Alle Publikationen
1995
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(1995): Etiquette Books and Emotion Management in The 20th Century. Part One--The Integration of Social Classes. In: Journal of Social History 29 (1), S. 107-124. DOI: 10.1353/jsh/29.1.107
Abstract: This is the first part of a comparative study of changes in twentieth-century American, Dutch, English and German etiquette books, focusing on connections between changes in ranking and formality, especially with regard to classes and sexes, and changes in emotional management. Direct references to differences in class, status and gender, particularly with regard to feelings of superiority and inferiority, have diminished or even vanished from the social codes as workers and women came to be further integrated into their national states. Within the consequential narrower limits these codes have become more lenient and varied for a wider and more differentiated public: an informalization process. After a preliminary section on etiquette books as a source of evidence, this first report concentrates on the diminishing social and psychical distance between people of different class and rank. It presents examples of changes in what was written on the 'dangers' of social mixing, familiarity, the use of Christian names and 'social kissing'. These examples indicate an expanding social integration and identification as well as a change in the regimes of power and emotions in the direction of increasing social constraint towards 'unconstrained self-restraint'.
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(1995): The social meaning of money. New York, NY: Basic Books
Abstract: A dollar is a dollar--or so most of us believe. Indeed, it is part of the ideology of our time that money is a single, impersonal instrument that impoverishes social life by reducing social relations to cold, hard cash. Arguing against this conventional wisdom, Viviana Zelizer, a distinguished social scientist and prize-winning author, shows how people have invented their own forms of currency, earmarking money in ways that baffle market theorists, incorporating funds into webs of friendship and family relations, and otherwise varying the process by which spending and saving takes place.
Keywords: Youssef, Ramy 1994
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Adelson, Beth (1994): Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM SIGCAPH Computers and the Physically Handicapped; ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques; ACM Special Interest Group on Supporting Group Work; ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction. New York, NY: ACM
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(1994): Soziales Handeln im Sport und Sportunterricht. Schorndorf: Hofmann (Texte - Quellen - Dokumente zur Sportwissenschaft)
Abstract: Aus sozialpsychologischer Perspektive wird die Bedeutung von Geschlechterunterschieden im sozialen Handeln im Überblick erörtert. Dabei stehen die folgenden Aspekte im Vordergrund: (1) Geschlechterstereotype und Geschlechtsrollen, (2) Geschlechterunterschiede im sozialen Handeln in den Bereichen Gruppenbildung, Sozialverhalten und soziale Interaktion, (3) die Höherwertigkeit der männlichen Rolle, (4) Ansätze zur Erklärung für Geschlechterunterschiede im sozialen Handeln, (5) pädagogische Konsequenzen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Sportunterrichts.
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Beck, Ulrich; Beck-Gernsheim, Elisabeth (Hg.) (1994): Riskante Freiheiten. Individualisierung in modernen Gesellschaften. 1. Aufl., Erstausg. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp
Abstract: Im vorliegenden Band werden die konkreten, das Leben jedes einzelnen betreffenden Formen der Individualisierung beschrieben. Es geht um das Widerspiel von neuer Freiheit und neuen Risiken in allen Lebensbereichen: um Kindheit und Jugend, um Frauen, um Liebe und Scheidung, Sozialpolitik und Armut.
Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung, Civilization, Modern, Families, Geographie: 4.415 Duitsland, Gesellschaft, Individualisering, Individualisierung, individualism, Industriegesellschaft, Levensloop, Moderniteit, social psychology, Sociale, Sozialer Wandel.Sozialstrukturelle und sozialkulturelle Bereiche, Sozialpolitik, Soziologie, Soziologie / Bindestrichsoziologien, Youssef, Ramy -
(1994): Effects of training social competence in children – A metaanalysis of recent evaluation studies. In: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 23 (3), S. 260-271
Abstract: Presents a meta-analytical review of 49 studies, from 1981 to 1990, on the effect of social competence training (SCT) on 3- to 15-year-olds. Main issues were (a) effectiveness in relation to program type and client characteristics as well as outcome criteria, (b) differential effects, (c) types of long-term effect, and (d) a comparison to other meta-analyses in the field. Results showed that SCT was moderately effective. However, effect sizes were lower than in previous studies. There were specific, characteristic effects for various types of program and on various client groups. Two main problems were identified: First, significant effect sizes were found only when direct goal criteria (e.g., social-cognitive skills) were evaluated, whereas there were few effects on broader constructs (e.g., social adjustment). Second, long-term effects were weak. We concluded that further primary studies are needed on the generalization and maintenance of change.
