Alle Publikationen
2011
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(2011): Courteous but not curious. How doctors' politeness masks their existential neglect. A qualitative study of video-recorded patient consultations. In: Journal of medical ethics 37 (11), S. 650-654. DOI: 10.1136/jme.2010.041988
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21610269 Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study how doctors care for their patients, both medically and as fellow humans, through observing their conduct in patient-doctor encounters. DESIGN Qualitative study in which 101 videotaped consultations were observed and analysed using a Grounded Theory approach, generating explanatory categories through a hermeneutical analysis of the taped consultations. SETTING A 500-bed general teaching hospital in Norway. PARTICIPANTS 71 doctors working in clinical non-psychiatric departments and their patients. RESULTS The doctors were concerned about their patients' health and how their medical knowledge could be of service. This medical focus often over-rode other important aspects of the consultations, especially existential elements. The doctors actively directed the focus away from their patients' existential concerns onto medical facts and rarely addressed the personal aspects of a patient's condition, treating them in a biomechanical manner. At the same time, however, the doctors attended to their patients with courteousness, displaying a polite and friendly attitude and emphasising the relationship between them. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that the main failing of patient-doctor encounters is not a lack of courteous manners, but the moral offence patients experience when existential concerns are ignored. Improving doctors' social and communication skills cannot resolve this moral problem, which appears to be intrinsically bound to modern medical practice. Acknowledging this moral offence would, however, be the first step towards minimising the effects thereof.
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(2011): Social fMRI. Investigating and shaping social mechanisms in the real world. In: Pervasive and Mobile Computing 7 (6), S. 643-659. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmcj.2011.09.004
Abstract: We introduce the Friends and Family study, a longitudinal living laboratory in a residential community. In this study, we employ a ubiquitous computing approach, Social Functional Mechanism-design and Relationship Imaging, or Social fMRI, that combines extremely rich data collection with the ability to conduct targeted experimental interventions with study populations. We present our mobile-phone-based social and behavioral sensing system, deployed in the wild for over 15 months. Finally, we present three investigations performed during the study, looking into the connection between individuals' social behavior and their financial status, network effects in decision making, and a novel intervention aimed at increasing physical activity in the subject population. Results demonstrate the value of social factors for choice, motivation, and adherence, and enable quantifying the contribution of different incentive mechanisms.
Keywords: Design, Favoriten, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, Modelle/Theorien, Netzwerktheorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Social fMRI, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Klasse / Schicht, Soziale Netzwerk Analyse, Technische Modelle/Frameworks/Algorithmen -
(2011): Notes on Ethno-Pragmatics as a Device for Intercultural Communication Intelligence (ICQ). In: Cultura 8 (2), S. 63-71. DOI: 10.2478/v10193-011-0019-7
Abstract: Ethno-pragmatics as device to understand the culturally Other is essential when we believe that there is a nexus of intimate relationships between language and culture. The whole idea of ethno-pragmatics is to understand local life-worlds in the wake of celebrating particularism in inter-cultural communication. Ethno-pragmatics basically appreciates language practices in terms that make sense to the people concerned, whether in terms of indigenous values, beliefs, attitudes, social categories or emotions, and so on. Understanding cultural keywords is pertinent in ethno-pragmatics. These living words provide the best key to a culture’s values and assumptions, and they are embedded in the cultural scripts of the society/community. With the above positioning, we suggested that ethno-pragmatics be the device for intercultural communication intelligence (ICQ). In this work we employed a cultural script quest in order to capture/understand the tapestry of Malay culture. Bahasa (“language”) is one of the main Malay cultural keywords. The Malays relate bahasa to various norms and beliefs that encompass their life-world. Bahasa is molecularly related to their emotions, sense-making and aesthetics. As an illustration, we provide ICQ-at-work with halus as a technique of utilizing bahasa for successful speech-acts. Specifically, we narrate on Malay “indirectness” as a way of having conversation with the culturally Other.
