Alle Publikationen
2016
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IET International Conference on Technologies for Active and Assisted Living; Institution of Engineering and Technology; TechAAL (2016): 2nd IET International Conference on Technologies for Active and Assisted Living (TechAAL 2016). 24-25 Oct. 2016. 2nd IET International Conference on Technologies for Active and Assisted Living (TechAAL 2016). London, UK, 24-25 Oct. 2016. Stevenage, Herts., UK; Piscataway, NJ: IET, IEEE
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(2016): Reply to My Interlocutors. In: Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 20 (2), S. 168-176. DOI: 10.5840/techne201672855
Abstract: “Reply to My Interlocutors” responds to each contributor, not in order in the text, but in order of issues. Each interlocutor deals with important issues and I situate myself in relation to these. Dealing with Husserl from a twenty-first century position has called for a multiple layered time response, since I find much of his philosophy of science highly outdated. The origins of the various chapters take place over several decades of time.
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(2016): DeeperCut. A Deeper, Stronger, and Faster Multi-Person Pose Estimation Model. Online verfügbar unter http://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.03170v3
Abstract: The goal of this paper is to advance the state-of-the-art of articulated pose estimation in scenes with multiple people. To that end we contribute on three fronts. We propose (1) improved body part detectors that generate effective bottom-up proposals for body parts; (2) novel image-conditioned pairwise terms that allow to assemble the proposals into a variable number of consistent body part configurations; and (3) an incremental optimization strategy that explores the search space more efficiently thus leading both to better performance and significant speed-up factors. Evaluation is done on two single-person and two multi-person pose estimation benchmarks. The proposed approach significantly outperforms best known multi-person pose estimation results while demonstrating competitive performance on the task of single person pose estimation. Models and code available at http://pose.mpi-inf.mpg.de
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(2016) : Modularization of skill ontologies for industrial robots In: VDE: Proceedings of ISR 2016: 47st International Symposium on Robotics: Berlin: VDE Verlag GmbH, S. 1-6. Online verfügbar unter https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7559114/
Abstract: With industrial robots ready to take the next step in mastering manufacturing tasks new approaches to reduce the programming effort are needed. This is achieved by introducing skills as robot "know-how" and using them as a higher abstraction level of robot instructions during programming. The skills are reusable items providing motion control and rich declarative descriptions of complex robot capabilities. Storing the skills requires an adequate knowledge representation model that enables reuse and reasoning on skills and simplifies knowledge management. In this paper we report on development of a skill representation model and its implementation in a knowledge base. The developed model is effectively a class hierarchy of the skill concepts implemented in a modularized ontology structure. The resulting model clarifies the intrinsic concepts of a skill and presents a module structure that enables the future development and reuse of skills in general.
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(2016): What (if Anything) Is Wrong with Capitalism?. Dysfunctionality, Exploitation and Alienation: Three Approaches to the Critique of Capitalism. In: The Southern Journal of Philosophy 54, S. 44-65. DOI: 10.1111/sjp.12188
Abstract: What is the problem with capitalism? Is it wrong, unjust, irrational, or bad? Is it evil or dumbor is it just not working? While critiques of capitalism have become commonplaceparticularly since the most recent global economic crisisit is often unclear what exactly is being condemned. Likewise, the normative presuppositions and criteria of such criticisms have been left unspecified. In this paper, I distinguish between three approaches to the critique of capitalism, distinguishing a functional, a moral, and an ethical argumentative strategy and paying special attention to the distinctive types of argumentation they mobilize. First, I consider the functional critique, typically directed against capitalism's straightforward dysfunctions or crises. We will find, however, that this sort of criticism presupposes a normative criterion that is frequently unarticulated, namely: the implied purpose of a well-functioning economic system. Second, I examine a common moral critique, that is, that capitalism is premised on exploitation. Yet, the concept of exploitation, too, introduces certain difficulties, since the kind of moral wrong associated with itunequal exchangeis hardly obvious to everyday observation and must be derived systematically. Third, I introduce and address the ethical critique, broadly, that capitalism constitutes a bad form-of-life. However, while I object to some of the forms this criticism has takenin particular, I argue that much alienation diagnosis is tainted by nostalgia and naiveteI nonetheless recommend developing a critique of capitalism as a form-of-life that would include ethical and functional criteria. I conclude with some remarks in this direction.