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(1994): Understanding Attributions of Blame in Stranger Rape and Date Rape Situations. An Examination of Gender, Race, Identification, and Students' Social Perceptions of Rape Victims1. In: Journal of Applied Social Psychology 24 (19), S. 1719-1734. DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb01571.x
Abstract: This study examined factors that may influence attributions of rape victims. Three hundred and three university students completed a questionnaire, which included a measure of dispositional empathy and a vignette depicted either a date rape or a stranger rape situation. Subjects rated the extent that they blamed the rape victim as well as the degree to which they identified with the victim and perpetrator. Results indicated that male students blamed the victim to a greater extent than did female students; students consistently attributed more blame to the victim in date rape situations than they did in stranger rape situations; and, while empathy was not associated with students' attributions, perceptions of similarity to the rape victim and perpetrator were both related to attributions of blame. These findings are consistent with the notion of ''judgmental leniency'' presented in Shaver's defensive attribution theory (1970). Implications for rape prevention efforts and future research are also discussed.
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(1994): Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. In: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 25 (1), S. 49-59. DOI: 10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9
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(1994): Factors affecting satisfaction among community-based hospice volunteer visitors. In: The American journal of hospice & palliative care 11 (4), S. 30-37. DOI: 10.1177/104990919401100411
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7893559 Abstract: Trained volunteers are an essential component in the delivery of care to clients and families facing a terminal and/or life-threatening illness. As the need for hospice care increases, so does the need to increase the number of volunteers available for visiting. Hospice of London, which is a community based hospice, proposed that volunteers who felt satisfied would remain with the organization longer, thereby, decreasing the costs associated with training new volunteers and enhancing the ability of the agency to provide high-quality volunteer client matches. Accordingly, a survey was conducted in August 1992 to determine which factors were related to hospice volunteer satisfaction. One hundred and five volunteer were surveyed over the telephone. Results demonstrated a positive correlation between satisfaction and feeling like a team member, receiving feedback from staff, feeling valuable and having the volunteer's expectations match the position. Differences in the factors related to satisfaction were noted when the groups were divided by age and gender.
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(1994) : A conception of culture for a communication theory of mind. In: Vocate, Donna R.: Intrapersonal communication: Different voices different minds: Hillsdale, NJ [u.a.]: Erlbaum (LEA's communication series), S. 77-98
Abstract: maintains that the traditional conceptualizations of culture in cognitive psychology are inadequate for the task [of understanding culture and its role in intrapersonal communication] / emphasizes that the dual nature of artifacts (natural and cultural) expands human consciousness to include the concrete and the abstract simultaneously (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(1994): A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment. In: Psychological Bulletin 115 (1), S. 74-101. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.74
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(1994): The behavioural cues of familiarity during social interactions among human adults. A review of the literature and some observations in normal and demented elderly subjects. In: Behavioural Processes 33 (1-2), S. 189-211. DOI: 10.1016/0376-6357(94)90066-3
Abstract: The present paper deals with the non-verbal expression of individual recognition in normal and pathological populations. In the first part, the literature on non-verbal communication is surveyed with a selective attention given to observational studies comparing encounters between friends and between strangers in young adult subjects. To begin with, it is shown that in some cases external observers can discriminate above chance level silent films showing interactions between familiar and unfamiliar persons. Then, potential cues enabling such a performance are searched for by analysis of familiarity effects on interpersonal distance, touching gesture, visual and postural orientation, and facial or manual movements expressing affiliation or reticence. Finally, these observations are discussed in relation to several underlying processes: learning of interaction rules, involvement of an affiliative motivational system, and regulation of arousal. The problem of assessing the directionality of the familiarity effects is also raised. The second part of the paper addresses the issue of non-verbal expression of recognition in subjects who show impaired person recognition in the verbal modality. A pilot study compares the behaviour of older institutionalised women, either normal or suffering from senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type, during conversations with a member of the medical team and with another unfamiliar person. The methodological problems raised by the planning of the experimental situation are discussed.