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(2011): Executive function mechanisms of theory of mind. In: JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 41 (5), S. 667-678. DOI: 10.1007/s10803-010-1087-7
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20811770 Abstract: This study examined the relationship between Executive Function (EF) and Theory of Mind (ToM) using the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) and three tests of ToM (Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RMET), Strange Stories test, and Faux Pas test). Separate regression analyses were conducted, and EF predictors varied by ToM test. No EF domains accounted for significant variance in RMET scores; only estimated IQ scores were significant predictors of RMET performance. Verbal fluency and deductive reasoning were significant predictors of performance on the Strange Stories test, while verbal fluency, problem solving, and gender accounted for a significant variance in the Faux Pas test. Results suggest that the ToM tests each utilized differing cognitive mechanisms.
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(2011): Personality and Social Psychology Factors Explaining Sexism. In: Journal of Individual Differences 32 (3), S. 153-160. DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000043
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000043 Abstract: Previous research has almost exclusively examined sexism (negative attitudes toward women) from either a personality or a social-psychology perspective. In two studies (N = 379 and 182, respectively), we combine these perspectives and examine whether sexism is best explained by personality (Big-Five factors, social dominance orientation, and right-wing authoritarianism) or by socialpsychological (group membership and group identification) variables – or by a combination of both approaches. Causal modeling and multiple regression analyses showed that, with the present set of variables, sexism was best explained by considering the combined influence of both personality- and social-psychology constructs. The findings imply that it is necessary to integrate various approaches to explain prejudice. zitiert von 18
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(2011) : As Human-Computer Interactions Go Global In: Hayes, Caroline C.; Miller, Christopher Allan (Hg.): Human-computer etiquette: Cultural expectations and the design implications they place on computers and technology: Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, S. 15-34
Abstract: We have become accustomed to interacting with computers. ey give us daily weather forecasts and help us keep in touch with friends and family globally. ey deliver references, digital articles, and newspapers and allow virtual teams to work together from opposite sides of the globe. Computers even provide embodied agents to guide us through di¸cult procedures or teach us to speak Japanese. ey allow us to shop for products in distant countries and have ready access to cash on city streets almost everywhere. Humancomputer interactions are a part of our lives, mediating communication, providing instruction and support, and serving as gateways for business transactions.
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(2011): On not calling people by their names. Pragmatic undertones of sociocultural relationships in a postcolony. In: Journal of Pragmatics 43 (6), S. 1472-1483. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2010.10.013
Abstract: This paper discusses name-avoidance by Cameroonians, and some of the socio-pragmatic impacts it creates. Focus is on five items that are often used in place of personal names-manyi (mother of twins), tanyi (father of twins), moyo (in-law, especially male), mbanya (co-wife in a polygamous marriage), and mbombo (namesake). The paper identifies some of the contexts in, and the purposes for, which these terms are used. Cameroon, like many other postcolonial contexts, is acutely different from certain English-based Western cultures in which using someone's personal name may be part of a positive politeness strategy and not disrespect or impoliteness as it is the case in the Cameroonian and some other African cultures. To call certain people by their personal names in these cultures is not only disrespectful but also a sign that they have no honor to merit the respect that goes with not calling their names. The terms studied here are also often used strategically on people who are not, for instance, mothers/fathers of twins or who may just well be strangers or first time acquaintances.
Keywords: time -
(2011): Beyond the Carrot and Stick Approach to Enforcement: An Agent-Based Model. In: European Conference on Cognitive Science
Abstract: As specified by Axelrod in his seminal work An Evolutionary Approach to Norms (Axelrod, 1986), punishment is a key mechanism to achieve the necessary social control and to enforce social norms in a self-regulated society. In this paper, we distinguish between two enforcing mechanisms, punishment and sanction, focusing on the specific ways in which they favour the emergence and maintenance of cooperation. In particular, by punishment we refer to a practice that works only by imposing a cost, while by sanction we indicate a practice that also signals the existence of a norm and that its violation is not condoned. To achieve this, we have developed a normative agent able both to punish and sanction offenders and to be affected by these enforcing mechanisms itself.The results obtained through agent-based simulation show that sanction is more effective and makes the population more resilient to sudden changes than mere punishment.
