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2016
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(2016) : Gender and linguistic sexism. In: Giles, Howard; Maass, Anne (Hg.): Advances in intergroup communication: Bern, Schweiz: Peter Lang Verlagsgruppe (Language as social action)
Abstract: In this chapter, we approach the issue of 'grammaticalization of gender' from an intergroup relations perspective. Using social identity theory, and more specifically self-categorization theory, we argue that grammaticalization of gender strongly contributes to the salience, or accessibility, of the social category 'gender.' Relatedly, we contend that the dual use of grammatically masculine forms to refer to people in general (i.e., as generic forms) as well as to men in particular (i.e., as gender-specific forms) is a reflection of intergroup hierarchies and helps to delimit intergroup boundaries in a way that disadvantages women. As a starting point for our argument, we present the concepts of self-categorization and grammaticalization of gender. We demonstrate how these can be linked together and discuss recent empirical evidence in light of this framework. We then focus on the asymmetric use of grammatical gender forms, which is prevalent in many gendered languages, a nd its c onsequences for the overall invisibility of women in discourse as well as for individuals' sense of belonging. Against this background we discuss neutralization and feminization as linguistic approaches to addressing the negative consequences of the grammaticalization of gender, which have been promoted by political and language-regulating institutions, and conclude with outlining future research directions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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