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(1994): Sozialpsychologische Entwicklungstheorien. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften
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(1994): Social competence and social skills training for persons with mental-retardation – An expansion of a behavioral paradigm. In: EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 29 (3), S. 194-201
Abstract: The imperative for a reformulation of social skills training theory for adults with mental retardation is discussed. Current practices in social skills training for persons with mental retardation are summarized along with potential reasons for their concomitant lack of maintenance and generalization of treatment gains. In order to better understand the process of social skills acquisition, the concept of social competence must be redefined. A cognitive-behavioral definition and model of social competence and social skills is described which attempts to unify traditional social learning concepts with more recent advances in research and practice with persons with cognitive deficits, along with a focus on its utility in the training of social skills among persons with mental retardation.
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(1994): Zur Eigendynamik sozialer Probleme. In: Soziale Probleme 5 (1/2), S. 144-167
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(1994) : Regelgeleitetes Handeln im Alltag - wissenschaftliche Fiktion und soziale Wirklichkeit In: Hoefert, Hans-Wolfgang: Neue Wege der Psychologie. Eine Wissenschaft in der Veränderung.: Heidelberg, S. 81-94
Abstract: Der Zugang der Wissenschaft zum regelgeleiteten Handeln des Menschen im Alltag wird thematisiert. Regeln werden dabei sowohl aus der Sicht des wissenschaftlichen Betrachters als auch aus der Sicht des Handelnden als Konstrukte konzipiert, die hinsichtlich ihrer rationalen oder hedonistischen Qualität manchmal erst durch die Betrachtung des wirksamen Referenzsystems rekonstruiert werden können. Von einer künftigen Psychologie wird daher gefordert, dass sie einerseits individuelle und kollektive Biographien, andererseits auch die Bedingungen menschlicher Handlungsfähigkeit in den Mittelpunkt ihrer Betrachtung und Forschungsbemühungen rücken soll. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die gegenwärtige Psychologie von einem zweckrationalen Menschenbild ausgeht, das die Irrationalität des Alltagsverhaltens nicht genügend abbildet.
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Hoefert, Hans-Wolfgang (1994): Neue Wege der Psychologie. Eine Wissenschaft in der Veränderung.. Heidelberg
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(1994): Wirtschaftsethik in der Moderne. Zur okonomischen Theorie der Moral. In: Ethik und Sozialwissenschaften 5 (1), S. 3-12
Abstract: Uberlegungen zur Grundlegung einer modernen Wirtschaftsethik werden angestellt. Eine solche Ethik hat dem Umstand Rechnung zu tragen, dass in einer modernen Gesellschaft die Moglichkeiten moralischen Handelns durch Wettbewerb signifikant eingeschrankt sind. Daher lautet ihre systematische Fragestellung, wie moralische Normen und Ideale unter den Bedingungen einer modernen Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft zur Geltung gebracht werden konnen. In den fur die Moderne so kennzeichnenden Dilemmasituationen hangt die Geltung einer Norm von ihrer Realisierbarkeit ab. Um der Moral zur Geltung zu verhelfen, ist daher ein differenzierter Umgang mit Dilemmasituationen und folglich eine entsprechende institutionelle Gestaltung strategischen Handelns erforderlich. Aufbauend auf einer okonomischen Insitutionenanalyse kann eine moderne Wirtschaftsethik zur kollektiven Entwicklung individueller Freiheit beitragen. - Dem Hauptartikel folgen 39 kritische Stellungnahmen (Seiten 13-93) und eine Replik der Autoren (Seiten 94-108). zitiert von: 201
Keywords: business ethics, Economy, Ethics, Gesellschaft, Moral, Philosophies, Social Values, society, Wirtschaft -
(1994): Kampf um Anerkennung. Zur moralischen Grammatik sozialer Konflikte. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch-Verl.Keywords: Anerkennung, Anerkennung und soziale Konflikte/Transzendentaler Status von Anerkennung (Honneth), Begriff, Favoriten, Honneth, Honneth und aktuelle Kritische Theorie, Kampf um Anerkennung, Konstitutionen des Selbst (Anerkennung), lidos, Modelle/Theorien, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Konflikte, Sozialphilosophie
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(1994): Consensus in interpersonal perception: Acquaintance and the big five. In: Psychological Bulletin 116 (2), S. 245-258
Abstract: Consensus refers to the extent to which judges agree in their ratings of a common target. Consensus has been an important area of research in social and personality psychology. In this article, generalizability theory is used to develop a percentage of total variance measure of consensus. This measure is used to review the level of consensus across 32 studies by considering the role of acquaintance level and trait dimension. The review indicates that consensus correlations ranged from zero to about .3, with higher levels of consensus for ratings of Extraversion. The studies do not provide evidence that consensus increases with increasing acquaintance, a counterintuitive result that can be accounted for by a theoretical model (D.A. Kenny, 1991, in press). Problems in the interpretation of longitudinal research are reviewed.