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(2011): From dating to mating and relating: Predictors of initial and long-term outcomes of speed-dating in a community sample. In: European Journal of Personality 25 (1), S. 16-30. DOI: 10.1002/per.768
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(2011): Respect for personal autonomy, human dignity, and the problems of self-directedness and botched autonomy. In: The Journal of medicine and philosophy 36 (5), S. 496-515. DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhr035
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021657 Abstract: This paper explores the value of respect for personal autonomy in relation to clearly immoral and irrational acts committed freely and intentionally by competent people. Following Berlin's distinction between two kinds of liberty and Darwall's two kinds of respect, it is argued that coercive suppression of nonautonomous, irrational, and self-harming acts of competent persons is offensive to their human dignity, but not disrespectful of personal autonomy. Irrational and immoral choices made by competent people may claim only the negative liberty to be left alone. Lives disposed to autonomy are worthy of solidarity and active support in addition to the right of free choice and action. Autonomous premeditated desires (distinguished from mere consent) may embody transcendental choices, which transcend consideration of physical and psychological well-being. Choices made by incompetent persons (e.g., children and the mentally disabled) are not related to autonomy, but to self-directedness. The value of human dignity confers protection to self-directedness, but not at the expense of other vital interests.
Keywords: Bioethics, Decision Making, Humans, Morals, Personal Autonomy, Personhood, Philosophy, Medical -
Bauks, Michaela; Meyer, Martin F. (Hg.) (2011): Zur Kulturgeschichte der Scham. Hamburg: Meiner. Online verfügbar unter http://www.meiner.de
Abstract: Hauptbeschreibung: "Das Schamempfinden gehört zur menschlichen Grundausstattung. Es ist ein soziales Gefühl, das sich beim Gewahrwerden eines Defizits einstellt, an dem andere Anstoß nehmen könnten" (Dorothea Baudy, in: RGG). Die Autoren dieses Bandes untersuchen das Motiv der Scham aus der Perspektive ganz unterschiedlicher Fachdisziplinen (Literaturwissenschaft, Philosophie, Theologie, Geschichte, Soziologie) und grenzen Scham gegen andere kulturgeschichtliche Begriffe wie Schuld, Erniedrigung, Schande oder Tabu ab. Ist Schamempfinden gleichzusetzen mit zivilisatorischem Fortschritt (N. Elias) kein Text verfügbar
Keywords: Anthropologie, History, Kultur, Scham, Shame, Shame / Social aspects / History, Social aspects -
(2011): Understanding Historical (Im)Politeness. In: Journal of Historical Pragmatics 12 (1-2), S. 255-282. DOI: 10.1075/jhp.12.1-2.11bax
Abstract: This paper is intended as an overall template of the evolution of (im)politeness. It elucidates how (linguistic) rapport management originated and developed over time, and tries to come to grips with (some of) the sociocultural factors behind such changes. Taking its point of departure in human prehistory (Section 1), the paper argues that, contrary to received wisdom, politeness and impoliteness are not two sides of the same coin (Section 2), and it discusses the dissimilar evolutionary antecedents of politeness and impoliteness (Sections 3 and 4). The paper then maps out three broad-scale diachronic trends regarding the conveyance of interpersonal distance, ipso facto the marking out of socio-proxemic interactional space; namely, (a) from performative to verbal, (b) from self-display to other-concern and (c) from collectivity-oriented to individual-oriented (Section 5).
Keywords: collectivity-oriented vs. individual-oriented politeness, Disziplin, Favoriten, Genese, Geschichte, Good manners, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, (Im)Politeness Research, Impoliteness, Linguistik, performative vs. verbal politeness, Politeness and impoliteness as fundamentally diferrent principles, Politeness as expression of concern, Proxemik, socio-proxemic, Soziale Angemessenheit, Überblick -
Bearman, Peter; Hedström, Peter (Hg.) (2011): The Oxford Handbook of Analytical Sociology. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199215362.001.0001 Abstract: This book explores analytical sociology as an approach for explaining important social facts such as network structures, patterns of residential segregation, typical beliefs, and cultural tastes. It brings together some of the most prominent analytical sociologists in Europe and the United States in an effort to clarify the distinctive features of the approach and to further its development. The volume is organized into four parts. Part I describes the foundations of analytical sociology while Part II discusses the role of action and interaction in explaining diverse social processes such as emotions and beliefs. Part III looks at the macroscopic social dynamics brought on by the activation of the cog-and-wheel mechanisms, tackling topics ranging from segregation dynamics to divorce and social influence. Part IV concludes the book by asking how analytic sociology relates to other fields and approaches such as game theory, analytic ethnography, and historical sociology.