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Jaeggi, Rahel; Wesche, Tilo (Hg.) (2016): Was ist Kritik?. Symposion "Immanenz und Transzendenz - Konstellationen philosophischer Kritik". 4. Aufl.. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp (Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft)
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(2016): Participation in Public and Social Media Interactions. In: Journal of Pragmatics 98, S. 54-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2016.01.013
Abstract: This book deals with participation frameworks in modern social and public media. It brings together several cutting-edge research studies that offer exciting new insights into the nature and formats of interpersonal communication in diverse technology-mediated contexts. Some papers introduce new theoretical extensions to participation formats, while others present case studies in various discourse domains spanning public and private genres. Adopting the perspective of the pragmatics of interaction, these contributions discuss data ranging from public, mass-mediated and quasi-authentic texts, fully staged and scripted textual productions, to authentic, non-scripted private messages and comments, both of a permanent and ephemeral nature. The analyses include news interviews, online sports reporting, sitcoms, comedy shows, stand-up comedies, drama series, institutional and personal blogs, tweets, follow-up YouTube video commentaries, and Facebook status updates. All the authors emphasize the role of context and pay attention to how meaning is constructed by participants in interactions in increasingly complex participation frameworks existing in traditional as well as novel technologically mediated interactions
Keywords: Design -
(2016): Manifestation of Malay Politeness in Asking and Giving Advice. Manifestasi Kesantunan Melayu dalam Ujaran Memberi dan Meminta Nasihat. In: GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies 16 (2), S. 73-94. DOI: 10.17576/gema-2016-1602-05
Abstract: The acts of asking and giving advice are linguistically complex and require observations of politeness norms that exist across cultures. Lack of understanding on this aspect of communication often leads to conflicts or resistance to the advice given. This can be especially so in motivational radio phone-in shows where the politeness strategies of the callers can be numerous. Hence, an analysis was done to identify the patterns of politeness employed in a talk show entitled "Celik Mata Reset Minda Orang Yang Tenang" aired on Radio IKIMfm. Brown and Levinson's (1987) Politeness Model, and Grice's (1975) Maxims of Cooperative Principles were combined to form a model called "Model Pola Kombinasi Strategi dan Maksim" (MPKSM) to analyse the 33 dialogues in the body structure of a conversational context. MPKSM forms four patterns of combined strategies which are Patterns A, B, C and D with the main patterns of P2 and P3. P2 consists of both positive and negative politeness strategies while P3 consists of off-record strategies. Both P2 and P3 are related to the maxims of Cooperative Principles. The speech acts of asking and giving advice from those who took part in the body structure of the radio talk show were analysed using five methods which are downloading of texts, text analysis, transcription, labelling and coding as well as through quantitative approach. The findings indicate that the participants in the talk show have applied the MPKSM in their utterances by minimizing Face Threatening Acts (FTA) while planning the acts to avoid conflicts, with pattern B being dominantly used. The study also shows that time constraint and the presence of overhearer audience were significant factors in influencing the selection of politeness strategies among participants.
