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2010
Sedikides, Constantine; Gebauer, Jochen E. (2010): Religiosity as self-enhancement. A meta-analysis of the relation between socially desirable responding and religiosity. In: Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc 14 (1), S. 17-36. DOI: 10.1177/1088868309351002

DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940283

Abstract: In a meta-analysis, the authors test the theoretical formulation that religiosity is a means for self-enhancement. The authors operationalized self-enhancement as socially desirable responding (SDR) and focused on three facets of religiosity: intrinsic, extrinsic, and religion-as-quest. Importantly, they assessed two moderators of the relation between SDR and religiosity. Macro-level culture reflected countries that varied in degree of religiosity (from high to low: United States, Canada, United Kingdom). Micro-level culture reflected U.S. universities high (Christian) versus low (secular) on religiosity. The results were generally consistent with the theoretical formulation. Both macro-level and micro-level culture moderated the relation between SDR and religiosity: This relation was more positive in samples that placed higher value on religiosity (United States > Canada > United Kingdom; Christian universities > secular universities). The evidence suggests that religiosity is partly in the service of self-enhancement.

Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Canada, Christianity, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Culture, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Metaanalyse, Motivation, Religion, Religion and Psychology, Self Concept, Social Desirability, Social Values, Soziale Erwünschtheit, Sozialpsychologie, United Kingdom, United States, Young Adult
2008
Seligman, Rebecca; Kirmayer, Laurence J. (2008): Dissociative experience and cultural neuroscience. Narrative, metaphor and mechanism. In: Culture, medicine and psychiatry 32 (1), S. 31-64. DOI: 10.1007/s11013-007-9077-8

DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18213511

Abstract: Approaches to trance and possession in anthropology have tended to use outmoded models drawn from psychodynamic theory or treated such dissociative phenomena as purely discursive processes of attributing action and experience to agencies other than the self. Within psychology and psychiatry, understanding of dissociative disorders has been hindered by polemical "either/or" arguments: either dissociative disorders are real, spontaneous alterations in brain states that reflect basic neurobiological phenomena, or they are imaginary, socially constructed role performances dictated by interpersonal expectations, power dynamics and cultural scripts. In this paper, we outline an approach to dissociative phenomena, including trance, possession and spiritual and healing practices, that integrates the neuropsychological notions of underlying mechanism with sociocultural processes of the narrative construction and social presentation of the self. This integrative model, grounded in a cultural neuroscience, can advance ethnographic studies of dissociation and inform clinical approaches to dissociation through careful consideration of the impact of social context.

Keywords: Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Beeinflussung sozial angemessenen Verhaltens, Brain/physiopathology, chemisch / neurologisch / medikamentös / durch Substanzen, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cultural Characteristics, Culture, Dissociative Disorders/diagnosis/physiopathology/psychology, Female, Humans, Konstruktion des Selbst, Magic, Mental Healing, metaphor, Narration, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Pathologie, Religion and Psychology, Social Conformity, Witchcraft

2010

2008

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