Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): A new look at the attribution of moral responsibility. The underestimated relevance of social roles. In: Philosophical Psychology 31 (4), S. 595-608. DOI: 10.1080/09515089.2018.1429592
Abstract: What are the main features that influence our attribution of moral responsibility? It is widely accepted that there are various factors which strongly influence our moral judgments, such as the agent’s intentions, the consequences of the action, the causal involvement of the agent, and the agent’s freedom and ability to do otherwise. In this paper, we argue that this picture is incomplete: We argue that social roles are an additional key factor that is radically underestimated in the extant literature. We will present an experiment to support this claim.
2017
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(2017): The phenomenology of self-presentation. Describing the structures of intercorporeality with Erving Goffman. In: Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 16 (2), S. 237-254. DOI: 10.1007/s11097-015-9447-6
Abstract: Self-presentation is a term that indicates conscious and unconscious strategies for controlling or managing how one is perceived by others in terms of both appearance and comportment. In this article, I will discuss the phenomenology of self-presentation with respect to the phenomenological insights of Edmund Husserl and Merleau-Ponty regarding the visibility of the body within intercorporeal relations through 'behaviour' and 'expression.' In doing so, I will turn to the work of the Canadian sociologist and social theorist Erving Goffman. Goffman's account of self-presentation suggests why embodied subjects adopt certain styles of ordered bodily behaviour as determined by the broader social order, giving existential and social significance to the ontological structures of intercorporeal bodily communication. Following Goffman, I will suggest that the embodied subject is continuously-and constitutionally-engaged in implicit and explicit strategies to manage how the body is presented to others. In articulating self-presentation as a feature of intercorporeality, my aim in this article is to use Goffman's insights to extend Husserl's and Merleau-Ponty's accounts of bodily communication by demonstrating that bodily communication that is instantiated at the level of intercorporeality is always expressed through social life with its various historical, cultural and linguistic dimensions.
2016
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(2016): Investigating and designing social robots from a role-theoretical perspective. Response to “Social interaction with robots—three questions”. In Gesa Lindemann (this volume). In: AI & Society 31 (4), S. 581-585. DOI: 10.1007/s00146-015-0635-2
Abstract: As proposed by the editors, we give statements to two of the questions formulated above, briefly sketch some basics of a role-based approach to socio-technical innovation and give some examples, as to why a role-based approach might be helpful for observing and contributing to the field of Social Robotics.
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(2016): Breaching or Building Social Boundaries?. In: Communication Research 25 (6), S. 689-715. DOI: 10.1177/009365098025006006
Abstract: Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is sometimes heralded for its power to break down social boundaries and to liberate individuals from social influence, group pressure, and status and power differentials that characterize much face-to-face interaction. We review research conducted within the framework of the social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE) demonstrating that this is not always the case. When communicators share a common social identity, they appear to be more susceptible to group influence, social attraction stereotyping, gender typing, and discrimination in anonymous CMC. Although CMC gives us the opportunity to traverse social boundaries, paradoxically, it can also afford these boundaries greater power, especially when they define self- and group identity.
Keywords: breach of social interaction, computervermittelte Kommunikation, Disziplin, doppelter Treffer, Favoriten, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Kommunikation, Macht, Mediationstheorie, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Modelle/Theorien, Realtechnik, Reflexionen über MTR, Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects (SIDE), Soziale Angemessenheit, soziale Grenzen, Soziale Rolle, sozialer Einfluss, sozialer Status, Technik, Technikphilosophie, (Theory of) technological mediation, Überblick -
(2016): ’Je ne voudrais prononcer ces mots’. The influence of the French Fabliau on two scenes from Henry V. In: CAHIERS ELISABETHAINS (91), S. 34-50
Abstract: Catherine’s language lesson in Henry V turns on the use of two bawdy French words, foutre and con – or rather, on the English words foot and gown which, when pronounced by the French speakers, sound like the bawdy words. In the courtship scene, Harry and Catherine avoid such words, yet each desires what they signify; both play a linguistic game in which they attempt to achieve what decorum prevents them from naming. Instead of direct and clear expression, this linguistic game involves figurative language and euphemism. A source for the linguistic principles underpinning both scenes is the medieval French fabliau.
2014
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(2014): Freedom as Going Off Script. In: Hypatia 29 (2), S. 355-370. DOI: 10.1111/hypa.12033
Abstract: In this manuscript I explore an example of an over-privileged white woman who encounters two young Black men in a parking garage stairwell. Two related axioms are central to the oppressive script that lies before these subjects: the hetero-patriarchal axiom that women are not safe alone at night and the racist axiom that Black men, especially young ones, are dangerous. These axioms are intended to ensure a practical conclusion white women and Black men are supposed to avoid each other thereby conferring legitimacy on the white male, hetero-patriarchal order. If this is a performance of oppression, we must ask, what is the performance of freedom? Freedom, I argue, is the practice of allowing and encouraging a subject's multiple selves to interact so that one may devise and pursue courses of action that have been strategically hidden by systems of domination designed to cultivate pliant agency. My project augments accounts of multiplicitous subjectivity wherein our multiple social worlds socially constitute persons as both oppressor and oppressed, empowered and pliant. The practice of freedom conceived here acknowledges multiplicity while positioning us to seek feminist and antiracist futures that are not configured by oppression.
