Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): Fairness, fast and slow. A review of dual process models of fairness. In: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, S. 49-60. DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.016
Abstract: Fairness, the notion that people deserve or have rights to certain resources or kinds of treatment, is a fundamental dimension of moral cognition. Drawing on recent evidence from economics, psychology, and neuroscience, we ask whether self-interest is always intuitive, requiring self-control to override with reasoning-based fairness concerns, or whether fairness itself can be intuitive. While we find strong support for rejecting the notion that self-interest is always intuitive, the literature has reached conflicting conclusions about the neurocognitive systems underpinning fairness. We propose that this disagreement can largely be resolved in light of an extended Social Heuristics Hypothesis. Divergent findings may be attributed to the interpretation of behavioral effects of ego depletion or neurostimulation, reverse inference from brain activity to the underlying psychological process, and insensitivity to social context and inter-individual differences. To better dissect the neurobiological basis of fairness, we outline how future research should embrace cross-disciplinary methods that combine psychological manipulations with neuroimaging, and that can probe inter-individual, and cultural heterogeneities.
2015
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(2015): The overlapping relationship between emotion perception and theory of mind. In: Neuropsychologia 70, S. 1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.02.018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.02.018 Abstract: Socio-cognitive skills are crucial for successful interpersonal interactions. Two particularly important socio-cognitive processes are emotion perception (EP) and theory of mind (ToM), but agreement is lacking on terminology and conceptual links between these constructs. Here we seek to clarify the relationship between the two at multiple levels, from concept to neuroanatomy. EP is often regarded as a low-level perceptual process necessary to decode affective cues, while ToM is usually seen as a higher-level cognitive process involving mental state deduction. In information processing models, EP tends to precede ToM. At the neuroanatomical level, lesion study data suggest that EP and ToM are both right-hemisphere based, but there is also evidence that ToM requires temporal-cingulate networks, whereas EP requires partially separable regions linked to distinct emotions. Common regions identified in fMRI studies of EP and ToM have included medial prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe areas, but differences emerge depending on the perceptual, cognitive and emotional demands of the EP and ToM tasks. For the future, clarity of definition of EP and ToM will be paramount to produce distinct task manipulations and inform models of socio-cognitive processing.
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(2015) : Fairness and Inequity Aversion In: Toga, Arthur W.: Brain mapping: An encyclopedic reference: Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, S. 3-8, zuletzt geprüft am 27.02.2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397025-1.00142-1 Abstract: Brain Mapping: An Encyclopedic Reference, (2015) 3-8. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-397025-1.00142-1 Social preferences for fairness and the avoidance of inequity affect outcome valuation and decision-making. Neuroimaging studies suggest that fair outcomes and behaviors activate brain regions associated with reward processing, such as the striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, whereas neural processing of unfair behavior involves the anterior insula, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex. The temporoparietal junction and medial prefrontal cortex are involved in processing information about others' intentions and reactions to fairness.
Keywords: Anterior cingulate cortex, Behavioral economics, Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, entscheiden, Fairness, fMRI, INEQUALITY, Insula, Neuroeconomics, Neuroimaging, Neurowissenschaften, Reward, science direct, Social preferences, Striatum, Temporoparietal junction, Ventromedial prefrontal cortex 2012
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(2012): The social brain in psychiatric and neurological disorders. In: Trends in cognitive sciences 16 (11), S. 559-572. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2012.09.006
DOI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3606817 Abstract: Psychiatric and neurological disorders have historically provided key insights into the structure-function relationships that subserve human social cognition and behavior, informing the concept of the 'social brain'. In this review, we take stock of the current status of this concept, retaining a focus on disorders that impact social behavior. We discuss how the social brain, social cognition, and social behavior are interdependent, and emphasize the important role of development and compensation. We suggest that the social brain, and its dysfunction and recovery, must be understood not in terms of specific structures, but rather in terms of their interaction in large-scale networks.
2011
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(2011): The impact of disappointment in decision making. Inter-individual differences and electrical neuroimaging. In: Frontiers in human neuroscience 4. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2010.00235
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2010.00235 Abstract: Disappointment, the emotion experienced when faced to reward prediction errors (RPEs), considerably impacts decision making (DM). Individuals tend to modify their behavior in an often unpredictable way just to avoid experiencing negative emotions. Despite its importance, disappointment remains much less studied than regret and its impact on upcoming decisions largely unexplored. Here, we adapted the Trust Game to effectively elicit, quantify, and isolate disappointment by relying on the formal definition provided by Bell's in economics. We evaluated the effects of experienced disappointment and elation on future cooperation and trust as well as the rationality and utility of the different behavioral and neural mechanisms used to cope with disappointment. All participants in our game trusted less and particularly expected less from unknown opponents as a result of disappointing outcomes in the previous trial but not necessarily after elation indicating that behavioral consequences of positive and negative RPEs are not the same. A large variance in the tolerance to disappointment was observed across subjects, with some participants needing only a small disappointment to impulsively bias their subsequent decisions. As revealed by high-density EEG recordings the most tolerant individuals - who thought twice before making a decision and earned more money - relied on different neural generators to contend with neutral and unexpected outcomes. This study thus provides some support to the idea that different neural systems underlie reflexive and reflective decisions within the same individuals as predicted by the dual-system theory of social judgment and DM. zitiert von 16
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