Alle Publikationen
2017
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(2017) : Fourth Industrial Revolution and the future of Engineering: Could Robots Replace Human Jobs? How Ethical Recommendations can Help Engineers Rule on Artificial Intelligence: 2017 7th World Engineering Education Forum (WEEF): Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: IEEE, S. 21-26
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/WEEF.2017.8466973 Abstract: The current economic crisis, combined with the sudden increased use of Information Technology (IT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in human life presents new challenges and opportunities for engineering education and jobs. Engineering education needs to undergo a revolution; ethical issues that involve AI and the use of technologies need to be inserted in the learning process urgently to guarantee the employment of our future engineers. In this work we identified and evaluated issues and candidate recommendations from initiatives like “The IEEE Global Initiative for Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems” and “USA NSTC’s Subcommittee on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence” in order to provide a set of ethical principles and recommendations that are conversant with Engineering ethics defined by “Engineering Criteria 2000”. Some of these ethical principles and recommendations are highlighted with the objective of introducing AI in engineering education and improve the connections between technology and society.
Keywords: AI, Artificial intelligence, candidate recommendations, Companies, control engineering education, economic crisis, Engineering Criteria 2000, engineering education, Engineering ethics, ethical aspects, ethical considerations, ethical issues, ethical principles, ethical recommendations, fourth industrial revolution, human life, ieee xplore, Industries, Industry 4.0, Information technology, intelligent robots, Labor Market, Law, learning (artificial intelligence), Moral & Ethik, service robot -
(2017): That robot touch that means so much. On the psychological effects of human-robot touch. Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen. Online verfügbar unter http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:464-20170201-113456-7.
Abstract: Examined the physiological and psychological effects of human-robot touch. Four empirical studies were conducted that untangled the perception of human-robot touch referring to research on interpersonal touch, to test whether the media equation also applies to a fundamental interpersonal phenomenon such as touch. Therefore, the perception of different forms of human-robot touch with different robots in different interaction contexts were first considered by means of observation and evaluation of photographs. In addition, the underlying appraisal process that decides upon the final reaction to robot touch was theoretically and practically considered based on expectancy violations theory. In Studies 1-3 a total of 579 participants (aged 18-68 years) completed qualitative interviews (Study 1), questionnaires (Study 2), or an online experiment (Study 3). Studies 1 and 2 specifically examined the perception, interpretation, and evaluation as well as acceptance of HRT. Study 3 investigated the influence of context on the interpretation and evaluation of HRT. The questionnaires and surveys contained items from the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), Need for Interpersonal Touch Scale (NFIPT), Touch Avoidance Measure (TAM), Negative Attitudes towards Robots Scale (NARS), Inclusion of Other in the Self (IOS), Interpersonal Attraction Scale (IAS), and Attributional Confidence Scale (CL-7). In Study 4, actual touch initiated by a robot to 49 participants (aged 18-30 years) in a laboratory experiment were regarded and analyzed with respect to the impact of robot touch on participants' subjective evaluation, as well as on observable reactions as laughing, compliance and helping. Participants completed the SAM, NARS, NFIPT, Relational Communication Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Interpersonal Communication Satisfaction Inventory, Robot Anxiety Scale (RAS), and UCLA Loneliness Scale. In conclusion, influencing variables that determine the desirability of human-robot touch were revealed, namely characteristics of the robot (morphology and size), characteristics of the person (e.g., attitudes towards touch, attitudes towards robots, touch expectancies), the intimacy and direction of touch, i.e., who touches whom, and the meaning assigned to human-robot touch regarding relational interpretations of closeness and affection. Finally, positive emotional reactions to actual robot-initiated touch, and heightened compliance could be observed in Study 4.
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(24.01.2017): That Robot Touch that Means so Much: On the Psychological Effects of Human-Robot Touch. Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg.
