common themes and generated in the context of related field experiences, are presented in the form of 'Top Ten' criteria lists for optimising both diplomatic and foreign policy effectiveness of global health programmes, and criteria are presented in concert with an examination of implications for programme design and delivery. Key criteria for global health programmes that are sensitised to both diplomatic and foreign policy goals include visibility, sustainability, geostrategic considerations, accountability, effectiveness and alignment with broader policy objectives. Though diplomacy is a component of foreign policy, criteria for 'diplomatically-sensitised' versus 'foreign policy-sensitised' global health programmes were not always consistent, and were occasionally in conflict, with each other. The desirability of making diplomatic and foreign policy criteria explicit, rather than implicit, in the context of global health programme design, delivery and evaluation are reflected in the identified implications for (1) international security, (2) programme evaluation, (3) funding and resource allocation decisions, (4) approval systems and (5) training. On this basis, global health programmes are shown to provide a valuable, yet underutilised, tool for diplomacy and foreign policy purposes, including their role in the pursuit of benign international influence. A corresponding alignment of resources between 'hard' and 'smart' power options is encouraged.
Keywords: diplomatic training, SvA -
(2014): Generating Task-Oriented Interactions of Service Robots. In: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 44 (8), S. 981-994. DOI: 10.1109/TSMC.2014.2298214
Abstract: Human-robot interaction (HRI) may play a key role in enhancing a robot's capability in practical service tasks, allowing productive human-robot collaboration. To obtain appropriate human aid for conducting tasks, a robot should be capable of generating meaningful questions regarding the task procedures in real time and applying the results to modify its task plans or behaviors. However, few studies on integrating robot task management and HRI in such high-level task planning exist. In this paper, we propose a new scheme of script-based task planning and HRI that supports the planning and is generated by it. The planning operates on a set of plain and easily writable task procedures, or scripts. The approach produces robust, practical, and easy-to-manipulate robot behavior. Based on the scripts, the system identifies plan ambiguities that require interaction with humans, and resolves them using the human response. The interaction thus generated is highly relevant and task-oriented. The robot learns from the interaction history to improve its subsequent planning in general, or personalize it. Two simulation cases, of a home service and a museum-guide robot, are presented to show how the robots lead appropriate interaction and smoothly adjust their task plans to user commands or responses. Such close integration of HRI and robot task planning is expected to advance the practicality of service robots.
Keywords: ALIGNMENT, Communication, CONTROL ARCHITECTURE, Design, human-robot interaction, INTEGRATION, KNOWLEDGE, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), MIND, PROGRAMS, Realtechnik, Science and Technology Studies (STS), script, script-based task planning, service robot, Serviceroboter, Soziale Robotik, task-oriented interaction, Technik -
(2014) : A Robot that Perceives Human Emotions and Implications in human-robot interaction: The 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Edinburgh, Scotland: IEEE, S. 495-498
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2014.6926301 Abstract: In human - robot interaction many different signals are used by robots in order to get a proper environment representation. Even more so, the social robots, whose primary task is to maintain successful interaction with humans, should use input signals in order to model the human itself. One important human characteristic is the human emotional state. As a result, perceiving human emotions is one challenging task for social robots. This paper is a summary of the construction of an example robot that can perceive human emotion evaluation based on some new implementation ideas. Here, the building process is described along with the challenges and the results from the research. Experimental results are used to support the conclusion. The importance of robots that perceive emotion evaluation in human-robot interaction in general is stated as well.
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(2014): "She deserved it". Effects of sexism norms, type of violence, and victim's pre-assault behavior on blame attributions toward female victims and approval of the aggressor's behavior. In: Violence against women 20 (4), S. 446-464. DOI: 10.1177/1077801214528581
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24686127 Abstract: Effects of ambivalent sexism, sexism norms, victim behavior, and type of violence on male students' reactions to male violence against women in intimate relationships were examined. Participants judged a scenario depicting an act of sexual or non-sexual violence against a female partner who had either shown overtly sexual or non-sexual behavior toward another man. Generally, high (vs. low) hostile sexism, high (vs. low) hostile sexism norm feedback, and victim's overtly sexual (vs. non-sexual) behavior led to stronger victim blame and perceived approval of the aggressor's behavior. The victim of non-sexual violence was blamed more than the rape victim, particularly if she had behaved in an overtly sexual manner.
