Alle Publikationen
2013
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(2013): Review of Professional civility. Communicative virtue at work. In: Journal of Business Ethics 115 (3), S. 645-649
Abstract: Reviews the book, Professional Civility: Communicative Virtue at Work by J. M. H. Fritz (2013). In this book author argues for professional civility in the workplace at a time in human history when professional standards and public decorum often evade ethical responsibilities in everyday work environments. Fritz provides a case for a practical communicative virtue that opens to interdisciplinary, philosophical grounding, practical applications, and fitting responses to contemporary ethical issues in the workplace. This review explores Fritz’s case for professional civility first by illuminating what she identifies as the need for a return to communicative virtue at work, second by summarizing each chapter through a common lens by identifying chapter arguments and main metaphors, and thirdly, this review identifies the significance of this book to various fields of knowledge, making an argument that this book is applicable not only in the communication domain but also in business and professional studies, leadership studies, and philosophy and ethics. This is is a remarkable work that provides a significant opening for applied philosophical and ethical literature as well as offering practical understanding and guidance for communicative, business, and leadership practices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Arbeits - und Organisationspsychologie, BUSINESS, business ethics, communicative virtue, decorum, ethical practices, Führung, Historie, Leadership, leadership practices, Organizational behavior, Organizational Climate, Philosophie, professional civility, Professionalism, Virtue, workplace environments -
(2013): The cultural ecosystem of human cognition. In: Philosophical Psychology 27 (1), S. 34-49. DOI: 10.1080/09515089.2013.830548
Abstract: Recent experimental studies in cognitive science report the influence of “disgust” and “cleanliness” manipulations on moral judgment, yet little attention has been given to interpreting these studies together or developing models of the causal influence of cleanliness and disgust manipulations on moral judgment. I propose considerations for the causal modeling of these effects. The conclusions are not decisive in favor of one theory of disgust and cleanliness, but suggest several distinct causal roles of disgust- and cleanliness-type manipulations. The incorrect views, I argue, are those that posit causal effects from a single common cognitive mechanism for both disgust and cleanliness.
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(2013): Emotions, Social Work Practice and Supervision. An Uneasy Alliance?. In: Journal of Social Work Practice 27 (1), S. 5-19. DOI: 10.1080/02650533.2012.745842
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24764612 Abstract: This paper examines the place of emotions within social work practice. The perceived tensions between emotions and rational decision making are explored and it is argued that their relationship is compatible and necessary. A model for the co-creation of emotionally intelligent supervision is developed to support this vision of practice.
Keywords: Design -
(2013) : Designing a socially assistive companion robotic wheel chair: RoboChair: 2013 6th IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics (RAM): 2013 6th IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics (RAM): Manila, Philippines: IEEE, S. 231-236
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/RAM.2013.6758589 Abstract: Developing socially assistive robots is an emerging interdisciplinary research area, which requires collaboration between a wide range of disciplines. Among recent research projects, there have been attempts to develop assistive robotic solutions to solve various health and social issues. In most current research attempts to design socially assistive robots, the focus is on designing new robotic agents that can interact with people by various means. Since people do not have much experience with robots, usually extensive field trials are conducted in order to assess the usability of these robots. However, determining the usability of these robotic agents is a difficult task, since the results of field trials are not always conclusive. In this paper, an attempt to overcome the difficulty of evaluating usability of assistive robots is presented. This paper presents the design of the first version of a companion robot called RoboChair. RoboChair is in the form of a wheel chair. But, functionally it is a socially assistive companion robot. The proposed robotic chair is a mobile robot that can carry a person. It is equipped with several measuring devices for taking clinical measurements mentioned above. In addition to that, it is equipped with several sensors for obstacle avoidance, map building, localization, detecting humans etc. It is also equipped with motor controllers and other actuators for motion control. The robot chair is capable of engaging users with interactive dialogs through a touch screen and by using human-robot interaction techniques. It has a scalable modular architecture so that adding new hardware and software modules is straightforward. The software framework is based on Robot Operating System (ROS) open source robotic middleware. RoboChair is controlled by a distributed controller that spans multiple hardware devices and multiple operating systems.