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(2016): Personhood and social robotics. A psychological consideration. London: Routledge (Explorations in social psychology series)
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(2016): Assessing early childhood social and emotional development. Key conceptual and measurement issues. In: Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 45, S. 42-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2016.02.008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2016.02.008 Abstract: This concluding paper takes stock of key issues that have emerged across the papers of this special issue on measuring early childhood social and emotional development, as well as in the broader literature anchoring these papers. While we include separate sections focusing on conceptual and measurement issues, it quickly becomes clear that the two are intertwined. The field lacks conceptual and definitional clarity, thus hindering our understanding of the focus and utility of specific measures. Indeed, our overarching conclusion is that the greatest progress will be made when measures of young children's social and emotional development are clearly mapped onto an agreed upon conceptual framework that both distinguishes social and emotional development from other broad domains (such as cognitive development), and includes carefully delineated and defined subdomains (broad areas within social and emotional development, such as emotional competence), constructs (specific aspects within subdomains, such as emotion knowledge), and corresponding behaviors. zitiert von 12
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(2016): “We Always Have a Beer after the Meeting”. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 36 (3), S. 251-275. DOI: 10.1177/0048393106289791
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(2016): Social learning across psychological distance. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 110 (1), S. 1-19. DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000042
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26727663 Abstract: While those we learn from are often close to us, more and more our learning environments are shifting to include more distant and dissimilar others. The question we examine in 5 studies is how whom we learn from influences what we learn and how what we learn influences from whom we choose to learn it. In Study 1, we show that social learning, in and of itself, promotes higher level (more abstract) learning than does learning based on one's own direct experience. In Studies 2 and 3, we show that when people learn from and emulate others, they tend to do so at a higher level when learning from a distant model than from a near model. Studies 4 and 5 show that thinking about learning at a higher (compared to a lower) level leads individuals to expand the range of others that they will consider learning from. Study 6 shows that when given an actual choice, people prefer to learn low-level information from near sources and high-level information from distant sources. These results demonstrate a basic link between level of learning and psychological distance in social learning processes. zitiert von 18
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(2016): Where Do Social Norms Come From?. In: Current Directions in Psychological Science 14 (6), S. 331-334. DOI: 10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00392.x
Abstract: Where do social norms come from? Part of the answer must surely lie in such norms' ability to support individual adaptive success in local ecologies. This theme is dominant in analyses of social behavior by economic game theorists and behavioral-ecology researchers, but it has been neglected by psychologists. An illustration of the methods and advantages of the adaptationist approach to understanding the emergence of social norms is provided. Some surprising behavioral results from modern industrial societies that reflect social-sharing norms of modern hunter-gatherer societies are found to be consistent with the authors's adaptive analysis.
Keywords: Normen, Verhaltensforschung -
(2016) : Young children's understanding of social norms and social institutions In: Kury, Helmut; Redo, Sławomir; Shea, Evelyne (Hg.): Women and children as victims and offenders: Background, prevention, reintegration : suggestions for succeeding generations: [Cham]: Springer International Publishing Switzerland, S. 195-210. Online verfügbar unter https://books.google.de/books?id=wpBPDAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9783319083988&hl=de&cd=1&source=gbs_api#v=onepage&q&f=false
Abstract: Discusses young children's understanding of social norms and institutions. Research results indicate that children from a young age have the capacity to recognize, learn, and apply the social norms of their environment. Empirical evidence shows that young children learn social norms quickly, understand that different norms apply in different contexts, and even jointly create their own social norms with peers. As an example, this chapter presents findings regarding children as young as two or three years of age who already show an understanding of social norms and ownership rights. The majority of empirical studies to date were conducted with children growing up in Western societies, but the authors included cross-cultural findings whenever possible.
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(2016): Swears in Context. The Difference Between Casual and Abusive Swearing. In: Journal of psycholinguistic research 45 (2), S. 259-274. DOI: 10.1007/s10936-014-9345-z
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25480107 Abstract: Although swearing is taboo language, it frequently appears in daily conversations. To explain this paradox, two studies examined contextualized swearing in Indian and non-Indian participants. In Study 1, participants assessed the appropriateness of mild, moderate, and severe swears in casual and abusive contexts; in Study 2, participants completed contextual dialogues with mild, moderate, or severe swearwords. Results indicated that mild and moderate swears were more appropriate in casual settings than in abusive scenarios; severe swears were the most inappropriate, regardless of context. Mild and moderate swears were likely to be used to complete casual and abusive dialogues respectively, even though it was expected that severe swears would be compatible with abusive settings. Moreover, gender and nationality differences suggested that assessing appropriateness of swearing behaviour and likelihood of swearword usage provided independent and contrasting findings. Cultural variations in swearing behaviour, particularly contextualized swearing, and suggestions for further research are outlined.
