Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): Real-time gesture translation in intercultural communication. In: AI & Society 32 (1), S. 25-35. DOI: 10.1007/s00146-014-0573-4
Abstract: Nonverbal behavior plays a crucial role in human communication and often leads to misunderstandings between people from different cultures, even if they speak the same language fluently. While translation systems are available for verbal communication, translators for nonverbal communication do not exist yet. We present the conceptual design and an early prototype of a real-time gesture translator using body tracking and gesture recognition in avatar-mediated intercultural interactions. It contributes to the ambitious goal of bridging between cultures by translating culture-specific gestures to enhance mutual understanding. Possible applications of the gesture translator are discussed as a facilitating tool for global business meetings and as a means of technology-enhanced conflict resolution and prevention.
Keywords: body tracking, Computerwissenschaft, Cultural interaction, culture specific, Disziplin, Gestik, Gestik/Mimik, gesture, Interaktion, Kommunikation, kulturspezifisch, Kulturtheorie, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Nonverbal behaviour, Nonverbales Verhalten, Personenerkennung, Realtechnik, real-time gesture translation, Sozial Intelligente Agenten, Status / biologische Marker, Technik, translators for nonverbal communication -
(2017): The depicted service employee in marketing communications. An empirical assessment of the impact of facial happiness. In: Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 38, S. 186-193. DOI: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.06.006
Abstract: Employees are often depicted in service firms' marketing communications material. This study examines one particular aspect of such depictions: the signaling of happiness in terms of the employees' facial expressions. It is assumed that depicted faces transmit emotional signals, that receivers are hardwired to react to such signals, and that the emotional signals influence the outcomes of the receivers' information processing activities. Our empirical results show that this was indeed the case: employee display of happiness was positively and significantly associated with employee evaluations. The contribution of employee happiness remained significant when other characteristics of the depicted face (e.g., attractiveness) were controlled for. Our results also show that employee evaluations had a positive impact on the overall evaluation of the offer of the employee's firm, and that the employee evaluations mediated the association between employee display of happiness and the evaluation of the offer.
2014
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(2014): Sprachen der Emotion. Kultur, Kunst, Gesellschaft. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag
Abstract: Was und wie Menschen fühlen, wird zu einem großen Teil durch kulturelle Codes reguliert. Die Entstehung solcher Codes, ihre Wirkung auf die Emotionen und die Wirkung der Emotionen auf die Sprache werden untersucht und mit dem kooperativen Verhalten nichtmenschlicher Primaten verglichen. Im Zentrum steht dabei die enge Verbindung von Emotionen und Sprache. Neben der Sprache werden auch die Musik, der Film, die Gestik, religiöse Praktiken und Rituale sowie der Ausdruck von sozialen Gefühlen in die Betrachtung einbezogen. Bei den Beiträgen handelt es sich um ausgewählte Forschungsarbeiten des Exzellenzclusters "Languages of Emotion" der Freien Universität Berlin. - Inhalt: (1) Gunter Gebauer und Markus Edler: Einleitung. (2) Dominik Perler: Wozu philosophiehistorische Emotionsforschung? Methodologische Überlegungen. (3) Hilge Landweer: "Vor der Kreuzspinne braucht man sich nicht zu fürchten." - Emotionen, Situationen und Angemessenheit. (4) Michael Tomasello: Kooperation und Kommunikation im zweiten Lebensjahr. (5) Katja Liebal: Emotionale Kommunikation nichtmenschlicher Primaten: Eine artvergleichende Perspektive. (6) Julian Hanich und Winfried Menninghaus: Im Wechselbad der Gefühle: Zur Emotionsvielfalt im filmischen Melodram - Eine Mikroanalyse. (7) Arthur M. Jacobs: Affektive und ästhetische Prozesse beim Lesen: Anfänge einer neurokognitiven Poetik. (8) Stefan Koelsch: Musik, Emotion und Gehirn. (9) Clemens Risi: Das "Kraftwerk der Gefühle": Oper und Emotion vom 17. Jahrhundert bis Verdi und Wagner. (10) Regine Herbrik und Hubert Knoblauch: Die Emotionalisierung der Religion. (11) Ulla Haselstein: Coolness. (12) Gunter Gebauer: Kollektive Emotionen und Glaube: Das erhöhte Ich im Fußball. (13) Hermann Kappelhoff: Affektmobilisierung und mediale Kriegsinszenierung. (14) Christian von Scheve: Gefühlte Ungleichheit: Einige Zusammenhänge zwischen Sozialstruktur und Emotionen. (15) Sina Emde: Emotion, Erinnerung und Gewalt in Kambodscha: Zwischen staatlicher Politik und lokaler Aufarbeitung.