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(2013): Robots and the ethics of care. In: International Journal of Technoethics 4 (1), S. 67-82. DOI: 10.4018/jte.2013010106
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/jte.2013010106 Abstract: In this paper, the moral theory ethics of care—EoC—is investigated and connected to care robots. The aim is twofold: first, to provide a plausible and ethically relevant interpretation of the key term care in EoC (which is, it is argued, slightly different from the everyday use of the term) indicating that we should distinguish between ’natural care’ and ’ethical care’. The second aim is to discuss whether EoC may be a suitable theory to implement in care robots. The conclusion is that EoC may be a theory that is suitable for robots in health care settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: ethical care, Ethics, Health Care, Health Care Psychology, Moral & Ethik, moral theory, Morality, Robotics, Robots -
(2013) : Human robots and robotic humans In: Koops, Bert-Jaap; Lüthy, Christoph H.; Nelis, Annemiek; Sieburgh, Carla; Jansen, J. P. M.; Schmid, Monika S. (Hg.): Engineering the human: Human enhancement between fiction and fascination: New York, NY: Springer-Verlag Publishing, S. 83-100
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35096-2_7 Abstract: Humans and machines are, at present, viewed as two distinct categories differentiated by their unique biological or artificial configuration and capabilities. This chapter argues that the two will, in the near future, increasingly partake of the nature of the other as a result of technological enhancement. A number of recent developments within the field of robotics are already causing the traditional boundaries between humans and machines to fade, both as a result of mankind’s increasing reliance on modern technology and of technological developments which allow modern machines to imitate human behavior to a high degree. Modern technology thus has the potential to aid and even modify the human organism by artificial means. The construction of such advanced forms of humanoid machines, or ’androids’, requires a reconceptualisation of what makes humans characteristically human, as well as requiring us to pay attention to the potential consequences of constructing such humanlike machines. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2013) : What you do is who you are: The role of task context in perceived social robot personality: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation: Karlsruhe, Germany: IEEE, S. 2134-2139
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA.2013.6630863 Abstract: People tend to unconsciously attribute personality traits to all kinds of technology including robots. But what personality do they want robots to have? Previous research has found support for two contradicting theories: similarity attraction and complementary attraction. The similarity attraction theory implies that people prefer a robot with a similar personality to their own (e.g., an extroverted person prefers an extroverted robot). According to the complementary attraction theory, people prefer a robot’s personality opposite to their own (e.g., extroverted people prefer an introverted robot). In contrast to both theories, we argue that what is considered an appropriate personality for a robot depends on the task context. In a 2×2 between-groups experiment (N=45), we found trends that indicated similarity attraction for extrovert participants when the robot was a tour guide and complementary attraction for introverted participants when the robot was a cleaner. These trends show that preferences for robot personalities may indeed depend on the context of the robot’s role and the stereotype perceptions people hold for certain jobs. Robot behaviors likely need to be adapted not in complimentary or similarity to the users’ personality but to the users’ expectations about what kind of personality and behaviors are consistent with such a task or role.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Artificial intelligence, Atmospheric measurements, Cleaning, complementary attraction theory, Context, Humanoid Robots, ieee xplore, Painting, Particle measurements, robot behavior, Robots, similarity attraction theory, social robot personality, speech, Task context -