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, India/ethnology, Language, Male, Middle Aged, Taboo, time, Verbal Behavior, Young Adult -
(2016): Intergroup contact effects via ingroup distancing among majority and minority groups: Moderation by social dominance orientation. In: PLoS one 11 (1). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146895
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146895 Abstract: Tested whether intergroup contact reduces negative outgroup attitudes through a process of ingroup distancing. Based on the deprovincialization hypothesis and social-dominance theory, it was hypothesized that the indirect effect of cross-group friendship on outgroup attitudes via reduced ingroup identification is moderated by individuals' social-dominance orientation (SDO), and occurs only for members of high-status majority groups. These predictions were tested in three different intergroup contexts, involving conflictual relations between social groups in Germany (Study 1; N = 150; longitudinal Study 2: N = 753), Northern Ireland (Study 3: N = 160; Study 4: N = 1,948), and England (Study 5; N = 594). Results show that cross-group friendship was associated with reduced ingroup identification and the link between reduced ingroup identification and improved outgroup attitudes was moderated by SDO (the indirect effect of cross-group friendship on outgroup attitudes via reduced ingroup only occurred for individuals scoring high, but not low, in SDO). Although there was a consistent moderating effect of SDO in high-status majority groups (Studies 1-5), but not low-status minority groups (Studies 3, 4, and 5), the interaction by SDO was not reliably stronger in high- than low-status groups. Findings are discussed in terms of better understanding deprovincialization effects of contact.
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Kaye, Jofish; Druin, Allison; Lampe, Cliff; Morris, Dan; Hourcade, Juan Pablo (Hg.) (2016): CHI 2016. Proceedings, the 34th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, San Jose Convention Center : San Jose, CA, USA, May 7-12. CHI'16: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. San Jose California USA, 07 05 2016 12 05 2016. New York, New York: The Association for Computing Machinery
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(2016): Unser Wertesystem - hochhalten und öffnen?. In: Bewusstseinswissenschaften 22 (2)
Abstract: Werden die aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Krisen und Brüche als geistige Herausforderung verstanden, bedarf es zuerst einer Vergewisserung über unser Wertesystem. Im kritischen Blick wird offenbar, dass es geschwächt ist und in vielen Streitfragen weder gezielt herangezogen noch verteidigt wird. Es wird aufgezeigt, warum das so ist. Im zweiten Abschnitt wird dafür plädiert, sich auch der Wandlungen des Wertesystems bewusst zu sein sowie sich von da aus für neue Perspektiven und Erfahrungen zu öffnen. Dazu werden einige neue Befunde aus sozialwissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen referiert. Die Schwächung der Politik erschwert es den Menschen, sich zuversichtlich auf Öffnungen einzulassen. Im dritten Abschnitt wird dargelegt, wie die Situation und die Kultur der bei uns lebenden Migrantinnen und Migranten und neuerdings der Asylbewerber und Flüchtlinge zu beurteilen sind. Daraus ergeben sich weitere Herausforderungen an eine aktive, tolerante, Zivilgesellschaft, die, wenn nötig, sich robust einsetzt für Respekt und Menschenwürde.
Keywords: Werte -
(2016): Logical Dualism. Human Values and Method in the Social Sciences. In: Cultural Hermeneutics 2 (1), S. 61-73. DOI: 10.1177/019145377400200103
Abstract: The process of erosion undermines our sense of values. To seek what we depreciate gives much meaning and purpose to value and to avoid what we human life. Yet all this may be illusory. To be sure, it is a fact that human beings make value judgments. But that specific individuals value specific things is as open to scientific explanation as is everything done by humans. What is valued has nothing to do with the intrinsic excellence of the object, it may be only the reflection of one’s genetic make-up, of laws of learning and conditioning, of habits that we had no choice in acquiring. And if this is so, then moral goodness, aesthetic excellence, political justice are not ideals worthwhile in themselves, but mere projections of inevitable feelings caused by unchosen factors. Values, in that case, are just labels for things we cannot help liking or disliking.
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(2016): Situational Urgency and Conversational Retreat. In: Communication Research 28 (1), S. 3-47. DOI: 10.1177/009365001028001001
Abstract: Conversational Constraint Theory posits that preferred levels of efficiency and social appropriateness for particular conversational encounters fluctuate in response to situational, relational, and personal factors, and these fluctuations after and determine which behaviors are acceptable tactics for achieving goals in these encounters. This research examines the situational factor of urgency, its influence on minimally preferred levels of efficiency and social appropriateness, and its influence on the acceptability of tactics for unilaterally withdrawing from conversations. A three phase research process finds that (a) efficiency and appropriateness assessments of conversational retreat tactics are goal dependent and within-goal variant, stable over time and across subpopulations; (b) situational urgency increases the preferred level for efficiency only; and (c) situational urgency alters tactical acceptability such that appropriate though less efficient tactics acceptable in nonurgent situations are unacceptable in urgent situations.
