Alle Publikationen
2015
-
Wright, James (2015): International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier
Abstract: Fully revised and updated, the second edition of the International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, first published in 2001, offers a source of social and behavioral sciences reference material that is broader and deeper than any other. Available in both print and online editions, it comprises over 3,900 articles, commissioned by 71 Section Editors, and includes 90,000 bibliographic references as well as comprehensive name and subject indexes.
Keywords: Youssef, Ramy -
Wright, James D. (2015): International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition). Oxford: Elsevier
Keywords: Verhaltensforschung -
(2015): Conformity-based cooperation in online social networks. The effect of heterogeneous social influence. In: Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 81, S. 78-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2015.08.019
Abstract: This paper extends the conformity model by introducing heterogeneous social influence into the analysis. We associate the influence of a player in the network with its degree centrality assuming that players of higher degree exhibit more social influence on its neighbors. The results show that the equilibrium level of cooperators can be dramatically enhanced if the conformity-driven players are preferentially influenced by neighbors of higher degree. We attribute this finding to two elementary mechanisms in the evolutionary process: (1) degree-based social influence facilitates the formation of strategic clusters around hubs; and (2) payoff-heterogeneity between cooperative clusters and defective clusters contributes to the promotion of cooperation. This research reveals the important role of heterogeneous social influence on the emergence of cooperation in social networks. zitiert von 4
-
(2015): Foreigner and Foreign in English-language Newspapers in Malaysia: A Framesemantic Approach. In: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, S. 103-114Keywords: Ereignisinterpretation, frame semantics, Frame-Semantik, Kultur, Kulturelle Normen, Linguistik, Medien, Medienwirksamkeit, Medienwissenschaft, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Sprache, Sprachgebrauch, Sprachverhalten, Sprachverstehen, Status / biologische Marker
-
(2015): Parafoveal-on-Foveal Effects of Emotional Word Semantics in Reading Chinese Sentences. Evidence From Eye Movements. In: JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION 41 (4), S. 1237-1243
Abstract: Despite the well-known influence of emotional meaning on cognition, relatively less is known about its effects on reading behavior. We investigated whether fixation behavior during the reading of Chinese sentences is influenced by emotional word meaning in the parafovea. Two-character target words embedded into the same sentence frames provided emotionally positive, negative, or neutral contents. Fixation durations on neutral pretarget words were prolonged for positive parafoveal words and for highly frequent negative parafoveal words. In addition, fixation durations on foveal emotional words were shorter than those on neutral words. We also found that the role of emotional words varied as a function of their valence during foveal and parafoveal processing. These findings suggest a processing advantage for emotional words relative to emotionally neutral stimuli in foveal and parafoveal vision. We discuss implications for the notion of attention attraction due to emotional content. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Aufmerksamkeit, Emotion und Sprachverarbeitung, Emotions, Emotionserkennung, frame semantics, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Kognitive Skills/Social Cognition, Lesen, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Neurowissenschaften, Realtechnik, Sprachverstehen, Technik, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten -
(2015): Moral perfectionism and moral values, virtues, and judgments. A preliminary investigation. In: Personality and Individual Differences 75, S. 229-233. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.040
Abstract: Moral perfectionism has a long tradition in philosophical inquiry, but so far has been ignored in psychological research. This article presents a first psychological investigation of moral perfectionism exploring its relationships with moral values, virtues, and judgments. In three studies, 539 university students responded to items of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Frost et al., 1990) adapted to measure personal moral standards (PMS) and concern over moral mistakes (CMM) and completed measures of moral values, virtues, and forgiveness, gratitude, and wrong behavior judgments. When partial correlations were computed controlling for the overlap between PMS and CMM, PMS showed positive correlations with moral values, virtues, reciprocal helping, forgiveness, and condemnation of wrong behaviors. In contrast, CMM showed a positive correlation only with indebtedness and a negative correlation with self-reliance. The present findings, while preliminary, suggest that moral perfectionism is a personality characteristic that may help explain individual differences in moral values, virtues, and judgments. zitiert von: 17