Abstract: Examined the physiological and psychological effects of human-robot touch. Four empirical studies were conducted that untangled the perception of human-robot touch referring to research on interpersonal touch, to test whether the media equation also applies to a fundamental interpersonal phenomenon such as touch. Therefore, the perception of different forms of human-robot touch with different robots in different interaction contexts were first considered by means of observation and evaluation of photographs. In addition, the underlying appraisal process that decides upon the final reaction to robot touch was theoretically and practically considered based on expectancy violations theory. In Studies 1-3 a total of 579 participants (aged 18-68 years) completed qualitative interviews (Study 1), questionnaires (Study 2), or an online experiment (Study 3). Studies 1 and 2 specifically examined the perception, interpretation, and evaluation as well as acceptance of HRT. Study 3 investigated the influence of context on the interpretation and evaluation of HRT. The questionnaires and surveys contained items from the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), Need for Interpersonal Touch Scale (NFIPT), Touch Avoidance Measure (TAM), Negative Attitudes towards Robots Scale (NARS), Inclusion of Other in the Self (IOS), Interpersonal Attraction Scale (IAS), and Attributional Confidence Scale (CL-7). In Study 4, actual touch initiated by a robot to 49 participants (aged 18-30 years) in a laboratory experiment were regarded and analyzed with respect to the impact of robot touch on participants' subjective evaluation, as well as on observable reactions as laughing, compliance and helping. Participants completed the SAM, NARS, NFIPT, Relational Communication Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Interpersonal Communication Satisfaction Inventory, Robot Anxiety Scale (RAS), and UCLA Loneliness Scale. In conclusion, influencing variables that determine the desirability of human-robot touch were revealed, namely characteristics of the robot (morphology and size), characteristics of the person (e.g., attitudes towards touch, attitudes towards robots, touch expectancies), the intimacy and direction of touch, i.e., who touches whom, and the meaning assigned to human-robot touch regarding relational interpretations of closeness and affection. Finally, positive emotional reactions to actual robot-initiated touch, and heightened compliance could be observed in Study 4.
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(2017): Authorities' coercive and legitimate power. The impact on cognitions underlying cooperation. In: Frontiers in Psychology (Online Journal) 8
Abstract: The execution of coercive and legitimate power by an authority assures cooperation and prohibits free-riding. While coercive power can be comprised of severe punishment and strict monitoring, legitimate power covers expert and informative procedures. The perception of these powers wielded by authorities stimulates specific cognitions: trust, relational climates, and motives. With four experiments, the single and combined impact of coercive versus legitimate power on these processes and on intended cooperation of a total of 720 student participants, is investigated within two exemplary contexts (i.e., tax contributions, insurance claims). The results revealed that coercive power increases an antagonistic climate and enforced compliance, whereas legitimate power increases reason-based trust, a service climate, and voluntary cooperation. Unexpectedly, legitimate power additionally has a negative effect on an antagonistic climate, and a positive effect on enforced compliance. The findings lead to a modification of theoretical assumptions. However, exclusively reason-based trust, but not climate perceptions and motives, mediates the relationship between power and intended cooperation. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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(2017): Lokales Denken, globales Handeln. Interkulturelle Zusammenarbeit und globales Management. 6., vollständig überarbeitete und aktualisierte Auflage, Originalausgabe. München: C.H. Beck. Online verfügbar unter https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gbv/detail.action?docID=5150378
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(2017): Kant, Oppression, and the Possibility of Nonculpable Failures to Respect Oneself. In: The Southern Journal of Philosophy 55 (3), S. 285-305. DOI: 10.1111/sjp.12242
Abstract: I argue that Kant's ethical framework cannot countenance a certain kind of failure to respect oneself that can occur within oppressive social contexts. Kant's assumption that any person, qua rational being, has guaranteed epistemic access to the moral law as the standard of good action and the capacity to act upon this standard makes autonomy an achievement within the individual agent's power, but this is contrary to a feminist understanding of autonomy as a relational achievement that can be thwarted by the systematic attack on autonomy that occurs within oppressive social conditions. Insofar as Kant's negative duty of self-respect is unable to accommodate the ways immersion in oppressive social environments can warp an individual's understanding of what she is owed and capable of as a moral agent, it perpetuates the cruelty of unjust social systems in the guise of respecting individual autonomy. I conclude by considering Carol Hay's argument that those who are oppressed have an obligation to themselves to resist their own oppression, in order to explore how this limitation in how Kant conceives of the duty to respect the self may reach expression in contemporary ethical theory inspired by Kant.