Keywords: Culture, Emotions, Emotionsforschung, Film, Gefühl, Gestik, Language and emotions, Musik, Religion, Sprache, Sprachwissenschaften 2011
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(2011): Decorum of the Minuet, Delirium of the Waltz. A Study of Dance-Music Relations in 3/4 Time. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press (Musical Meaning and Interpretation). Online verfügbar unter https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gbv/detail.action?docID=4766639
Abstract: Much music was written for the two most important dances of the 18th and 19th centuries, the minuet and the waltz. In Decorum of the Minuet, Delirium of the Waltz, Eric McKee argues that to better understand the musical structures and expressive meanings of this dance music, one must be aware of the social contexts and bodily rhythms of the social dances upon which it is based. McKee approaches dance music as a component of a multimedia art form that involves the interaction of physical motion, music, architecture, and dress. Moreover, the activity of attending a ball involves a dynamic network of modalities—sight, sound, bodily awareness, touch, and smell, which can be experienced from the perspectives of a dancer, a spectator, or a musician. McKee considers dance music within a larger system of signifiers and points-of-view that opens new avenues of interpretation.
Keywords: Anblick, Architektur (allg), Berührung, Electronic books, Geräusch, Geruch, Gestik, History and criticism, Kinematik, Klang, Kleidung, Körperbewegungen, Körperbewusstsein, Körperrhythmus, Kulturelle Rituale, Mikrobiologische Zusammensetzung von Körpersekreten, Mimik, Minuet (Dance), Musik, Originaltitel zu einem berits eingepflegten book review, ort, Proxemik, Raum, Sonstiges, Soziale Rituale, Tanz, Teilnehmender vs. Zuschauer, Visuelle Wahrnehmung, Waltzes 2008
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(2008): Sexual coercion and the misperception of sexual intent. In: Clinical psychology review 28 (1), S. 48-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.03.002
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17462798 Abstract: Misperceiving a woman's platonic interest as sexual interest has been implicated in a sexual bargaining process that leads to sexual coercion. This paper provides a comprehensive review of sexual misperception, including gender differences in perception of women's sexual intent, the relationship between sexual coercion and misperception, and situational factors that increase the risk that sexual misperception will occur. Compared to women, men consistently perceive a greater degree of sexual intent in women's behavior. However, there is evidence to suggest that this gender effect may be driven largely by a sub-group of men who are particularly prone to perceive sexual intent in women's behavior, such as sexually coercive men and men who endorse sex-role stereotypes. Situational factors, such as alcohol use by the man or woman, provocative clothing, and dating behaviors (e.g., initiating the date or making eye contact), are all associated with increased estimates of women's sexual interest. We also critique the current measurement strategies and introduce a model of perception that more closely maps on to important theoretical questions in this area. A clearer understanding of sexual perception errors and the etiology of these errors may serve to guide sexual-assault prevention programs toward more effective strategies.
Keywords: Alcohol Drinking, Biologische Marker, Coercion, Control, degree of acquaintance, eye-contact, Female, Gender Identity, Gestik, Humans, Individuality, Intention, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Mimik, MODELS, Numerical Data, Perceptual Distortion, Postkasten, Prevention, Psychological, Psychologie, PSYCHOLOGY, Rape, Sex Factors, Sexual Behaviour, Social Perception, Statistics, Status, SV 2006
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(2006): Towards the neurobiology of emotional body language. In: Nature reviews. Neuroscience 7 (3), S. 242-249. DOI: 10.1038/nrn1872
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16495945 Abstract: People's faces show fear in many different circumstances. However, when people are terrified, as well as showing emotion, they run for cover. When we see a bodily expression of emotion, we immediately know what specific action is associated with a particular emotion, leaving little need for interpretation of the signal, as is the case for facial expressions. Research on emotional body language is rapidly emerging as a new field in cognitive and affective neuroscience. This article reviews how whole-body signals are automatically perceived and understood, and their role in emotional communication and decision-making.