-
(2015): A review of the empirical assessment of processes in ethnic–racial socialization. Examining methodological advances and future areas of development. In: Developmental Review 37, S. 1-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2015.03.001
Abstract: A rapid increase in the empirical literature on ethnic–racial socialization has led to the development of numerous assessments that capture various aspects of the ethnic–racial socialization process. To examine the methodological advances, this paper uses the Process Model of Ethnic–Racial Socialization (PMERS) to systematically review the assessment of ethnic–racial socialization among ethnic minority families in order to review how existing measures assess differential processes of ethnic–racial socialization. Using PsycINFO, ERIC, IngentaConnect, and JSTOR databases, 41 measures were identified that report information on the ethnic–racial socialization process. Findings suggest that existing measures largely consist of explicit assessments of parental and/or youth beliefs and verbal behaviors as measures of the ethnic–racial socialization process. Few measures have captured the behavioral and affective domains of the ethnic–racial socialization process and the implicit and subtle transmission of messages regarding race and ethnicity. Further, methodological approaches in the assessment of ethnic–racial socialization have largely used self-report surveys, suggesting the need for integration of other methods. Areas for future development are discussed using the PMERS framework. zitiert von 4
-
(2015): A Context-based Approach to Robot-human Interaction. In: Procedia Manufacturing 3, S. 1052-1059. DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.171
Abstract: CARIL (Context-Augmented Robotic Interaction Layer) is a human-robot interaction system that leverages cognitive representations of shared context as a basis for a fundamentally new approach to human-robotic interaction. CARIL gives a robot a human-like representation of context and an ability to reason about context in order to adapt its behavior to that of the humans around it. This capability is “action compliance.” A prototype CARIL implementation focuses on a fundamental form of action compliance called non-interference -- “not being underfoot or in a human's way”. Non-interference is key for the safety of human-co-workers, and is also foundational to more complex interactive and teamwork skills. CARIL is tested via simulation in a space-exploration use-case. The live CARIL prototype directs a single simulated robot in a simulated space station where four simulated astronauts are engaging in a variety of tightly-scheduled work activities. The robot is scheduled to perform background tasks away from the astronauts, but must quickly adapt and not be underfoot as astronaut activities diverge from plan and encroach on the robot's space. The robot, driven by CARIL, demonstrates non-interference action compliance in three benchmarks situations, demonstrating the viability of the CARIL technology and concept. zitiert von 2
-
(2015): Digital design and social interfaces. A study of the Twitter interface. In: REVISTA MEDIACAO 17 (21)
Abstract: The objective of this study was to identify and characterize a specific type of digital interface, i.e., social interfaces. To this end, we started from a theoretical framework that seeks to place social interfaces as a digital interface subtype, characterized by its proximity to concepts like computer-mediated interaction, Internet-based social networking sites, and social networking sites. After defining and identifying the types and elements of social interfaces, a qualitative exploratory study of transformations over the Twitter social networking site over time was carried out. The results show changes over time in the tool's interface, seeking to meet the different needs of the user's social interaction when using Twitter.
-
(2015): From honeybees to robots and back. Division of labour based on partitioning social inhibition. In: Bioinspiration & biomimetics 10 (6). DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/10/6/066005
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26501169 Abstract: In this paper, a distributed adaptive partitioning algorithm inspired by division of labor in honeybees is investigated for its applicability in a swarm of underwater robots in one hand and is qualitatively compared with the behavior of honeybee colonies on the other hand. The algorithm, partitioning social inhibition (PSI), is based on local interactions and uses a simple logic inspired from age-polyethism and task allocation in honeybee colonies. The algorithm is analyzed in simulation and is successfully applied here to partition a swarm of underwater robots into groups demonstrating its adaptivity to changes and applicability in real world systems. In a turn towards the inspiration origins of the algorithm, three honeybee colonies are then studied for age-polyethism behaviors and the results are contrasted with a simulated swarm running the PSI algorithm. Similar effects are detected in both the biological and simulated swarms suggesting biological plausibility of the mechanisms employed by the artificial system.
