Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): Reciprocation under status ambiguity. How dominance motives and spread of status value shape gift exchange. In: Social Networks 48, S. 142-156. DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2016.08.004
Abstract: How does status ambiguity affect reciprocation in gift exchange? We argue that actors in an exchange relationship delay reciprocation as a means of subtly claiming dominance when relative status is ambiguous. Using a two-step link-tracing sample of gift exchange dyads from an online social network site in the early days of social media, we analyze the probability of two-way exchange dyads and the timing of reciprocation while accounting for the nested and autocorrelated data structure. The results support the predicted inverted-U shape relationship between the hazard of reciprocation and status difference. This pattern is strongest when actors lack common foci of interaction from which relative status could be gauged accurately. In addition, a higher status individual tends to delay reciprocation longer than a lower-status individual, a finding consistent with the status competition explanation.
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(2017): Cooperation Via Intimidation. An Emergent System of Mutual Threats can Maintain Social Order. In: Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 20 (4). DOI: 10.18564/jasss.3336
Abstract: Can human aggressiveness promote peaceful cooperation? Despite the seeming contradiction of these phenomena, our study suggests the answer is yes. We develop two agent-based models of cooperative interactions among aggressive agents threatening each other. In Model 1, we show that aggressive displays performed by dominance-seeking individuals create a system of mutual threats that effectively enforces cooperation and inhibits agents from escalating conflicts. This happens because agents observe each other fighting, which deters them from attacking each other due to aggressive reputations. In Model 2 we extend this effect to third-party interventions showing that forming alliances makes attacks more efficient and promotes the emergence of common rules determining whom to fight against. In such a state, social order is maintained by the existence of moral alliances - groups of agents willing to fight against norm violators. In summary, we argue that reputation for toughness and the aggressive predisposition of humans could have played an important role in the evolution of cooperation and moral systems.
2016
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(2016): `Space - The Final Frontier'. In: Sociology 33 (3), S. 535-553. DOI: 10.1177/S0038038599000346
Abstract: For too long the built working environment has been excluded from the analysis of work organisations. Buildings, like other cultural artefacts, encapsulate social and economic priorities and values, and represent prevailing power structures. Work buildings, such as offices and factories, both make possible the organisation of the labour process and also serve as structures of non-verbal communication, providing cues on hierarchy, status and appropriate behaviour. Control over the working environment can be seen as a constituent part of the control of the labour process, displaying similar cyclical movements. Human resource management and information technology are currently combining to encourage a reappraisal of the working environment, but one that is not without its own contradictions.
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(2016): Status, Sex, and Smiling. In: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 16 (3), S. 531-540. DOI: 10.1177/0146167290163011
Abstract: Based on previous work showing that sex is a "diffuse status cue" (Berger, Rosenholtz, & Zelditch, 1980), the hypothesis that women smile more than men because of status differences between the sexes was evaluated Status was manipulated by assigning men and women to the roles of interviewer (high power) or applicant (low power) in simulated job interviews with either male or female partners. As predicted, overall, applicants smiled more than interviewers, demonstrating that smiling does reflect status. However, the sex composition of the pairs also influenced smiling frequency. Male interviewers smiled significantly less than their applicant partners, whereas female interviewers did not. The results suggest that, compared with females, males may more readily experience power and dominance as concomitants of high-status roles, which may then be reflected in the frequency of their smiling.
2014
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(2014): The expression of inequality in interaction. Power, dominance, and status. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company (Pragmatics & beyond)
Abstract: In keeping with the profile of Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, this volume presents and discusses issues that are central to aspects of social inequality, power, dominance and status as expressed in discourse in its broadest sense. The volume aggregates research efforts of the past years, and it constitutes a point of departure for future studies. The contributions challenge the widespread assumption that concepts such as inequality, power, dominance and status are predetermined in discourse; the volume, including contributions by international scholars from various disciplines such as linguistics, sociology and social psychology rather emphasizes the co-constructedness of these concepts in ordinary discourse and thus advances the potential for insights into how aspects of inequality, power, dominance and status are both made and understood. This volume has been designed to promote recent research on a classic topic, relating discursive, cognitive and social dimensions of inequality in most of the social sciences and the humanities. The volume aims at an international readership, making this book of interest to both researchers and advanced students in linguistic pragmatics, usage-based linguistics, ethnography of speaking, sociology and social psychology.
2011
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(2011): Emotional Reflexivity in Contemporary Friendships. Understanding it Using Elias and Facebook Etiquette. In: Sociological Research Online 16 (1), S. 1-12. DOI: 10.5153/sro.2292
Abstract: The popular social networking site Facebook has become a part of millions of people's everyday lives. In order to help people navigate the friendships they form and maintain on Facebook there are many websites offering advice about etiquette. This advice, and responses to it, can help reveal how contemporary emotional expression is organised, especially as it relates to friendship. This paper critically adapts the approach of other sociologists such as Norbert Elias, and Cas Wouters who have used etiquette and advice books to explore social changes in emotionality. Using online advice about Facebook etiquette, it is argued that there is uncertainty about the degree of emotional closeness appropriate for friendships in contemporary life, especially where there are status differences. It is difficult to know how to feel and how to behave within the relational complexity of contemporary life. In particular, expanded definitions of friendship form part of this complexity which promotes and requires an 'emotionalisation of reflexivity'.
Keywords: book on etiquette, Disziplin, Elias, Etikette, Etikette als Herrschaftssicherung, Facebook, Favoriten, Freundschaft, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Modelle/Theorien, Ratgeber, Reputation, Ruf, Status, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sozialer Wandel der Emotionalität, Soziologie, Spannungsfeld von Freundschaft und Statusunterschieden, Technik 2010
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(2010): Visual Dominance and Visual Egalitarianism. Individual and Group-Level Influences of Sex and Status in Group Interactions. In: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 34 (3), S. 137-153. DOI: 10.1007/s10919-010-0088-8
Abstract: This study investigated visual dominance and visual egalitarianism of men and women (N = 94; 17 teams) in team meetings at diverse workplaces. Two novel gaze-related measures were developed: (a) a group visual dominance ratio (group-VDR) assessing each member's visual dominance vis-A -vis all other members, and (b) a gaze distribution index (GDI) assessing each member's visual egalitarianism to all group members. Multilevel analyses were conducted to account for influences of the team members' sex and status on the individual level and for influences of sex and status composition of the teams, and the team leaders' sex on the group level. Results suggested that high-status individuals displayed more visual dominance than low-status individuals. The significant interaction of individuals' sex and status indicated that the positive relationship of status and visual dominance applied particularly to women. The more women in a team, the more visual dominance was displayed. The team leader's sex significantly influenced visual egalitarianism: Gaze distribution was less egalitarian when the team leader was male.
2008
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(2008): Does familiarity breed contempt?. In: Public Relations Review 34 (4), S. 392-395. DOI: 10.1016/j.pubrev.2008.09.014
Abstract: The effects of familiarity have received little attention in the areas of public relations. This study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to predict the influence of familiarity on corporate equity, which is measured by willingness to invest in a corporation or purchase its products or services using several mediating variables such as citizenship, reputation, and personality. The Roper Corporate Reputation Scorecard was used to study these variables using an online panel survey from NOP World of 1500 participants. Results found familiarity does have a positive relationship in each industry regarding citizenship, reputation, and personality. In addition, the latter three variables had a significant positive effect on corporate equity.
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