Keywords: agency, Autonomie, Diskriminierung, Disziplin, Ethik, feminism, Feminismus, Gender, Handlungsmacht, Hay, Kant, Macht, Modelle/Theorien, Moral, moral agents, moralische Gesetze, moralisches Wissen, Moralphilosophie, oppressive social systems, Philosophie, Respekt, social systems, ethics, Three main normative ethic perspectives Kant, Utilitarismus virtue ethics, Unterdrückungssysteme -
(2017): Motivated cognition in relationships - the pursuit of belonging. Abingdon, United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis Ltd (Essays in social psychology)
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(2017): Competition and conflict between communicative norms. In: Journal of Argumentation in Context 6 (2), S. 220-246. DOI: 10.1075/jaic.6.2.05hop
Abstract: When engaging with each other, discussants navigate a complex set of communicative norms that aim at very different goals. Within argumentation theory naturally the most studied set of norms are those aiming at reasonableness, of which I take the pragma-dialectical rule set to be a representative example. They are however far from the only norms that guide communicative behavior. This paper offers an analysis of the areas of intersection and potential conflict of reasonableness (as understood by pragma-dialectics) with other communicative norms in general and rules of politeness (as presented by Geoffrey Leech) in particular.
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(2017): Interkulturelle Qualifizierung im Rahmen des Hochschulstudiums in Deutschland. Dissertation. Berlin: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Kultur-, Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaftliche Fakultät. Online verfügbar unter http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/dissertationen/hoessler-ulrich-2017-01-31/PDF/hoessler.pdf, zuletzt geprüft am 30.04.2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18452/17721 Abstract: Die vorliegende Arbeit verfolgt das Ziel, ein Modell interkultureller Qualifizierung im Rahmen des Hochschulstudiums in Deutschland zu generieren. Im theoretischen Teil wird der Qualifizie-rungsbegriff in Bezug zum Qualifizierungsziel interkulturelle Kompetenz und zum Anwen-dungskontext Hochschulstudium in Deutschland erörtert sowie das Thema innerhalb der Erzie-hungswissenschaften verortet. Auf die Themen interkulturelle Kompetenz und interkulturelles Lernen wird gesondert eingegangen. Darauf aufbauend werden im empirischen Tiel die zwei durchgeführten Studien beschrieben und abschließend die Ergebnisse interpretiert. Aus einer qualitativ-explorativen Interviewbefragung von 18 ehemaligen Teilnehmenden am Zusatzstudi-um Internationale Handlungskompetenz der Regensburger Hochschulen und einer quantitativ-explanativen Fragebogenstudie mit 129 damals aktuellen Teilnehmenden am Ende des Zusatz-studiums konnten relevante Eingangsbedingungen, Lernprozesse und Wirkungen sowie Kon-trollvariablen interkultureller Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen identifiziert werden. Die identifizierten Variablen werden zu den fünf Nutzungsprofilen interkultureller Qualifizierung 1) Sensibilisie-rung, 2) kognitive Anwendung, 3) Aktivierung, 4) aktionale Anwendung und 5) Potenzierung zusammengefasst. In einem Transfermodell werden die Nutzungsprofile schießlich in Bezug auf Wissenstransfer und Handlungstransfer verortet und in einem Input-Prozess-Output-Modell auf-steigend angeordnet. Das Ergebnis der Arbeit besteht somit in einem theoretisch fundierten und empirisch geprüften lern- und handlungstheoretischen Modell interkultureller Qualifizierung, das exemplarisch Bedingungen, Prozessverläufe und Wirkungen interkultureller Qualifizie-rungsmaßnahmen an deutschen Hochschulen beschreibt und dadurch Anwendungswissen für Konzeption, Implementation und Evaluation weiterer bestehender und geplanter interkultureller Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen bietet. This study aims at generating an input-process-output model of intercultural qualification in the context of academic education in Germany. The theoretical framework consists of defining in-tercultural qualification and localizing the topic within educational sciences. The topics intercul-tural competence and intercultural learning are discussed separately. There were two empirical studies: 1) 18 former participants of the Extracurricular Study Program for Intercultural Compe-tence at the Regensburg universities have been interviewed about the program’s learning pro-cesses and learning outcomes. Resulting data were analysed using qualitative methods, yielding a set of hypotheses on relations between preconditions, processes and outcomes of intercultural qualification. 2) At the end of the program, 129 participants completed a questionnaire con-structed on the results of the interview study producing quantitative data. Relevant input, pro-cess and output variables could be identified and were integrated into five user profiles: 1) sensi-tisation, 2) cognitive application, 3) activation, 4) behavioral application, and 5) potentialisation. These profiles were finally arranged in relation to knowledge transfer and behavioral transfer, thus yielding a transfer model of intercultural qualification, and were put in ascending order in an input-process-output model. This theoretically founded and empirically tested model de-scribes exemplarily preconditions, learning processes, learning outcomes, and control variables of intercultural qualification in the context of academic education in Germany. It can be used as a theoretical framework for further research or conceptualisation, implementation, and evalua-tion of intercultural qualification programs.