Keywords: Algorithms, Animal Machine, Animals, Bees/physiology, Behavior, Animal/physiology, Biomimetics/instrumentation/methods, Cooperative Behavior, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Feeding Behavior/physiology, Inhibition (Psychology), interdisziplinär, Partitioning Social Inhibition (PSI), Robotics/instrumentation/methods, Social Behavior -
(2015): Autonomie bei (ambulantem) Pflegebedarf im Alter. Eine psychologische Untersuchung. 1. Auflage. Bern: Verlag Hans Huber (Projektreihe der Robert Bosch Stiftung)
Abstract: Die Entwicklung einer theoretischen Rahmenkonzeption für die psychologische Forschung über Autonomie, Alter, Beeinträchtigung und individuellen Pflegebedarf wird vorgelegt. Ausgangspunkt der Konzeption ist das Verständnis der WHO von Autonomie als dem Menschenrecht, "die persönlichen Entscheidungen zu treffen, und zwar im Rahmen der persönlichen Bedürfnisse und Präferenzen". Die Analyse zeigt, dass das deutsche Pflegegesetz den Autonomiebedürfnissen älterer Menschen nicht gerecht wird, und entwickelt alternative Modelle von Autonomie in der Pflege, wobei sozialwissenschaftliche, juristische und psychologische Konzeptionen unter Berücksichtigung der Disability Studies miteinander verknüpft werden. Dieses umfassende Konzept von Autonomie und Beeinträchtigung wurde mit qualitativen Interviews mit vier pflegebedürftigen Menschen empirisch geprüft. Dabei wurden Strategien identifiziert, mit denen die Betroffenen ihre Autonomie durchsetzen oder aufrechterhalten. - Inhalt: (1) Hintergrund und Aufgabenstellung. (2) Autonomie und "aktives Altern". (3) Autonomie als (Menschen-)Recht und politische Forderung: Geschichte einer politischen und juristischen Kategorie. (4) Eine Frage der Selbstbestimmung: Pflege im Alter versus Persönliche Assistenz bei Behinderung? (5) Modelle von Behinderung und (pflegebedürftigem) Alter. (6) Autonomie als geselschaftliche Teilhabe. Eine kritisch-psychologische Perspektive. (7) Psychologie der Bewältigung, Kontrolle und Selbstbestimmung. (8) Alte Menschen mit Pflegebedarf berichten über Selbst- und Fremdbestimmung im Alltag. Eine Sekundäranalyse von vier qualitativen Interviews. (9) Rückblick und Ausblick.
-
(2015): Can we learn to treat one another better? A test of a social intelligence curriculum. In: PLoS one 10 (6)
Abstract: This paper reports on the first test of the value of an online curriculum in social intelligence (SI). Built from current social and cognitive neuroscience research findings, the 50 session SI program was administered, with facilitation in Spanish by classroom instructors, to 207 students from Universidad Rey Juan Carlos in Madrid as part of their undergraduate classes. All materials were translated into Castilian Spanish, including outcome measures of SI that have been used in prior studies to provide valid estimates of two key components of social intelligence: 1) Sensitivity to others and 2) confidence in one’s capacity to manage social situations. Pre- and Posttest were administered to participants in the SI training, and also to 87 students in similar classes who did not receive the program who served as the control group. Gender and emotional intelligence levels at pretest also were examined as potential individual differences that might affect the impact of the program on study outcomes. Repeated measures ANOVAs on study outcomes revealed significant increases, from pre to post, in most measures of social intelligence for program participants in comparison to controls, with no effects of gender or age on program effectiveness. Prior scores on emotional intelligence were not a prerequisite for learning from the program. Some findings suggest ways the program may be improved to have stronger effects. Nonetheless, the findings indicate that the SI program tested here shows considerable promise as a means to increase the willingness of young adults to take the perspective of others and enhance their efficacy for initiating and sustaining positive social connections. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adult, Analysis of Variance, College Students, Curriculum, Emotional Intelligence, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Interaktionsforschung, Lerntheorien, Male, online curriculum, positive social connections, Self Concept, Social intelligence, Social Skills, Soziale Intelligenz, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult -
(2015): Entsprechend dem (mutmaßlichen) Willen? Ethische Anforderungen bei der Einbindung von vulnerablen Personen (am Beispiel von Personen mit Demenz) in wissenschaftlichen Projekten zur Beforschung emotionsorientierter Pflege und Betreuung mit robotischen Assistenzsystemen. In: Pflege & Gesellschaft 20 (1)
Abstract: Ethische Fragestellungen bei wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen mit vulnerablen Personen werden reflektiert. Am Beispiel des Projekts "EmoRobot" werden ethische Probleme bei der Forschung zu robotischen Assistenzsystemen in der Pflege von Demenzkranken verdeutlicht. Zunächst wird ein Einblick in das Konstrukt des mutmaßlichen Willens als Hilfe für Teilnahmeentscheidungen bei Betroffenen gegeben, die nicht mehr selbst entscheiden können. Darauf aufbauend wird eine ethische Bewertungsgrundlage für die Ermittlung des mutmaßlichen Willens dargestellt. Diese umfasst neben grundlegenden ethischen Prinzipien den Einsatz multidisziplinärer ethischer Fallbesprechungen. Am Vorgehen des Roboterprojekts werden ethische Prinzipien und ethische Fallbesprechungen exemplarisch konkretisiert.
