Alle Publikationen
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2019
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(2019) : Good Robot Design or Machiavellian? An In-the-Wild Robot Leveraging Minimal Knowledge of Passersby’s Culture: 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Daegu, Korea: IEEE, S. 382-391
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2019.8673326 Abstract: Social robots are being designed to use human-like communication techniques, including body language, social signals, and empathy, to work effectively with people. Just as between people, some robots learn about people and adapt to them. In this paper we present one such robot design: we developed Sam, a robot that learns minimal information about a person’s background, and adapts to this background. Our in-the-wild study found that people helped Sam for significantly longer when it adapted to match their background. While initially we saw this as a success, in re-considering our study we started seeing a different angle. Our robot effectively deceived people (changed its story and text), based on some knowledge of their background, to get more work from them. There was little direct benefit to the person from this adaptation, yet the robot stood to gain free labor. We would like to pose the question to the community: is this simply good robot design, or, is our robot being manipulative? Where does the ethical line lay between a robot leveraging social techniques to improve interaction, and the more negative framing of a robot or algorithm taking advantage of people? How can we decide what is good here, and what is less desirable?
Keywords: Body language, Cultural differences, Culture, Ethics, Global communication, human-like communication techniques, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, in the wild, in-the-wild robot, learning (artificial intelligence), minimal information, Mobile robots, Mood, Moral & Ethik, passersby culture, Persuasive Robots, robot design, Robots, Sam, Shape, social robots, Social signals, social techniques, Task Analysis 2015
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(2015) : Robot Form and Motion Influences Social Attention: 2015 10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Portland, Oregon, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, S. 43-50
Abstract: For social robots to be successful, they need to be accepted by humans. Human-robot interaction (HRI) researchers are aware of the need to develop the right kinds of robots with appropriate, natural ways for them to interact with humans. However, much of human perception and cognition occurs outside of conscious awareness, and how robotic agents engage these processes is currently unknown. Here, we explored automatic, reflexive social attention, which operates outside of conscious control within a fraction of a second to discover whether and how these processes generalize to agents with varying humanlikeness in their form and motion. Using a social variant of a well-established spatial attention paradigm, we tested whether robotic or human appearance and/or motion influenced an agent’s ability to capture or direct implicit social attention. In each trial, either images or videos of agents looking to one side of space (a head turn) were presented to human observers. We measured reaction time to a peripheral target as an index of attentional capture and direction. We found that all agents, regardless of humanlike form or motion, were able to direct spatial attention in the cued direction. However, differences in the form of the agent affected attentional capture, i.e., how quickly the observers could disengage attention from the agent and respond to the target. This effect further interacted with whether the spatial cue (head turn) was presented through static images or videos. Overall whereas reflexive social attention operated in the same manner for human and robot social agents for spatial attentional cueing, robotic appearance, as well as whether the agent was static or moving significantly influenced unconscious attentional capture processes. These studies reveal how unconscious social attentional processes operate when the agent is a human vs. a robot, add novel manipulations to the literature such as the role of visual motion, and provide a link between attention studies in HRI, and decades of research on unconscious social attention in experimental psychology and vision science.Categories and Subject Descriptors H.1.2 [Models and Principles]: User/Machine Systems -Human factors. H.5.2 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]: User Interfaces - Evaluation/methodology, User-Centered DesignGeneral TermsDesign, Human Factors.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), automatic attention, Biology, Cognition, conscious awareness, conscious control, cued direction, Experimental Psychology, head turn, HRI, human appearance, Human Factors, human observers, human perception, humanlike form, Humanlikeness, human-robot interaction, Human-robot interaction researchers, ieee xplore, implicit social attention, Kinematics, Mobile robots, motion influences social attention, PSYCHOLOGY, reflexive social attention, robot design, robot form, Robot sensing systems, robotic agents, robotic appearance, Social Attention, social robots, social variant, Spatial Attention, spatial attention paradigm, spatial attentional cueing, spatial cue, static images, Time measurement, unconscious attentional capture processes, unconscious social attention, unconscious social attentional processes, user interfaces, User/Machine Systems-Human factors, varying humanlikeness, Videos, visual motion, Visual Perception 2012
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(2012) : A complementing approach for identifying ethical issues in care robotics - grounding ethics in practical use: 2012 IEEE RO-MAN: The 21st IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Paris, France: IEEE, S. 797-802
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2012.6343849 Abstract: We use a long-term study of a robotic eating-aid for disabled users to illustrate how empirical use give rise to a set of ethical issues that might be overlooked in ethic discussions based on theoretical extrapolation of the current state-of-the-art in robotics. This approach provides an important complement to the existing robot ethics by revealing new issues as well as providing actionable guidance for current and future robot design. We discuss our material in relation to the literature on robot ethics, specifically the risk of robots performing care taking tasks and thus causing increased isolation for care recipients. Our data identifies a different set of ethical issues such as independence, privacy, and identity where robotics, if carefully designed and developed, can make positive contributions.
Keywords: actionable guidance, care robotics, Cleaning, Data privacy, ethic discussions, ethical aspects, ethical issue identification, Ethics, extrapolation, Feeds, grounding ethics, handicapped aids, human-robot interaction, Humans, identity issue, ieee xplore, independence issue, Moral & Ethik, Patient Care, privacy issue, robot design, Robot sensing systems, robotic eating-aid, Senior citizens, theoretical extrapolation
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