Keywords: Youssef, Ramy -
(2011): Die Kulturspezifitat der Moral als Quelle interkultureller Konflikte - Zur ethischen Theorie und sozialen Praxis ihrer Losung. Vortrag (Schriftfassung) gehalten am 15.10.2011 beim Schulleitungssymposium "Kultur der Schule - Schule der Kulturen, Universitat Bamberg, Lehrstuhl fur Wirtschaftspadagogik
Abstract: Der Vortrag besteht aus drei Teilen. Im ersten Teil geht es um definitorisch-klarende Darlegungen zu den Begriffen "Moral" und "Kultur" und zu deren Zusammenhang, wobei insbesondere Universalmoral und Partikularmoral behandelt werden. Im zweiten Teil wird die philosophische Grundlagendebatte abgehandelt zwischen moralischem Partikularismus (Unterformen: empirischer Partikularismus, normativer Partikularismus, Kommutarismus oder fundamentaler Partikularismus) versus moralischer Universalismus (Unterformen: materialer Universalismus, formaler bzw. prozeduraler Universalismus). Im dritten Teil wird auf das Konfliktlosungspotential partikularistischer und universalistischer Ethiken am Beispiel "Schulkultur" eingegangen, und in einer tabellarischen Ubersicht werden hierzu "Arten moralischer Konflikte" und darauf bezogene "Angemessene Ethikpositionen" und "Typische Bearbeitungsverfahren" vorgestellt.
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(2011): Seeing the unseen: Attention to daily encounters with sexism as way to reduce sexist beliefs. In: Psychology of Women Quarterly (35), S. 227-242. Online verfügbar unter http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291471-6402
Abstract: Three experiments were conducted in the United States and Germany to test whether women and men endorse sexist beliefs because they are unaware of the prevalence of different types of sexism in their personal lives. Study 1 (N = 120) and Study 2 (N = 83) used daily diaries as a method to encourage individuals "to see the unseen." Results revealed that encouraging women to pay attention to sexism, in comparison to attention to other social interactions, led to a stronger rejection of Modern Sexist, Neosexist, and Benevolent Sexist beliefs (Studies 1 and 2) and to negative evaluations of Modern and Benevolent Sexist men described in profiles as well as to more engagement in collective action on behalf of women (Study 2). In contrast, for men, paying attention to sexism did not have these effects. Results from Study 2 suggest, and from Study 3 (N = 141) confirm, that men's endorsement of Modern and Neosexist beliefs can be reduced if attention to sexism and emotional empathy for the target of discrimination is encouraged. Finally, a follow-up survey indicated that the attitude change in women and men was stable over time. The implications of these findings for interventions to reduce women's versus men's endorsement of sexist beliefs are discussed. zitiert von 111
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(2011): Robots without faces: Non-verbal social human-robot interaction. ProQuest Information & Learning.