Keywords: AL 17900, Bildung, competence, Curriculum, didactic, Didaktik, educational sciences, Employability, erfahrungsorientiert, Erziehungswissenschaft, Evaluation, experiential, formal, formell, higher education, Hochschule, implicit, implizit, informal, informell, Intercultural, Intercultural communication, intercultural competence, interkulturell, Interkulturelle Kommunikation, Interkulturelle Kompetenz, internationalisation, Internationalisierung, key qualifikation, Kompetenz, Kompetenzerwerb, Learning, learning process, Lernen, Lernprozess, model, Modell, Pädagogik, pedagogic, qualification, Qualifizierung, Schlüsselqualifikation, Schul- und Bildungswesen, situated cognition, situiert, Unterricht, vergleichend -
(2017): An Evolutionary Transfer Reinforcement Learning Framework for Multiagent Systems. In: IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 21 (4), S. 601-615. DOI: 10.1109/TEVC.2017.2664665
Abstract: In this paper, we present an evolutionary transfer reinforcement learning framework (eTL) for developing intelligent agents capable of adapting to the dynamic environment of multiagent systems (MASs). Specifically, we take inspiration from Darwin's theory of natural selection and Universal Darwinism as the principal driving forces that govern the evolutionary knowledge transfer process. The essential backbone of our proposed eTL comprises several meme-inspired evolutionary mechanisms, namely meme representation, meme expression, meme assimilation, meme internal evolution, and meme external evolution. Our proposed approach constructs social selection mechanisms that are modeled after the principles of human learning to identify appropriate interacting partners. eTL also models the intrinsic parallelism of natural evolution and errors that are introduced due to the physiological limits of the agents' ability to perceive differences, so as to generate "growth" and "variation" of knowledge that agents have of the world, thus exhibiting higher adaptivity capabilities on solving complex problems. To verify the efficacy of the proposed paradigm, comprehensive investigations of the proposed eTL against existing state-of-the-art TL methods in MAS, are conducted on the "minefield navigation tasks" platform and the "Unreal Tournament 2004" first person shooter computer game, in which homogeneous and heterogeneous learning machines are considered.