Keywords: Adult, Attitude, Crime Victims, Culture, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Missbrauch, Normen, Rape, Sexism, Social Behavior, Social Perception, Spouse Abuse, Stereotyping, Young Adult -
(2014): Examining the many dimensions of children’s popularity. In: Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 33 (1), S. 62-80. DOI: 10.1177/0265407514562562
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407514562562 Abstract: Using peer nomination data, this study explored predictors of popularity among 144 third- through eighth-grade students in a diverse urban school. Findings demonstrated that children were more likely to be nominated as popular by peers when they exhibited higher levels of prosocial behavior or aggression. Furthermore, a significant interaction between prosocial behavior and aggression predicted popularity. Children with high levels of peer-nominated aggression were more likely to be viewed as popular when they were also nominated by their peers for engaging in high levels of prosocial behavior. Lastly, findings suggested that the positive association between prosocial behavior and popularity was stronger for girls than boys. Implications and areas for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 14
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(2014): Describing Cross-cultural Speech Behavior: A Communicative-pragmatic Field Approach. In: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 154, S. 184-192. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.133
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.133 Abstract: The article aims to introduce a new methodology for contrastive description of speech acts patterns, such as wish, order, apology, promise, etc. The proposed analysis is based on a new type of field, the communicative-pragmatic field, which can be used to describe linguistic realization of communicative behavior of interactants. The first part of the paper defines the place of the field in question among other types of fields, and describes the principles of the organization of the field as well as its structure and composition. The second part discusses main principles and peculiarities of the linguistic analysis based on the communicative-pragmatic field approach through the example of several speech acts.
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(2014): Children's norm enforcement in their interactions with peers. In: CHILD DEVELOPMENT 85 (3), S. 1108-1122. DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12178
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24138135 Abstract: This study investigates how children negotiate social norms with peers. In Study 1, 48 pairs of 3- and 5-year-olds (N = 96) and in Study 2, 48 pairs of 5- and 7-year-olds (N = 96) were presented with sorting tasks with conflicting instructions (one child by color, the other by shape) or identical instructions. Three-year-olds differed from older children: They were less selective for the contexts in which they enforced norms, and they (as well as the older children to a lesser extent) used grammatical constructions objectifying the norms ("It works like this" rather than "You must do it like this"). These results suggested that children's understanding of social norms becomes more flexible during the preschool years.
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(2014): Learning Compliant Manipulation through Kinesthetic and Tactile Human-Robot Interaction. In: IEEE Transactions on Haptics 7 (3), S. 367-380. DOI: 10.1109/TOH.2013.54
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2013.54 Abstract: Robot Learning from Demonstration (RLfD) has been identified as a key element for making robots useful in daily lives. A wide range of techniques has been proposed for deriving a task model from a set of demonstrations of the task. Most previous works use learning to model the kinematics of the task, and for autonomous execution the robot then relies on a stiff position controller. While many tasks can and have been learned this way, there are tasks in which controlling the position alone is insufficient to achieve the goals of the task. These are typically tasks that involve contact or require a specific response to physical perturbations. The question of how to adjust the compliance to suit the need of the task has not yet been fully treated in Robot Learning from Demonstration. In this paper, we address this issue and present interfaces that allow a human teacher to indicate compliance variations by physically interacting with the robot during task execution. We validate our approach in two different experiments on the 7 DoF Barrett WAM and KUKA LWR robot manipulators. Furthermore, we conduct a user study to evaluate the usability of our approach from a non-roboticists perspective.
Keywords: Algorithms, Analysis, Bedienung & Handhabung, Biomechanical Phenomena, compliance control, compliance variations, compliant control, compliant manipulation, Computer Simulation, education, Force, haptic feedback, haptic interfaces, human-robot interaction, Humans, Impedance, Joints, Kinesthesis, kinesthetic human-robot interaction, KUKA LWR robot manipulators, Learning, manipulator kinematics, Physical Human-Robot Interaction, position control, RLfD, Robot kinematics, robot learning from demonstration, Robot sensing systems, Robotics, stiff position controller, tactile human-robot interaction, tactile interfaces, task kinematics, task model, Task Performance, Touch -
Kruse, Andreas (2014): Das letzte lebensjahr. Zur korperlichen, psychischen und sozialen situation des alten ... menschen am ende seines lebens. [Place of publication not identified]: Kohlhammer Verlag
Keywords: Gerontologie, Soziale Teilhabe -
(2014): Keep an Eye on the Task! How Gender Typicality of Tasks Influence Human–Robot Interactions. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 6 (3), S. 417-427. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-014-0244-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-014-0244-0 Abstract: In an experiment, we tested whether the gender typicality of a human "robot interaction (HRI) task would affect the users" performance during HRI and the users' evaluation, acceptance and anthropomorphism of the robot. N=73 participants (38 females and 35 males) performed either a stereotypically male or a stereotypically female task while being instructed by either a "male" or a "female" robot. Results revealed that gender typicality of the task significantly affected our dependent measures: More errors occurred when participants collaborated with the robot in the context of a stereotypically female work domain. Moreover, when participants performed a typically female task with the robot they were less willing to accept help from the robot in a future task and they anthropomorphized the robot to a lower extent. These effects were independent of robot and participant gender. Our findings demonstrate that the gender typicality of HRI tasks substantially influences HRI as well as humans' perceptions and acceptance of a robot.