Abstract: Non-facial and non-verbal methods of affective expression are essential for naturalistic social interaction in robots that are designed to be functional and lack expressive faces (appearance-constrained) such as those used in search and rescue, law enforcement, and military applications. This research identifies five main methods of non-facial and non-verbal affective expression (body movement, posture, orientation, color, and sound). From the psychology, computer science, and robotics literature a set of prescriptive recommendations was distilled for the appropriate nonfacial and non-verbal affective expression methods for each of three proximity zones of interest (intimate: contact–0.46 m, personal: 0.46–1.22 m, and social: 1.22–3.66 m). These recommendations serve as design guidelines for adding retroactively affective expression through software with minimal or no physical modifications to a robot or designing a new robot. This benefits both the human-robot interaction (HRI) and robotics communities. A large-scale, complex human-robot study was conducted to verify these design guidelines using 128 participants, and four methods of evaluation (self-assessments, psychophysiological measures, behavioral observations, and structured interviews) for convergent validity. The study was conducted in a high-fidelity, confined-space simulated disaster site with all robot interactions performed in the dark. This research investigated whether the use of non-facial and non-verbal affective expression provided a mechanism for naturalistic social interaction between a functional, appearance-constrained robot and the human with which it interacted. As part of this research study, the valence and arousal dimensions of the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) were validated for use as an assessment tool for future HRI human-robot studies. Also presented is a set of practical recommendations for designing, planning, and executing a successful, large-scale complex human-robot study using appropriate sample sizes and multiple methods of evaluation for validity and reliability in HRI studies. As evidenced by the results, humans were calmer with robots that exhibited non-facial and non-verbal affective expressions for social human-robot interactions in urban search and rescue applications. The results also indicated that humans calibrated their responses to robots based on their first robot encounter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2011) : Etiquette In Motivational Agents: Engaging Users And Developing Relationships In: Hayes, Caroline C.; Miller, Christopher Allan (Hg.): Human-computer etiquette: Cultural expectations and the design implications they place on computers and technology: Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, S. 205-230
Abstract: Micro-analysis of face-to-face interaction among humans can tell us a great deal about how to design etiquette into our human-machine interfaces in order to make them more intuitive, robust, and easy to use. Human protocols for conversational turn-taking, indicating understanding, marking emphasis, and displaying presumed relationship status, are but a few of the myriad verbal and nonverbal cues that can be observed in face-to-face interaction and incorporated into our systems. However, one of the most interesting-and challenging aspects of human interaction for both analysis and emulation is that the “rules of engagement”—that is, etiquette-expectations change frequently and ªuidly during a single encounter. A person must know if their interlocutor is engaging in serious talk, social chat, play, storytelling, or joke-telling to know how to interpret their behavior and to respond appropriately. In addition, these rules can also slowly evolve as a pair of interlocutors develops a relationship over time. is chapter will discuss these phenomena in human social interactions and their rami¤cations for developing human-like machine interfaces such as the animated health counselor shown in Figure 9.1. is work focuses on a particular type of application as a motivating example-the use of computerized animated counselors for long-term health behavior change interventions-and why at least some of the interaction styles that are e¢ective in this domain comprise rules of etiquette that would not be considered “nice” by Emily Post.
Keywords: Agent, Antworten im Rahmen einer Konversation, Art der Beziehung zum Interaktionspartner, Betonung, doppelter Treffer, Ernsthaftigkeit einer Situation, Erzählweise, Etikette, Etiquette as rules of expectation, Favoriten, Für spezifische Situationen festgelegte Verhaltensregeln, humor, Konversationskonventionen als Etikette-Erwartungen, Korrespondenz, Mensch oder Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Interaktion, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Mensch-Technische Systeme, Modelle, narrative, Plauderei, Prosody, Realtechnik, Signalisieren von Verstehen, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Sozial Intelligente Agenten, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Distanz, Soziale Robotik, Soziosensitive Systeme, Spiel, Sprachgebrauch, Sprechmelodie, Technik, Theorien, Turn-taking innerhalb der Konsersation, User, Volltreffer, Witze -
(2011): Do We Know When Our Impressions of Others Are Valid?. Evidence for Realistic Accuracy Awareness in First Impressions of Personality. In: Social Psychological and Personality Science 2 (5), S. 452-459. DOI: 10.1177/1948550610397211
Abstract: Do people have insight into the validity of their first impressions or accuracy awareness? Across two large interactive round-robins, those who reported having formed a more accurate impression of a specific target had (a) a more distinctive realistically accurate impression, accurately perceiving the target's unique personality characteristics as described by the target's self-, parent-, and peer-reports, and (b) a more normatively accurate impression, perceiving the target to be similar to what people generally tend to be like. Specifically, if a perceiver reported forming a more valid impression of a specific target, he or she had in fact formed a more realistically accurate impression of that target for all but the highest impression validity levels. In contrast, people who generally reported more valid impressions were not actually more accurate in general. In sum, people are aware of when and for whom their first impressions are more realistically accurate.