(2013): Guidelines for contextual motion design of a humanoid robot. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 5 (2), S. 153-169. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-012-0175-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-012-0175-6 Abstract: The motion of a humanoid robot is one of the most intuitive communication channels for human-robot interaction. Previous studies have presented related knowledge to generate speech-based motions of virtual agents on screens. However, physical humanoid robots share time and space with people, and thus, numerous speechless situations occur where the robot cannot be hidden from users. Therefore, we must understand the appropriate roles of motion design for a humanoid robot in many different situations. We achieved the target knowledge as motion-design guidelines based on the iterative findings of design case studies and a literature review. The guidelines are largely separated into two main roles for speech-based and speechless situations, and the latter can be further subdivided into idling, observing, listening, expecting, and mood-setting, all of which are well-distributed by different levels of intension. A series of experiments proved that our guidelines help create preferable motion designs of a humanoid robot. This study provides researchers with a balanced perspective between speech-based and speechless situations, and thus they can design the motions of a humanoid robot to satisfy users in more acceptable and pleasurable ways. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2013): Understanding politeness. 1. publ. Cambridge u.a.: Cambridge University Press
Abstract: Politeness is key to all of our relationships and plays a fundamental part in the way we communicate with each other and the way we define ourselves. It is not limited only to conventional aspects of linguistic etiquette, but encompasses all types of interpersonal behaviour through which we explore and maintain our relationships. This groundbreaking exploration navigates the reader through this fascinating area and introduces them to a variety of new insights. The book is divided into three parts and is based on an innovative framework which relies on the concepts of social practice, time and space. In this multidisciplinary approach, the authors capture a range of user and observer understandings and provide a variety of examples from different languages and cultures. With its reader-friendly style, carefully constructed exercises and useful glossary, Understanding Politeness will be welcomed by both researchers and postgraduate students working on politeness, pragmatics and sociolinguistics more broadly.
Keywords: Disziplin, Dritte Welle, Favoriten, frames, Good manners, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Höflichkeitsforschung der dritten Welle, (Im)Politeness Research, Linguistik, Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, Überblick, Understandings of politeness -
(2013): Logik-Vorlesung. Unveröffentlichte Nachschriften II. Logik Hechsel. Warschauer Logik. Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag (Kant-Forschungen). Online verfügbar unter http://gbv.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1604843
Abstract: Kant hielt seit 1765 regelmäßig Vorlesungen über Logik, denen er ein Exemplar des ""Meierschen Lehrbuchs"" von 1752 als Leitfaden zugrunde legte, in welches er fortschreitend Anmerkungen und Erläuterungen eintrug, denen er in seinem Vortrag folgte. Da Kant die Ausarbeitung eines eigenen Handbuchs für seine Vorlesung über Logik nicht selbst vornahm, sondern diese Aufgabe Gottlob Nejamin Jäsche übertrug, der 1800 bei Nicolovius unter dem Titel ""Immanuel Kants Logik/ein Handbuch zu Vorlesungen"" die erste und einzige Originalausgabe herausgab, kommt allen auffindbaren Kollegheften und/oder Nachs
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(2013) : Towards adaptive robots based on interaction traces: A user study: 2013 16th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR): 2013 16th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR): Paris, France: IEEE, S. 1-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766484 Abstract: We focus on the problem of adaptivity of companion robots to their users. Until recently, propositions on the subject of intelligent service robots were mostly user independent. Our work is part of the FUI-RoboPopuli project, which concentrates on endowing entertainment companion robots with adaptive and social behaviour.We concentrate on the capacity of robots to learn how to adapt and personalize their behaviour according to their users. Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) are largely used for adaptive robots applications. Several approaches were proposed to decrease the sample complexity to learn the MDP model, including the reward function.We proposed in previous work, two learning algorithms to learn the MDP reward function through analysing interaction traces (i.e. the interaction history between the robot and their users) including users' feedback. The first algorithm is direct and certain. The second is able to detect the importance of certain information, regarding the users (profiles) and/or the environment, in the adaptation process. We present, in this paper, a user study in addition to simulated experiments. Those experiments prove that our proposed algorithms are able to learn, through interactions with real users, a reward function that leads to an adapted and personalised robot behaviour. We also show the ability of our algorithms to handle exceptions and ambiguities in users feedback during experiments with real users.