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(2014): Towards robust task execution for domestic service robots. In: Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 76 (1), S. 5-33. DOI: 10.1007/s10846-013-0005-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-013-0005-6 Abstract: In the field of domestic service robots, recovery from faults is crucial to promote user acceptance. In this context we will focus, in particular, on some specific faults which arise from interaction of the robot with its real world environment. In these situations even a well modelled robot may fail to perform its tasks successfully due to external faults which occur while interacting. We reason along the most frequent failures in typical scenarios which we have observed in real-world demonstrations and competitions using the autonomous service robot Jenny. We propose four different fault classes caused by disturbances, imperfect perception, inadequate planning or chaining of action sequences. The faults are first classified and then mapped to a small number of fault handling techniques partly known, partly extended by us. In addition to existing techniques we present two approaches to handle external faults from inadequate descriptions of the planner operator class. The first approach uses naive physics concepts to find information about detected external faults. The second approach is simulation based, utilising a single simulation that shows a manipulated object’s behaviour for successfully completing an action. The approach uses the N-Bins learning algorithm to suggest a releasing state of the object that avoids the occurrence of external faults. We apply the proposed approaches to the scenarios where a robot performs the pick-and-place manipulation tasks. The results of these applications show that both approaches hold great promises for handling external faults in domestic service robotics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2014): The technology acceptance puzzle. Results of a representative survey in Lower Saxony. In: Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie 47 (8), S. 641-647. DOI: 10.1007/s00391-014-0830-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-014-0830-7 Abstract: It is widely taken for granted that the interest in technology decreases with increasing age. Many studies and especially large scale surveys seem to confirm declining technology acceptance; however, it is argued that composition effects (e.g. increasing proportions of women among the older age groups), cohort effects (e.g. experience with different technologies during the lifetime) and various living and health conditions (e.g. living alone, having children in the neighborhood and experience of falls) have to be taken into account and that these factors will have different impacts on the acceptance of different scenarios of assistive technologies. The analyses are based on data from a self-administered questionnaire (n = 2032, a representative random sample of individuals aged 50 years and above in Lower Saxony, Germany). The survey briefly introduced four scenarios of ambient assisted living (AAL) technologies. Multinominal logistic regression was used to explore the correlations of acceptance and the independent variables mentioned. The results show that the simple assumption of an age effect, i.e. technology acceptance generally declines with increasing age, is misleading. An answer to the question whether older people will make use of assistive technologies in the future should consider specific scenarios and also various socioeconomic variables.
Keywords: 80 and over, Age Distribution, Aged, Assistenz, Attitude to Health, Biomedical Technology, Epidemiology, Female, Germany, Gerontologie, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Numerical Data, Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology/statistics & numerical data, PSYCHOLOGY, Self-Help Devices, Socioeconomic Factors, Statistics, Surveys and Questionnaires -
(2014): Effects of Honor Codes and Classroom Justice on Students’ Deviant Behavior. In: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 112, S. 77-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1141
Abstract: This study examined the influence of honor codes and classroom just ice on students’ deviant behavior. One hundred and two final year undergraduate students studying in various higher institutions of learning in Nigeria part icipated in the study, including Bayero University, Kano, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Kano State Polytechnic and Federal College of Education, Zaria. Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA analysis were conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze the data. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that Honor codes had a significant negetive effect on students’ deviant behavior. On the contrary, the results showed that classroom justice had no significant effect on students’ deviant behavior. Furthermore, the findings of the study revealed a significant difference instudent deviant by gender, age categories and ethnicity. The managerial implications for the school administrators, lecturers and educational policy makers a rediscussed. zitiert von 2
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(2014): Categorization and its embodiment. Korean tautological constructions in mental spaces theory. In: Language Sciences 45, S. 44-55
Abstract: Nominal tautological constructions have been the subject of much controversy with regard to whether the processes by which they are construed belong to the domain of semantics or the realm of pragmatics. Rather than discussing them within the all-or-nothing frames that radical semanticists and radical pragmaticists have created, this nonradical paper argues that the construal of nominal tautologies relies on two major cognitive abilities: the ability to discern whether a nominal expression refers to a specific entity or to a generic one in the given context, and the ability to assess the referent of a nominal with respect to its relation to its category and to bind it to a prototype relation, or a stereotype relation, or a peripheral relation, or to the category as a whole. I use Korean nominal tautologies as a case study to explore the functions of these critical abilities, and use mental-spaces theory to model the covert semantic bindings evoked by the constructions.