Keywords: hierarchy, Selbstwahrnehmung, "Erster Eindruck" -
Billard, Aude (2011): Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Human-robot interaction. the 6th international conference. Lausanne, Switzerland, 3/6/2011 - 3/9/2011. ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence; ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction. New York, NY: ACM
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(2011) : The origin of fairness. In: Voorhoeve, Alex: Conversations on ethics.: Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, S. 136-154
Abstract: Ken Binmore, a leading contributor to the evolutionary theory of strategic interaction, outlines the ways in which our sense of fairness helps us coordinate with others in mutually advantageous ways by suggesting how to divide the benefits of coordinated action. He also argues that generally this is all that our sense of fairness can motivate us to do; with limited exceptions, it moves us to act only in ways that are in our interests. (For example, under normal circumstances, it won't prompt us to direct aid or resources towards someone in need when it is not in our interest to do so.) Fairness, he concludes, should be stripped of its veneer of nobility.
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(2011): Von Natur aus anders. Die Psychologie der Geschlechtsunterschiede. 4., überarb. und erw. Aufl.. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer
Abstract: Analysiert wird die aktuelle Befundlage zur Frage der Geschlechtsunterschiede aus einer Synopse kulturwissenschaftlicher, entwicklungspsychologischer und evolutionsbiologischer Perspektiven. Für die 4. Auflage wurde das Buch neu überarbeitet. - Inhalt: (1) Natur und Kultur [Die Macht der Stereotypen; der Wunsch nach Veränderung; die missverstandene Biologie]. (2) Theorien und ihre Beweiskraft [Freud und die Folgen; Dressur und Nachahmung; Kohlbergs Alternative; Stereotypen und Geschlechtsrollenverhalten; Präferenzen]. (3) Biologische Begründungen und ihre Evidenz [Die Evolution der Geschlechtsunterschiede; weibliche Strategien; geschlechtstypische Verhaltensdispositionen beim Menschen; Geschlechtsrollen im Kulturvergleich; Frauen im Kibbuz; die Entstehung von Mann und Frau; Geschlechtsidentität und sexuelle Orientierung; Pubertätsentwicklung]. (4) Interaktion biologischer und soziokultureller Faktoren [Männer und Frauen denken anders; Mathematik, eine Domäne der Männer?; Versuche zur Angleichung; Selbstvertrauen; Geborgenheit und Neugier; Macht und Geltung; Konkurrenz zwischen den Geschlechtern; Fürsorge und Verantwortlichkeit; moralisches Bewusstsein]. (5) Natur und Gesellschaft (6) Wie soll es weitergehen? zitiert von 160
Keywords: Behavioral Genetics, Biologie, Culture (Anthropological), Entwicklungspsychologie, Gender, Gender Identity, Geschlechterforschung, human development, Human Females, Human Males, Human Sex Differences, Nature Nurture, Sex Linked Developmental Differences, Sex Recognition, Sex role, Sex Role Attitudes, Sociocultural Factors, Theory of Evolution -
(2011) : Etiquette In Distributed Game-Based Training: Communication, Trust, Cohesion In: Hayes, Caroline C.; Miller, Christopher Allan (Hg.): Human-computer etiquette: Cultural expectations and the design implications they place on computers and technology: Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, S. 181-204
Abstract: In this chapter we will explore the use of etiquette in training systems derived from commercial video games. e system that will be used as an example is a training and debrie¤ng tool that allows distributed participants to train together in a virtual game environment, and to conduct After Action Review (AAR) sessions in that same environment. In AAR sessions, participants discuss the events that unfolded during training, and how to improve performance in the future. However, we will ¤rst present a concise history of humancomputer etiquette, followed by a description of the unique etiquette requirements that game systems demand. We will then describe how game systems can be used for team training in complex tasks, and the etiquette requirements that must drive that application. An important consideration we address along the way is the analogy between human-computer and human-human etiquette.