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(2013): Parental Ethnotheories, Social Practice and the Culture-Specific Development of Social Smiling in Infants. In: Mind, Culture, and Activity 20 (1), S. 79-95. DOI: 10.1080/10749039.2012.742112
Abstract: Argues that current theories on socioemotional development during infancy need to be reconceptualized in order to account for cross-cultural variation in caregiver-infant interaction. In line with the cultural-historical internalization theory of emotional development (Holodynski & Friedlmeier, 2006) and the ecocultural model of development (Keller & Kartner, 2013), the authors argue that socioemotional development can be understood only in the context of social practice and underlying ethnotheories that give significance to infants' emotional expressions. Thus, culture-specific interpretations of and expectations concerning infants' expressive cues lead to culture-specific interactional routines. These, in turn, lead to culture-specific usage of these expressions by the developing child. To develop the argument, the authors focus on a specific aspect of early socioemotional development, namely, the emergence of social smiling during infancy. Interactional dynamics in autonomous cultural milieus are based on specific ethnotheories, most prominently that positive emotional exchange during face-to-face interaction is one of the most desirable ways of interacting with infants. However, the dominant ethnotheories concerning emotional development and their associated behavioral routines vary systematically across cultural milieus and are markedly different in prototypically relational cultural milieus, in which they center on infants' contentment. This has implications for infants' emotional expressivity and, possibly, experience. zitiert von 25
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Kassung, Christian; Macho, Thomas (Hg.) (2013): Kulturtechniken der Synchronisation. Wilhelm Fink GmbH & Co. Verlags-KG. München; Paderborn: Wilhelm Fink (Kulturtechnik). Online verfügbar unter http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=41549
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(2013): The Beautiful, the Cheerful, and the Helpful. The Effects of Service Employee Attributes on Customer Satisfaction. In: Psychology & Marketing 30 (3), S. 211-226. DOI: 10.1002/mar.20599
Abstract: In contrast to prior studies examining only piecemeal aspects of employee attributes (i.e., physical attractiveness, displayed emotion, or helpfulness), the present research adopts an encompassing approach and considers these attributes simultaneously. These three attributes were selected as they represent the physical, emotional, and motivational aspects of the employee, respectively. This holistic approach provides an understanding of how these three dimensions of employee attributes exert differential effects and interact with one another on customer satisfaction. In order to validate the proposed framework and hypotheses, the authors conducted an experiment as well as a survey in an actual retail setting. Results show that even though all three employee attributes lead to customer satisfaction, employee helpfulness has the strongest impact. In addition, employees' displayed emotion interacts with their physical attractiveness and helpfulness, respectively, to influence customer satisfaction. These findings not only contribute to the literature, but also have managerial implications for high-contact services.
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(2013) : Die Entwicklung und Förderung moralischen Denkens und moralischer Gefühle in der Kindheit In: Wagner, Petra: Handbuch Inklusion: Grundlagen vorurteilsbewusster Bildung und Erziehung: 1. Ausg. der überarb. Neuausg. (3. Gesamtaufl.): Freiburg [u.a.]: Herder, S. 66-87
Abstract: Die entwicklungspsychologische Forschung zur Entwicklung und Förderung moralischen Denkens und moralischer Gefühle in der Kindheit wird dargestellt. Zunächst wird J. Piagets Theorie der moralischen Entwicklung und deren Weiterführung in L. Kohlbergs Stufenmodell besprochen. Dann wird auf C. Gilligans Thesen einer "weiblichen" Moral sowie auf den Zusammenhang zwischen moralischen Gefühlen und Verantwortungszuschreibung eingegangen. Außerdem wird eine Typologie moralischer Gefühle vorgestellt. Anschließend wird über eine eigene Längsschnittstudie und kulturvergleichende Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung sozio-moralischer Sensibilität berichtet. Kinder und Jugendliche wurden zu einem moralisch relevanten Freundschaftsdilemma sowie auch zu einem Dilemma in der Familie befragt. Im Unterschied zu Kohlbergs Vorgehensweise ging es jedoch darum, mit den Kindern und Jugendlichen über die verschiedenen Perspektiven der Personen in dem Konflikt nachzudenken. Insgesamt bestätigten diese Untersuchungen die gleiche Entwicklungsabfolge bei allen Kindern in den verschiedenen Gesellschaften. Welche Aspekte der Situation jedoch als besonders wichtig angesehen wurden, war nicht nur vom Entwicklungsstand abhängig, sondern auch von gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen. Weitere Punkte, die besprochen werden, sind die Forschung zur moralischen Entwicklung von Kindern im frühesten Lebensalter und die Rolle der Umwelt beim sozialen Lernen.