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(2017) : Lernpsychologische Grundlagen In: Köhle, Karl; Herzog, Wolfgang; Joraschky, Peter; Kruse, Johannes (Hg.): Psychosomatische Medizin: Theoretische Modelle und klinische Praxis: 8. Auflage: Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, S. 107-121
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(2017): User interface based on natural interaction design for seniors. In: Computers in Human Behavior 75, S. 147-159. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.011 Abstract: With world population ageing, how to help seniors to adapt to technology life is an important issue. Technology is becoming life rather than resistance, because many of the technology applications are often accompanied by a lot of information to process. This makes the user interface to become an important bridge between human computer interactions. Especially the inconvenience caused by human ageing, these related issues from the cognitive and operational of products are derived. This study proposes a study of user interface design based on natural interaction to increase seniors’ usage intention. In the proposed contents, the Kinect sensor is used to retrieve seniors’ in-depth information in movements, thus the user interface of system can be operated by the gesture intuitively. In the framework of the system, in the first all, the morphology is applied to identify the features of a hand from depth values obtained from the sensor. Gesture is used to recognize operating behavior of users to implement the interactive action, and collision detection is applied to confirm effectiveness of operation. On the other hand, through interpretive structural model (ISM), each design element of interactive interface can be decomposed and realized, and the solution for target and direction of design problem is also proposed. At the meanwhile, the concept of affordance is conducted to the development of interface for graphic users that proposed in this study, and the design achievement contains operation and usability of intuition can further be acquired. Finally, based on the proposed methodology, an intuitive user interface of digital devices is constructed by Java programming language that allows for verifying the feasibility of user interface for seniors. Besides, the proposed method can be widely used to develop the user interface for various products. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Employee conscientiousness, agreeableness, and supervisor justice rule compliance. A three-study investigation. In: The Journal of applied psychology 102 (11), S. 1564-1589. DOI: 10.1037/apl0000248
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000248 Abstract: Researchers have paid limited attention to what makes organizational authority figures decide to treat their employees either justly or unjustly. Drawing from the actor-focused model of justice, as well as the stereotype content model, we argue that employee conscientiousness and agreeableness can impact the extent to which supervisors adhere to normative rules for distributive, procedural, informational, and interpersonal justice, as a result of supervisors' evaluations of their employees' effort and their liking of the employees. Supervisory compliance with justice rules may, in turn, impact the extent to which employees judge themselves to be treated either justly or unjustly. We tested these possibilities in 3 studies. In Study 1, we utilized a meta-analysis to demonstrate positive relationships between employees' conscientiousness, agreeableness, and their justice perceptions. In Study 2, we conducted 3 experiments to test the causal relationship between employee personality and supervisor intentions to comply with justice rules. In Study 3, we conducted an employee-supervisor dyadic field survey to examine the entire mediation model. Results are discussed in terms of the potential roles that both employees and supervisors may play in shaping employees' justice perceptions. (PsycINFO Database Record zitiert von 1
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(2017): Magnitude estimation is influenced by social power. In: Journal of Numerical Cognition 3 (2), S. 147-163. DOI: 10.5964/jnc.v3i2.52
Abstract: Examined whether social power affects estimation performance of spatial magnitudes (i.e., line estimation). Previous research has shown that social power affects basic cognitive processes and even influences the way individuals perceive their physical environment. In the present study, participants estimated the line length of a given number in an increase and a decrease condition, after (low versus high) social power had been manipulated between participants via role assignment. Results show that in the increase condition, low-power participants overestimated line lengths, whereas such a bias was not observed for high-power participants. In contrast, the power manipulation did not affect performance in the decrease condition, suggesting that proportion judgement strategies might have been applied here, thereby reducing the overall bias in line estimations. It is concluded that findings support the notion that social power has an impact on the perception of the physical environment and that perception can depend on personal as well as situational factors. Moreover, it is argued that the present research suggests that high (compared to low) social power may help people to overcome biases in overestimating magnitudes.
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(2017): In a moral dilemma, choose the one you love. Impartial actors are seen as less moral than partial ones. In: The British journal of social psychology 56 (3), S. 561-577. DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12199
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28474440 Abstract: Although impartiality and concern for the greater good are lauded by utilitarian philosophies, it was predicted that when values conflict, those who acted impartially rather than partially would be viewed as less moral. Across four studies, using life‐or‐death scenarios and more mundane ones, support for the idea that relationship obligations are important in moral attribution was found. In Studies 1–3, participants rated an impartial actor as less morally good and his or her action as less moral compared to a partial actor. Experimental and correlational evidence showed the effect was driven by inferences about an actor's capacity for empathy and compassion. In Study 4, the relationship obligation hypothesis was refined. The data suggested that violations of relationship obligations are perceived as moral as long as strong alternative justifications sanction them. Discussion centres on the importance of relationships in understanding moral attributions. (PsycINFO D atabase Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von: 3
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(2017): How Much to Trust Artificial Intelligence?. In: IT Professional 19 (4), S. 7-11. DOI: 10.1109/MITP.2017.3051326
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2017.3051326 Abstract: Considerable buzz surrounds artificial intelligence, and, indeed, AI is all around us. As with any software-based technology, it is also prone to vulnerabilities. Here, the author examines how we determine whether AI is sufficiently reliable to do its job and how much we should trust its outcomes.