-
(2015): Entsprechend dem (mutmaßlichen) Willen? Ethische Anforderungen bei der Einbindung von vulnerablen Personen (am Beispiel von Personen mit Demenz) in wissenschaftlichen Projekten zur Beforschung emotionsorientierter Pflege und Betreuung mit robotischen Assistenzsystemen. In: Pflege & Gesellschaft 20 (1)
Abstract: Ethische Fragestellungen bei wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen mit vulnerablen Personen werden reflektiert. Am Beispiel des Projekts "EmoRobot" werden ethische Probleme bei der Forschung zu robotischen Assistenzsystemen in der Pflege von Demenzkranken verdeutlicht. Zunächst wird ein Einblick in das Konstrukt des mutmaßlichen Willens als Hilfe für Teilnahmeentscheidungen bei Betroffenen gegeben, die nicht mehr selbst entscheiden können. Darauf aufbauend wird eine ethische Bewertungsgrundlage für die Ermittlung des mutmaßlichen Willens dargestellt. Diese umfasst neben grundlegenden ethischen Prinzipien den Einsatz multidisziplinärer ethischer Fallbesprechungen. Am Vorgehen des Roboterprojekts werden ethische Prinzipien und ethische Fallbesprechungen exemplarisch konkretisiert.
-
(2015): Anthropomorphism: Opportunities and Challenges in Human–Robot Interaction. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 7 (3), S. 347-360. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-014-0267-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-014-0267-6 Abstract: Anthropomorphism is a phenomenon that describes the human tendency to see human-like shapes in the environment. It has considerable consequences for people’s choices and beliefs. With the increased presence of robots, it is important to investigate the optimal design for this technology. In this paper we discuss the potential benefits and challenges of building anthropomorphic robots, from both a philosophical perspective and from the viewpoint of empirical research in the fields of human–robot interaction and social psychology. We believe that this broad investigation of anthropomorphism will not only help us to understand the phenomenon better, but can also indicate solutions for facilitating the integration of human-like machines in the real world.
2014
-
2014 9th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) (2014). 2014 9th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). Bielefeld, Germany: Association for Computing Machinery
-
2014 IEEE 27th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2014). New York, NY: IEEE
-
2014 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions (ICARSC) (2014). 2014 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions (ICARSC). Espinho, Portugal: IEEE
-
2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering (2014). Chicago, IL, USA: IEEE
-
2014 IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (2014). Evanston, IL: IEEE
-
2014 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC) (2014). 2014 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC). Melbourne, Australia: IEEE
-
2014 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (2014). 2014 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration. Tokyo, Japan: IEEE
-
2014 International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment and Management (HNICEM) (2014). Puerto Princesa, Philippines: IEEE
-
2014 Second RSI/ISM International Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ICRoM) (2014). Tehran, Iran: IEEE
-
Proceedings. 2014 3rd International Conference on User Science and Engineering (i-USEr) : 2nd-5th September 2014, Faculty of Computer & Mathematical Sciences, UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (2014). 2014 3rd International Conference on User Science and Engineering (i-USEr). Shah Alam, Malaysia, 9/2/2014 - 9/5/2014. [Piscataway, N.J.]: IEEE