Keywords: Adolescent Development, Attribution, Childhood Development, Cross Cultural Differences, Developmental Stages, Early Childhood Development, Emotions, Entwicklungspsychologie, Kohlberg (Lawrence), Kulturforschung/ kulturelle Unterschiede, Moral, Moral Development, Piaget (Jean), responsibility, Social Cognition, Social Influences -
(2013) : Social Functionalism and the Evolution of Emotions In: Simpson, Jeffry; Kenrick, Douglas (Hg.): Evolution and Social Psychology: Hove, UK: Psychology Press, S. 115-142
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(2013): 432 – Designing and implementation a life skills training program for improving social competence and academic achievement of first grade high school girl students in tehran city. In: EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY 28. DOI: 10.1016/S0924-9338(13)75774-2
Abstract: The aim of present research was to investigate the impact of life skills training program on the advancement of social competence and academic achievement of first grade high school girl students in Tehran city. The sample of this experimental research consists of two groups of thirty students from 14 and 2 education zones of Tehran. Students were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The research tools used in this study were social competence questionnaire (r = 0.89) and 1st and 2nd term grade point averages, which were taken twice as the pre and post tests. Experimental group took part in 12 sessions of life skills training program (90 minutes each which consisted of: self awareness, decision making & problem solving, time management, control of aggression, assertiveness, coping with stress & interpersonal relationships). Data was analyzed using covariance statistical test (ANCOVA). Results showed that experimental group benefited from life skills training program and their social competence and its components (cognitive, motivational, behavioral and emotional) improved significantly, but the impact on their academic achievement was not significant.
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(2013): Humanoid robots as "The Cultural Other"?: are we able to love our creations?. In: AI & society : the journal of human and machine intelligence 28 (3), S. 309-318
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(2013): Am I acceptable to you?. Effect of a robot’s verbal language forms on people’s social distance from robots. In: Computers in Human Behavior 29 (3), S. 1091-1101. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.001
Abstract: Abstract This study is to examine the effect of robots’ language forms on people’s acceptance of robots. We applied a concept of social distance to measure people’s acceptance of robots. In an experiment, calling participants by name vs. not calling by name as well as the robot’s speech styles (familiar vs. honorific), were used to impose a verticality and horizontality of social relationships between participants and robots. After the conversation with a robot, participants rated the robot’s interpersonal traits and their comfortable approach distance to the robot, and their response to the robot during the experiment were analyzed. As a result, participants whom the robot called by their name perceived the robot as friendlier. They introduced themselves more actively, and were more intently focused on what the robot said. They asked the robot questions more frequently. Participants called by their names consequently approached the robot more closely than participants who were not called. An interaction effect was found between speech styles and whether names were used in regard to the perceived friendliness of robots, negative response to robots, and comfortable approach distance to robots. We discuss verbal interaction design for increasing people’s acceptance of robots. Highlights • A social distance based on human’s cognitive information processing was proposed. • The effect of language form on people’s social distance from robots was evaluated. • There were socially acceptable combinations of calling name and speech styles. zitiert von 21
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(2013): Affective Body Expression Perception and Recognition: A Survey. In: IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 4 (1), S. 15-33. DOI: 10.1109/T-AFFC.2012.16