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IEEE Life Sciences Conference; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; International IEEE Life Sciences Conference; Lsc (2017): 2017 IEEE Life Sciences Conference (LSC). 13-15 Dec. 2017. 2017 IEEE Life Sciences Conference (LSC). Sydney, Australia, 12/13/2017 - 12/15/2017. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE
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IEEE Ro-Man (2017): Human-robot collaboration and human assistance for an improved quality of life. IEEE RO-MAN 2017 : 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Ineractive Communication : August 28-September 1, 2017, Lisbon, Portugal. IEEE Ro-Man; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE Robotics and Automation Society; Nihon Robotto Gakkai; IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Ineractive Communication; Ro-Man. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE
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International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems; Chengŏ-Robot-Sisŭt'em-Hakhoe; Iccas (2017): ICCAS 2017. 2017 17th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems : proceedings : October 18-21, 2017, Ramada Plaza, Jeju, Korea. 2017 17th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). Jeju, 10/18/2017 - 10/21/2017. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE
Abstract: Human Robotics Research Center (HRRC) has established in 2013 as an R&D center. Our objective is implement robots at the site of rehabilitation and nursing care. HRRC is working on the research and development of wearable auxiliary tool for behavior assistance of elderly who requires nursing care in cooperation with Kashiihara Hospital since 2015. Purpose of this research is to develop wearable device that can be reduce body burden of caregivers who carry out standing assistance / transfer assistance frequently at bathing care. We started this activity in 2015, and we have made 2 mockups so far. In 2016, a verification experiment of standing assistance / transfer assistance was conducted using prototype-1 that made based on the advice from Kashiihara hospital. As a result of the verification experiment, we assume 1st prototype will reduce the burden on caregivers. In the future, we will study “Powered Exoskeleton for Bathing Care” which applied ultra-mini hydraulic technology for body assistance and “Wearable Auxiliary Tool” that does not have body assistance”.
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(2017): Narratives and Online Decorum. The Rhetoric of Mark Zuckerberg's Personal Storytelling on Facebook. In: STYLE 51 (3), S. 374-390. DOI: 10.1353/sty.2017.0031
Abstract: The article ties in with and attempts to further interests in the - rhetorical aspects of personal storytelling by examining what is taken to be a pervasive yet understudied form of purposeful storytelling. The overall aim is to investigate how the narration of intimate biographical events may be used to influence or mold matters of decorum or appropriate behavior. Through close reading of the use of narratives in a Facebook post by Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, the article argues for the potential meta-decorous nature of such posts; in addition to their private content, they are about what posting is or should be, and therefore also about what it may be, or should mean, to be someone posting on Facebook. Consequently, these personal stories are read as peculiar amalgamations of the personal, the strategic, and the moral.
Keywords: Appropriateness, Art des Kommunikationsmediums, das Persönliche, decorum, doppelter Treffer, Facebook, Identität, Identitätsstiftung, Intimität, Kommunikation, Kommunikationsstrategie, Mensch-Maschine-Releation, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Moral, Morals, Öffentlicher vs. privater Raum, Rhetorik, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Social Network, Social Network Einfluss, Soziale Angemessenheit, Storytelling, Strategien zur Erlangung von Sympathie, Wissen um Normen -
(2017): Culture-generality and culture-specificity of face. In: Pragmatics and Society 8 (2). DOI: 10.1075/ps.8.2.03iza
Abstract: In theorizing face as relational and interactional, Arundale (2010) argues that face encompasses a dialectic of relational connection and separation, which is culture-general, but can be voiced differently in different cultures. This paper examines how Arundale’s Face Constituting Theory (FCT) relates to the culture-specific emic understanding of face in Persian culture in talk in dissertation defense sessions. The data are two argumentative excerpts of natural interaction from a corpus of 12 PhD defense sessions in Iran. It is first argued that relational connection and separation is voiced as bonding and differentiation. Second, it is shown how the Persian emic concept of aberu can be accommodated in FCT. The analyses, grounded in CA and FCT, show how the dialectic of bonding and differentiation is interactionally achieved in the practices of aberu.