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(1994): Interpersonal perception. A social relations analysis. New York: Guilford Press. Online verfügbar unter http://www.loc.gov/catdir/bios/guilford051/94008552.htmlKeywords: Assimilation, Concensus, Interaktion, Interaktionsanalyse, Interpersonale Wahrnehmung, Interpersonelle Beziehungen, Modell, Other-Perception, Reciprocity, Selbstbild, Self-Perception, Social Perception, social relations model, Soziale Beziehungen, Soziale Wahrnehmung, Sozialpsychologie, Urteilsbildung, Verhaltensanalyse, Verhaltensforschung, Wahrnehmung
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(1994): Enhanced co-orientation in the perception of friends. A social relations analysis. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 67 (6), S. 1024-1033. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1024
Abstract: Newcomb's (1953) idea of co-orientation (interdependence between two persons' attitudes or perceptions) is used as a framework within which interpersonal perception between friends and acquaintances is examined. The principal question is whether co-orientation effects are stronger for friendship dyads than for acquaintance dyads. More specifically, the study examines the degree to which consensus, assimilation, self-other agreement, and assumed similarity differ. The social relations model is used to analyze a data set that included 16 living groups with 119 friend dyads and 1,668 acquaintance dyads. Results indicate that co-orientation effects are more pronounced in friendship dyads. The increment in co-orientation effects is largely due to similarities in the unique or idiosyncratic perceptions that people have of friendship pairs as well as the unique agreement about others that friends have with one another.
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(1994): Enhanced co-orientation in the perception of friends: A social relations analysis. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 67 (6)
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(1994): Auf dem Wege zur Interaktions-Gesellschaft. In: Marketing Journal 27 (1), S. 8-15
Abstract: Tendenzen im Dienstleistungsmarketing werden erörtert. Dienstleistung wird als immaterielles Leistungsbündel verstanden, das jedem modernen Produkt anhaftet. Dabei wird der Interaktionsaspekt betont: Sender und Empfänger der Dienstleistung agieren und reagieren in einem Prozess gegenseitiger Beeinflussung. Mängel in der Dienstleistung bewirken deren Nichtzustandekommen. Vor dem Hintergrund des Megatrends zu mehr Individualismus in einer flexiblen, multioptionalen Gesellschaft wird ethisches Verhalten als eine Folge freier Entscheidungen angesehen. Strukturen, die auf Interaktion beruhen, und entsprechende neue Führungsstile werden im gesamten wirtschaftlichen Raum beobachtet. Ein effektiver Dienst am Kunden erfordert Motivation und eine Antenne für die Resonanz, die die Leistung beim Kunden findet. Die Entwicklung sozialer Intelligenz wird verlangt, Interaktionskompetenz wird dabei als erlernbar betrachtet. Als Bausteine dazu werden die Einstellung auf den Menschen als Partner in der Gesellschaft, das Verstehen seiner Anliegen und eine offene, unbelastete eigene Einstellung zum "Dienst" in höchster qualitativer Ausführung genannt.
Keywords: Arbeitnehmermotivation, Consumer Satisfaction, Dienstleistungsberufe, Employee Motivation, individualization in flexible & multioptional society & ethical behavior, Interpersonal Interaction, Interpersonale Interaktion, Marketing, Marketing & Advertising, Marketing und Werbung, service motivation & social intelligence & interaction competence, Service Personnel, services as interaction, Social intelligence, Social Processes, Social Skills, Social Values, Soziale Fertigkeiten, Soziale Intelligenz, Soziale Vorgänge, Soziale Werte, tendencies in service marketing, Trends, Verbraucherzufriedenheit, Wirtschaftspsychologie -
(1994): Address forms in modern China. Changing ideologies and shifting semantics. In: Linguistics 32 (2), S. 299-324. DOI: 10.1515/ling.1994.32.2.299Keywords: time