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2018
Krishnamoorthy, V.; Luo, W.; Lewis, M.; Sycara, K. (2018) : A Computational Framework for Integrating Task Planning and Norm Aware Reasoning for Social Robots: 2018 27th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN): Nanjing, China: IEEE Robotics & Automation Society, S. 282-287

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2018.8525577

Abstract: Autonomous robots are envisioned to increasingly become part of our lives in the house, restaurants, hospitals and offices. Additionally, self-driving cars will be soon appearing in city streets and highways and they will have to interact with cars driven by humans as well as other self-driving cars. In these settings the robots not only need to efficiently perform their tasks but also be able to interact with humans in socially appropriate ways. To accomplish this, robots must be able to reason not only on how to perform their tasks, but also incorporate societal values, social norms and legal rules so they can gain human acceptability and trust. Moreover, interactions with these robots will be long term. Long-term human interaction with robots as well as robot combined reasoning about both tasks and social norms generate multiple modeling and computational challenges. In this paper, we address one of the most important of these challenges, namely what is an appropriate and scalable computational framework that enables simultaneous task and normative reasoning. In particular, we report on our work on a novel computational framework, Modular Normative Markov Decision Processes (MNMDP) that integrates reasoning for domain tasks and normative reasoning for long-term autonomy. The MNMDP framework applies normative reasoning considering only the norms that are activated in appropriate contexts, rather than considering the full set of norms, thus significantly reducing computational complexity. The model modularity is also advantageous for long-term human-robot interaction. We present computational experiments that show significant computational improvements as compared with a base Normative Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework that includes the full set of norms.

Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Autonomous automobiles, autonomous robots, Cognition, Computational complexity, Decision theory, human acceptability, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, inference mechanisms, knowledge based systems, long-term human interaction, Markov processes, MNMDP framework, Mobile robots, modular normative Markov decision processes, norm aware reasoning, normative Markov decision process framework, Normative reasoning, path planning, Planning, robot combined reasoning, self-driving cars, Social Norms, social robots, societal values, Task Analysis, task planning
Maurice, Pauline; Allienne, Ludivine; Malaisé, Adrien; Ivaldi, Serena (2018) : Ethical and Social Considerations for the Introduction of Human-Centered Technologies at Work: 2018 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO): Genoa, Italy: IEEE Robotics & Automation Society, S. 131-138

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ARSO.2018.8625830

Abstract: Human-centered technologies such as collaborative robots, exoskeletons, and wearable sensors are rapidly spreading in industry and manufacturing because of their intrinsic potential at assisting workers and improving their working conditions. The deployment of these technologies, albeit inevitable, poses several ethical and societal issues. Guidelines for ethically aligned design of autonomous and intelligent systems do exist, however we argue that ethical recommendations must necessarily be complemented by an analysis of the social impact of these technologies. In this paper, we report on our preliminary studies on the opinion of factory workers and of people outside this environment on human-centered technologies at work. In light of these studies, we discuss ethical and social considerations for deploying these technologies in a way that improves acceptance.

Keywords: Collaboration, collaborative robots, control engineering computing, ethical aspects, ethical considerations, ethical issues, ethical recommendations, ethically aligned design, exoskeletons, Human Computer Interaction, Human Factors, human-centered technologies, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Interviews, knowledge based systems, Moral & Ethik, Production facilities, Robot sensing systems, social aspects of automation, social considerations, societal issues, user centred design, wearable sensors, working conditions
1993
Cox, B. (1993) : Communicating conceptual integrity in distributed systems through intelligent assistance: IEEE Colloquium on AI (Artificial Intelligence) in Enterprise Modelling: London, United Kingdom: IET, S. 4/1-4/3

Abstract: Increased globalisation and de-regulation in the commercial environment has given rise to requirements for a new generation of software tools capable of supporting complex, dispersed inter-organisational projects and decision making. A major difficulty in designing such systems relates to the fact that the ultimate users of such tools are commonly from varying backgrounds, have different conceptualisations, frequently use different terms and have varying perceptions of the events, procedures and objects represented within the system. The design of online user assistance for such systems is frequently passive, responding only to requests from the user for help. The author highlights the need for interactive online assistance capable of functioning both in ’reactive’ and ’pro-active’ modes, with the system instigating interaction when necessary. In particular, it is, therefore, concerned with discussing the appropriate timing and content of the ’triggers’ necessary to proactive functioning. A set of design principles for an adaptive assistant which are derived from earlier work on intelligent tutoring system design are described (B. Cox et al., 1988, 1989).<>

Keywords: adaptive assistant, administrative data processing, BUSINESS, commerce, commercial environment, conceptualisations, Data processing, Decision Making, design principles, dispersed inter-organisational projects, distributed computing, distributed processing, distributed systems, ieee xplore, intelligent assistance, Intelligent tutoring system, interactive online assistance, interactive systems, knowledge based systems, Künstliche Intelligenz, online user assistance, proactive functioning, software tools, timing, triggers, user interfaces

2018

1993

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