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(2017): Coupling social norms and commitments. Testing the underdetected nature of social influence. In: Journal of Environmental Psychology 51, S. 199-208. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.03.015
Abstract: Normative information has shown success in promoting proenvironmental behavior. Research suggests that its influence is largely underdetected, with recipients widely underestimating its impact. Consequently, behavioral changes induced by normative information should be perceived as intrinsically motivated. This hypothesis was tested with a commitment-making procedure, where intrinsically motivated commitments tend to produce relatively long-term behavioral changes and extrinsically motivated commitments tend to produce relatively short-term changes. In a field experiment, 8876 households under drought restrictions were randomly assigned to receive restriction information, a strong warning, or normative information communicating community compliance to restrictions. Subsets of households in the latter two conditions were asked to commit to adhering to water restrictions. Immediate reductions were evidenced for committers that received either a strong warning or normative information, but only committers that received normative information showed longer-term reductions in water use. These findings support the claim that normative influence's underdetected nature promotes intrinsic motivation.
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(2017): The Embodiment of Power and Visual Dominance Behaviour. In: Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems 15 (4), S. 228-241. DOI: 10.7906/indecs.15.4.1
Abstract: The objective of this study was to identify whether the changes in assuming power poses during a conversation between a pair of individuals, who were previously familiar with each other, influence the hierarchy of power, changes in it, as well as maintenance and adoption of different roles in the hierarchy. We assumed changes in roles of power on the basis of changes in visual dominance behaviour, which proved to be a reliable indicator of the social power of the individual in previous researches. Each pair conversed on predefined topics three times for three minutes. By placing individuals in a neutral or expansive posture, the purpose of which was covered by the use of a cover story, we created a difference in nonverbal expression of power between the two individuals. In the first conversation, both individuals adopted a neutral pose. In the second conversation, one individual adopted an expansive posture, while the other remained in a neutral one, and vice versa in the third conversation. Interactions were filmed with two cameras, which enabled us to analyse nonverbal behaviour. The results show that the differences in displays of power with expansive body postures between individuals are not associated with changes in visual dominance behaviour of individuals. From this we conclude that in the relations in which the social hierarchy of power is already established, the use of power poses does not help increase the power of the individual who adopts the posture.
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(2017): A social justice approach to survey design and analysis. In: European Journal of Social Work 20 (2), S. 303-305. DOI: 10.1080/13691457.2016.1164917
Abstract: A Social Justice Approach to Survey Design and Analysis is written for students, teachers, researchers and anyone who is interested in conducting research. It draws heavily on current discussions regarding social justice, equity, health disparities and social determinants of health to provide a framework for researchers to use both to engage in social justice research as well as to evolve as social justice practitioners. This research book includes a framework of the continuum of social justice research, a presentation on how to provide an active voice for the community in the design and exaction of research, examples of social justice data sources along with how researchers have used that data to measure social inequities, and an overview of how to analyze data, using the social justice research framework. The book also includes several in depth case scenarios that highlight how social justice research has been used to document, monitor and evaluate inequities encountered by underserved populations
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(2017) : Chapter 1 - Emotions and Affect in Human Factors and Human–Computer Interaction: Taxonomy, Theories, Approaches, and Methods In: Jeon, Myounghoon: Emotions and affect in human factors and human-computer interaction: London, United Kingdom: Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier, S. 3-26. Online verfügbar unter http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012801851400001X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801851-4.00001-X Abstract: This chapter presents an overview of emotional and affective components in human factors (HF) and human–computer interaction (HCI). First, the definitions of terminologies are clarified. After describing neural and cognitive mechanisms of affect, I provide theories of affective effects so that researchers can apply them to their research areas and develop their own theory further. Then, the chapter focuses on introducing and comparing four different approaches to Affective Sciences in HF/HCI, including Emotional Design, Hedonomics, Kansei Engineering, and Affective Computing. After delineating advantages and disadvantages of affect induction and detection methodologies, theoretical and practical issues and future works of this domain are discussed. This short review is expected to guide HF/HCI researchers and practitioners who begin to study emotions and affect, and to facilitate communication about emotions and affect within the HF/HCI community.