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2016
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(2016) : Social Learning and Behavior Transmission☆ In: Stein, John: Reference module in neuroscience and biobehavioral psychology: Place of publication not identified: Elsevier
Abstract: One way of acquiring behavior is by genetic transmission, but this method is not always the most advantageous one. Social learning allows individuals to acquire new information and adapt to environmental changes. The most common behaviors that are learned socially involve food acquisition, subsistence activities, mate-choice, and predator avoidance, all of which have direct survival benefits; whereas other behaviors such as body care, communication signals, and tool-use techniques have less direct benefits and, in some cases, no apparent benefit at all. Cultural variants between populations reflect these socially transmitted behaviors, and differences between how each species learns socially reflect the many ways in which individuals learn from one another. These differences are found in the types of mechanisms involved in social learning, and have been the focus of much of the research on social learning and behavior transmission in animals.
2014
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(2014): Call playback artificially generates a temporary cultural style of high affiliation in marmosets. In: Animal Behaviour 93, S. 163-171. DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.04.027
Abstract: Cultural variation can be conceptualized in two main ways: as culture-specific qualitative differences in behavioural form, and also as quantitative variation in performance of constellations of universal behaviours (cultural style). Despite observation of both types in wild nonhuman primates, diffusion of qualitative culture has been scrutinized extensively experimentally while within-species transmission of cultural style has remained entirely unexplored. Here we investigated whether a cultural style of high affiliation could be artificially generated in a nonhuman primate (Callithrix jacchus), by daily playback of conspecific affiliative calls simulating nearby amicable individuals. We found that vocalization playback influenced monkeys to spend more time in affiliative behaviours outside playback hours, relative to silent playback. The effect was specific to affiliation, with no impact on other categories of affect. This change did not persist into the final phase of observation after all playbacks were complete. Findings are consistent with a temporary shift in cultural style effected through vocalization playback, supporting existence of this conception of culture in wild primates and indicating auditory social contagion as a potential diffusion mechanism. The method presented here will allow researchers to test hypotheses concerning cultural transmission of cultural style, and the underlying processes, across a range of contexts and species.
Keywords: BEHAVIOR, behaviour, Biologie, Callithrix jacchus, CALLITHRIX-JACCHUS, CAPUCHIN MONKEYS, CHIMPANZEES, COMMON MARMOSETS, Culture, culture specific, enrichment, Evolution, FOOD, Geräusch/Klang, nonhuman primate, SOCIAL DIFFUSION, social influence, Status / biologische Marker, traditions, transmission 2012
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(2012): Global business etiquette. A guide to international communication and customs. 2. ed.. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger. Online verfügbar unter http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=439896
Abstract: Tales of the 'Ugly American' abroad are all too familiar. In business, making a cultural faux pas when in a foreign setting isn't just embarrassing; it can have a very high cost in terms of a botched deal and lost profit. Something as simple and subtle as a head movement or casual gesture can have enormous consequence. Businesspeople who work internationally or work with people who are international need to know how to act before they can get the business—and keep it. Proper business communication includes everything from emails to eye contact, and the rules of what is 'right' in other countries can be daunting to navigate. Global Business Etiquette: A Guide to International Communication and Customs, Second Edition provides critical information that businesspeople—both men and women—need to understand the dynamics of cross-cultural communication, avoid embarrassing and costly gaffes, and succeed in business outside of the United States. Topics covered in this indispensable resource include conversation topics that are considered appropriate for different situations; how to make a positive good impression; dress and travel; attitudes toward religion, education, status, and social class; and cultural variations in public behavior. International readers will appreciate information about the United States provided at the end of the ten chapters regarding the countries that do the most business with Americans. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 66
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