Keywords: Analogy btwn human-computer and human-human etiquette, Computers, doppelter Treffer, Etikette, Game-based, Human-Computer Etiquette, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Interaktionspartner, Mensch oder Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Mensch-Technische Systeme, Realtechnik, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Soziale Angemessenheit, Spiel, Technik -
(2011): Postural control in bipolar disorder. Increased sway area and decreased dynamical complexity. In: PLoS one 6 (5). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019824
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21611126 Abstract: Structural, neurochemical, and functional abnormalities have been identified in the brains of individuals with bipolar disorder, including in key brain structures implicated in postural control, i.e. the cerebellum, brainstem, and basal ganglia. Given these findings, we tested the hypothesis that postural control deficits are present in individuals with bipolar disorder. Sixteen participants with bipolar disorder (BD) and 16 age-matched non-psychiatric healthy controls were asked to stand as still as possible on a force platform for 2 minutes under 4 conditions: (1) eyes open-open base; (2) eyes closed-open base; (3) eyes open-closed base; and (4) eyes closed-closed base. Postural sway data were submitted to conventional quantitative analyses of the magnitude of sway area using the center of pressure measurement. In addition, data were submitted to detrended fluctuation analysis, a nonlinear dynamical systems analytic technique that measures complexity of a time-series, on both the anterior-posterior and medio-lateral directions. The bipolar disorder group had increased sway area, indicative of reduced postural control. Decreased complexity in the medio-lateral direction was also observed for the bipolar disorder group, suggesting both a reduction in dynamic range available to them for postural control, and that their postural corrections were primarily dominated by longer time-scales. On both of these measures, significant interactions between diagnostic group and visual condition were also observed, suggesting that the BD participants were impaired in their ability to make corrections to their sway pattern when no visual information was available. Greater sway magnitude and reduced complexity suggest that individuals with bipolar disorder have deficits in sensorimotor integration and a reduced range of timescales available on which to make postural corrections.
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(2011): On the Organization of Repair in Multiperson Conversation. The Case of “Other”-Selection in Other-Initiated Repair Sequences. In: Research on Language & Social Interaction 44 (3), S. 237-262. DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2011.591835
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(2011): Dissociable brain mechanisms for processing social exclusion and rule violation. In: NEUROIMAGE 54 (3), S. 2462-2471. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.049
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20974272 Abstract: Social exclusion inherently involves an element of expectancy violation, in that we expect other people to follow the unwritten rule to include us in social interactions. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we employed a unique modification of an interactive virtual ball-tossing game called "Cyberball" (Williams et al., 2000) and a novel paradigm called "Cybershape," in which rules are broken in the absence of social exclusion, to dissociate brain regions that process social exclusion from rule violations more generally. Our Cyberball game employed an alternating block design and removed evoked responses to events when the participant was throwing the ball in inclusion to make this condition comparable to exclusion, where participants did not throw. With these modifications, we replicated prior findings of ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), insula, and posterior cingulate cortex activity evoked by social exclusion relative to inclusion. We also identified exclusion-evoked activity in the hippocampi, left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and left middle temporal gyrus. Comparing social exclusion and rule violation revealed a functional dissociation in the active neural systems as well as differential functional connectivity with vACC. Some overlap was observed in regions differentially modulated by social exclusion and rule violation, including the vACC and lateral parietal cortex. These overlapping brain regions showed different activation during social exclusion compared to rule violation, each relative to fair play. Comparing activation patterns to social exclusion and rule violation allowed for the dissociation of brain regions involved in the experience of exclusion versus expectancy violation. zitiert von 96
Keywords: Brain/physiology, Cerebral Cortex/physiology, Computer Graphics, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Games, Experimental, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Interpersonal Relations, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net/physiology, Neural Pathways/physiology, Neurowissenschaften, Psychophysics, Rejection (Psychology), rules, science direct, Social Environment, Social Perception, Young Adult