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(2014): Emotion attribution to a non-humanoid robot in different social situations. In: PLoS one 9 (12)
Abstract: In the last few years there was an increasing interest in building companion robots that interact in a socially acceptable way with humans. In order to interact in a meaningful way a robot has to convey intentionality and emotions of some sort in order to increase believability. We suggest that human-robot interaction should be considered as a specific form of inter-specific interaction and that human–animal interaction can provide a useful biological model for designing social robots. Dogs can provide a promising biological model since during the domestication process dogs were able to adapt to the human environment and to participate in complex social interactions. In this observational study we propose to design emotionally expressive behaviour of robots using the behaviour of dogs as inspiration and to test these dog-inspired robots with humans in inter-specific context. In two experiments (wizard-of-oz scenarios) we examined humans’ ability to recognize two basic and a secondary emotion expressed by a robot. In Experiment 1 we provided our companion robot with two kinds of emotional behaviour (’happiness’ and ’fear’), and studied whether people attribute the appropriate emotion to the robot, and interact with it accordingly. In Experiment 2 we investigated whether participants tend to attribute guilty behaviour to a robot in a relevant context by examining whether relying on the robot’s greeting behaviour human participants can detect if the robot transgressed a predetermined rule. Results of Experiment 1 showed that people readily attribute emotions to a social robot and interact with it in accordance with the expressed emotional behaviour. Results of Experiment 2 showed that people are able to recognize if the robot transgressed on the basis of its greeting behaviour. In summary, our findings showed that dog-inspired behaviour is a suitable medium for making people attribute emotional states to a non-humanoid robot. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adult, Age Factors, Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Animals, Attitude, Attribution, Dogs, emotional behavior, Emotions, Female, Guilt, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, non-humanoid robot, Questionnaires, Recognition (Psychology), Robotics, Sex Factors, social situation, Surveys, Young Adult -
(2014) : Bringing the Critical Back in. Toward the Resurrection of the Frankfurt School In: Dahms, Harry F.: Mediations of social life in the 21st century, 32: First edition: Bingle, UK: Emerald Group Publishing (Current Perspectives in Social Theory), S. 195-227
Abstract: Purpose - To resurrect and renew the tradition of the early Frankfurt School, whose of Marxist-Hegelian dialectical approach to understanding the societal conditions of its emergence - post World War I Germany, the rise of fascism, New Deal politics, the defeat of fascism, and the subsequent rise of consumer society - remains relevant to studying present circumstances, stressing the cultural dimension of capitalism, the proliferation of alienation, ideology, and mass media, and, finally, the nature of the society-character/subjectivity nexus. Methodology - Employing a comparative historical approach to the study of alienation, ideology, and character, to articulate social-theoretical standards for critical social research today. Social implications - Global civilization faces an array of crises, beginning with economies whose lack of growth or stability the ability of a large segment of the world's population to obtain jobs conducive to a decent standard of life. With governments' inability to implement public policies to buffer instabilities, cultural values are in crisis as well. Findings - Reviving the framework of early Frankfurt School Critical Theory is necessary to promote a better world. Originality - Reconstructing key concerns of the Frankfurt School is conducive to critiquing this tradition's recent preoccupation with communication and recognition, and demonstrates how the first generation's legacy helps us understand contemporary social movements of the Right and the Left, in ways that are similar to the Weimar Republic in Germany. Both the Right and the Left being products of legitimation crises that trigger a desire for regressive or progressive social change - the Right would restore a mythical past, the Left would foster a new social order based on humanistic concerns.
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(2014): An adaptation algorithm for an intelligent natural language tutoring system. In: Computers & Education 71, S. 97-110. DOI: 10.1016/j.compedu.2013.09.014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.09.014 Abstract: The focus of computerised learning has shifted from content delivery towards personalised online learning with Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). Oscar Conversational ITS (CITS) is a sophisticated ITS that uses a natural language interface to enable learners to construct their own knowledge through discussion. Oscar CITS aims to mimic a human tutor by dynamically detecting and adapting to an individual's learning styles whilst directing the conversational tutorial. Oscar CITS is currently live and being successfully used to support learning by university students. The major contribution of this paper is the development of the novel Oscar CITS adaptation algorithm and its application to the Felder–Silverman learning styles model. The generic Oscar CITS adaptation algorithm uniquely combines the strength of an individual's learning style preference with the available adaptive tutoring material for each tutorial question to decide the best fitting adaptation. A case study is described, where Oscar CITS is implemented to deliver an adaptive SQL tutorial. Two experiments are reported which empirically test the Oscar CITS adaptation algorithm with students in a real teaching/learning environment. The results show that learners experiencing a conversational tutorial personalised to their learning styles performed significantly better during the tutorial than those with an unmatched tutorial.