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(2013) : Hey! There is someone at your door. A hearing robot using visual communication signals of hearing dogs to communicate intent: 2013 IEEE Symposium on Artificial Life (ALIFE): 16-19 April 2013, Singapore ; [part of the] 2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI): 2013 IEEE Symposium on Artificial Life (ALife): Singapore, Singapore: 4/16/2013 - 4/19/2013. Annual IEEE Computer Conference; IEEE Symposium on Artificial Life; Alife; IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence; Ssci: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 90-97
Abstract: This paper presents a study of the readability of dog-inspired visual communication signals in a human-robot interaction scenario. This study was motivated by specially trained hearing dogs which provide assistance to their deaf owners by using visual communication signals to lead them to the sound source. For our human-robot interaction scenario, a robot was used in place of a hearing dog to lead participants to two different sound sources. The robot was preprogrammed with dog-inspired behaviors, controlled by a wizard who directly implemented the dog behavioral strategy on the robot during the trial. By using dog-inspired visual communication signals as a means of communication, the robot was able to lead participants to the sound sources (the microwave door, the front door). Findings indicate that untrained participants could correctly interpret the robot's intentions. Head movements and gaze directions were important for communicating the robot's intention using visual communication signals.
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Koops, Bert-Jaap; Lüthy, Christoph H.; Nelis, Annemiek; Sieburgh, Carla; Jansen, J. P. M.; Schmid, Monika S. (Hg.) (2013): Engineering the human: Human enhancement between fiction and fascination. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag Publishing
Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz -
(2013) : Emotional" robots and agents - Implementation of emotions in artificial entities In: Mohiyeddini, Changiz; Eysenck, Michael; Bauer, Stephanie (Hg.): Handbook of psychology of emotions. Recent theoretical perspectives and novel empirical findings. Volume 2: New York: Nova Science Publishers, S. 277-296Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz
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(2013) : "Emotional" robots and agents - Implementation of emotions in artificial entities In: Mohiyeddini, Changiz; Eysenck, Michael; Bauer, Stephanie (Hg.): Handbook of psychology of emotions. Recent theoretical perspectives and novel empirical findings. Volume 2: New York: Nova Science Publishers, S. 277-295. Online verfügbar unter http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdx&AN=0279840&site=ehost-live
Abstract: Summarizes research on emotions in the context of robot and virtual-agent development. First, several motives and reasons for the implementation of emotions in artificial entities are presented. Then, a choice of robot and agent systems that model emotions based on various theories and assumptions are described. However, the common practice to implement emotions is also critically reflected against the background of theories on the relation of emotions and facial expressions. Based on this, alternative approaches are presented which implement a theory-of-mind module instead of emotions. In a second part, humans' emotional reactions to systems with implemented emotions and corresponding facial expressions are described.
Keywords: Emotion & Roboter, Social robotic -
(2013) : "Emotional" robots and agents - Implementation of emotions in artificial entities In: Mohiyeddini, Changiz; Eysenck, Michael; Bauer, Stephanie (Hg.): Handbook of psychology of emotions. Recent theoretical perspectives and novel empirical findings. Volume 2: New York: Nova Science Publishers, S. 277-295
Abstract: Summarizes research on emotions in the context of robot and virtual-agent development. First, several motives and reasons for the implementation of emotions in artificial entities are presented. Then, a choice of robot and agent systems that model emotions based on various theories and assumptions are described. However, the common practice to implement emotions is also critically reflected against the background of theories on the relation of emotions and facial expressions. Based on this, alternative approaches are presented which implement a theory-of-mind module instead of emotions. In a second part, humans' emotional reactions to systems with implemented emotions and corresponding facial expressions are described.