Keywords: Amygdala, Angst, Animals, Biological, Brain Mapping, dominance, Emotions, entscheiden, Facial Expression, Functional Laterality, Gestik, Humans, Kinesics, Körperhaltung, Mimik, MODELS, Neurobiologie, Neurobiology, Neurowissenschaften, Nonverbale Kommunikation, physiology, Social Perception 2001
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(2001): Arbitria-Vrbanitatis. Language, style, and characterization in Catullus ’cc.39 and 37’. In: CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY 20 (2), S. 239-272
Abstract: This article describes how cc. 39 and 37 create distinct tones of voice and use them to preclude the social pretensions of Egnatius in different spheres. The style of c. 39, markedly oratorical—and non-Catullan—in the syntax of its opening lines, develops into the voice of a respectable senex by way of archaisms of vocabulary and syntax and is capped by a figure of humor otherwise absent from the polymetrics, the apologus. The style thus creates a voice perfectly suited to chastise Egnatius' social ineptitudes and, more importantly, constitutes on the verbal level an embodiment of the standards of the urban elite. Catullus thus illustrates to Egnatius that a subtle system of social gestures can be learned - something which Egnatius, for all his apparent pretensions to social prominence, manifestly has not grasped, marred as he is by the habit of grinning inappropriately. C. 37, which ends with an attack on the same Egnatius, is far different in tone, commingling tokens of artfulness with vulgarity and forcefulness. That mixed style exercises ironic decorum towards Lesbia's lovers, who are themselves an oddly mixed group, well-off on the one hand, but "backstreet adulterers" on the other. But the two tones of voice, and indeed the two groups of lovers, also embody the paradoxes of the Roman construction of stylish behavior, which could be represented as elegant dalliance or reprehensible vice. Inasmuch as Egnatius' fashion affectations, ridiculed at the poem's end, fail to qualify him for the ranks of Lesbia's lovers, he is represented as outside sophisticated society, however it be constructed. In concert the two poems utterly derail Egnatius' social pretensions: c. 39 as it were outflanks him on the "right," barring him from respectable society, and c. 37 outflanks him on the "left," barring him from the "jet set."
1998
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(1998): Smiles, Speech, and Body Posture. How Women and Men Display Sociometric Status and Power. In: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 22 (4), S. 209-228. DOI: 10.1023/A:1022967721884
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022967721884 Abstract: This study found that power and status have different effects on nonverbal behavior. Participants lived together for a term in ten member groups (50 women, 29 men) and rated their housemates on characteristics related to power (toughness and leadership) and sociometric status (popularity and being well-known). Smiling, arm and leg position, and total talking time were recorded in group discussions, one with housemates only and one with strangers included. Power, but not sociometric status, was associated with open-body postures in women and with frequency of talking in women and men. Smiling was unrelated to power and was positively correlated with sociometric status. Male body posture was more open, but women and men did not differ in frequency of talking or smiling.
Keywords: Antworten im Rahmen einer Konversation, Anwesenheit nur von Bekannten/Freunden vs. Anwesenheit von Fremden, Biologische Marker, Dauer, Häufigkeit, Menge des Sprechens eines Konversationspartners, Gender, Gestik, Konversationsanalyse, Körperhaltung, Korrespondenz, Kultureller Kontext, Lächeln, Offenheit vs. Geschlossenheit der Körperhaötung, Öffentlicher vs. privater Raum, (Position der) Extremitäten, Sozialer Raum, Sprachgebrauch, Sprechzeit, Status, Turn-taking innerhalb der Konsersation 1992
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(1992): Decorum, power, and the courtly style. In: Quarterly Journal of Speech 78 (2), S. 149-172. DOI: 10.1080/00335639209383987
Abstract: If politics is an art, then matters of style must be crucial to ist practice. This essay considers how political actions are shaped by rhethorical practices that depend upon aesthetic perceptions. Modern assumptioms of artistic autonomy are replaced by the classical concept of decorum; which offers a model for understanding how political life is styled for rhetorical effect. The role of decorousness in contemporary politics is illustrated by the extreme case of the courtly style, which constitutes power through propriety, is centered on the king’s body, displaces speech with gesture, and ends in political paralysis.
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