Keywords: time -
(2016): Status, Power and Ritual Interaction. A Relational Reading of Durkheim, Goffman and Collins. London: Taylor and Francis. Online verfügbar unter https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gbv/detail.action?docID=4470503
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(2016): Vom Umgang mit eigenen und fremden Machten in der Fuhrung
Abstract: Erganzend zur emotionalen Kompetenz wird der Begriff der Machtkompetenz als eine aktuelle Anforderung an Fuhrungskrafte eingefuhrt und entwickelt. Machtkompetenz wird gerade in bewegten Zeiten fur besonders notwendig erachtet. Sechs Konzepte aus der einschlagigen Literatur zum Thema Macht werden vorgestellt als Hilfestellung fur die Reflexion des Themas im Kontext von Fuhrungskrafte-Coachings: (1) Motivstrukturen von Fuhrungskraften, (2) Entwicklungsstadien des Machtmotivs, (3) personliche Glaubenssatze, (4) vier Machtverhaltensstile, (5) subjektive Machtbasen, (6) genderspezifische Aspekte.
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(2016): Telepresence Mechatronic Robot (TEBoT). Towards the design and control of socially interactive bio-inspired system. In: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 31 (5), S. 2597-2610. DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-169100
Abstract: Socially interactive systems are embodied agents that engage in social interactions with humans. From a design perspective, these systems are built by considering a biologically inspired design (Bio-inspired) that can mimic and simulate human-like communication cues and gestures. The design of a bio-inspired system usually consists of (i) studying biological characteristics, (ii) designing a similar biological robot, and (iii) motion planning, that can mimic the biological counterpart. In this article, we present a design, development, control-strategy and verification of our socially interactive bio-inspired robot, namely - Telepresence Mechatronic Robot (TEBoT). The key contribution of our work is an embodiment of a real human-neck movements by, i) designing a mechatronic platform based on the dynamics of a real human neck and ii) capturing the real head movements through our novel single-camera based vision algorithm. Our socially interactive bio-inspired system is based on an intuitive integration-design strategy that combines computer vision based geometric head pose estimation algorithm, model based design (MBD) approach and real-time motion planning techniques. We have conducted an extensive testing to demonstrate effectiveness and robustness of our proposed system.
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(2016): A Time-Lagged Study of the Relationship Between Big Five Personality and Ethical Ideology. In: Ethics & Behavior 26 (6), S. 488-506. DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2015.1055493
Abstract: Our objective is to examine the effects of Big Five personality traits on ethical ideologies using a time-lagged design of 406 employees of higher education institutions in Pakistan. Based on low/high idealism versus relativism, we investigate the conceptual linkage between each of the personality traits and moral philosophy. The results illustrate that extraversion and openness to experience believed on subjectivism moral philosophy, agreeableness believed on situationism, and neuroticism believed on absolutism moral philosophies. In addition, contentiousness believed on exceptionism moral philosophy. Furthermore, managerial implications and future research directions are suggested.
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(2016): Vibrotactile feedback for conveying object shape information as perceived by artificial sensing of robotic arm. In: Cognitive Neurodynamics 10 (4), S. 327-338. DOI: 10.1007/s11571-016-9386-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11571-016-9386-0 Abstract: This work is a preliminary study towards developing an alternative communication channel for conveying shape information to aid in recognition of items when tactile perception is hindered. Tactile data, acquired during object exploration by sensor fitted robot arm, are processed to recognize four basic geometric shapes. Patterns representing each shape, classified from tactile data, are generated using micro-controller-driven vibration motors which vibrotactually stimulate users to convey the particular shape information. These motors are attached on the subject’s arm and their psychological (verbal) responses are recorded to assess the competence of the system to convey shape information to the user in form of vibrotactile stimulations. Object shapes are classified from tactile data with an average accuracy of 95.21 %. Three successive sessions of shape recognition from vibrotactile pattern depicted learning of the stimulus from subjects’ psychological response which increased from 75 to 95 %. This observation substantiates the learning of vibrotactile stimulation in user over the sessions which in turn increase the system efficacy. The tactile sensing module and vibrotactile pattern generating module are integrated to complete the system whose operation is analysed in real-time. Thus, the work demonstrates a successful implementation of the complete schema of artificial tactile sensing system for object-shape recognition through vibrotactile stimulations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)