Keywords: Beeinflussung der Bewertung moralischer Urteile, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), Disziplin, Einfluss von Vorurteilen, Erwartungen, Erwartungserwartung, Gender, Geschlecht, going off-script, Image, Kulturtheorie, multiplicitous subjectivity, Philosophie, Rollenermöglichung durch "going off-script", script, Soziale Rolle, Sozialverhalten 2012
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(2012): Human hierarchies. A general theory. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publ
Abstract: Human beings are hierarchical animals. Always and everywhere, people have developed social ranking systems. These differ dramatically in how they are organized, but the underlying causal mechanisms that create and sustain them are the same. Whether they are on the top or bottom of the heap, people attempt to be superior to some other persons or group. This is the root of Melvyn L. Fein’s thesis presented in Human Hierarchies: A General Theory. Fein traces the development of changes from hunter-gatherer times to our own techno-commercial society. In moving from small to large communities, humans went from face-to-face contests for superiority to more anonymous and symbolic ones. Societies evolved from hunting bands where the parties knew each other through big-men societies, chieftainships, agrarian empires, patronage chains, caste societies, estate systems, and market-oriented democracies. Where once small groupings were organized primarily by strong forces such as personal relationships, the now standard large groupings are more dependent on weaker forces such as those provided by social roles. Bureaucracies and professional roles have become prominent. Bureaucracies allow large-scale organizations to maintain control of people by limiting the potential destructiveness of unregulated tests of strength and by clarifying chains of command. Their rigidity and unresponsiveness requires that they be supplemented by professional roles. At the same time, a proliferation of self-motivated experts delegate authority downward, thereby introducing a more flexible decentralization. This analysis is a unique and significant advance in both the sociology and anthropology of stratification among humans.
2006
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(2006): Alcohol and the Jews (again), race and medicine (again). On race and medicine in historical perspective. In: PATTERNS OF PREJUDICE 40 (4-5), S. 335-352
Abstract: The question of why or whether Jews have a resistance to alcoholism is now the subject of genetic research. Parallel to investigations into such perceived resistance in other groups (such as ‘Asians’), the recent work makes global claims that can be shown to have very specific social and historical origins. The accusation that the Jews abused alcohol was rebutted in the eighteenth century as Jews entered into the German-speaking public sphere. The key to such access was adherence to rules of ‘decorum’, and the public consumption of alcohol was central to this project.
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(2006): Breaking the rules of the game. Ethical implications for nursing practice and education. In: Nursing Science Quarterly 19 (3), S. 207-210
Abstract: Rules in games are fundamental to the ethics of practice. Rules provide a context or space where a game is defined and played. Throughout human life, games may be formalized with written and unwritten rules. Imaginations may be sparked in the creative structuring of new, informal games. Formal and informal rules can serve to provide direction for what may be viewed as decorum and appropriate behavior with professional groups. In this column, the author illuminates possible ethical meanings for rule-making and breaking with implications for nursing practice and education from a nursing theoretical perspective.
Keywords: Berufstechnik, decorum, Fehlverhalten, Gesellschaftsprofit, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, Intellektualtechnik, Interaktion, Medizin, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Normen, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Pflege, Regel, Regelwerk, Regelwerke, Soziale Rolle, Spiel, Spieltheorie, Technik, Umgangsformen, Verhalten am Arbeitsplatz, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten 1998
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(1998): Ökonomie der Aufmerksamkeit. Ein Entwurf. München: Hanser
Abstract: Georg Franck hat eine neue Ökonomie entdeckt, die mit der Ökonomie des Geldes konkurriert: die Ökonomie der Aufmerksamkeit, die nach den gleichen Gesetzen funktioniert. Aufmerksamkeit, die uns entgegengebracht wird, lässt sich verzinsen, und wer die höchste Stufe der Aufmerksamkeit erreicht hat, kann seine Kinder beerben. Aber diese Ökonomie zieht, wie jede andere, soziale Konsequenzen nach sich. Also beschließt Franck seinen Entwurf mit dem Grundriss der Ethik der Aufmerksamkeit.
1983
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(1983): The Interaction Order. In: American Sociological Review 48 (1), S. 1-17. DOI: 10.2307/2095141
Abstract: [book review] Abstract of the reviewed publication: For an evening's hour, it is given to each current president of the Association to hold captive the largest audience of colleagues that sociology can provide. For an hour then, within the girdle of these walls, a wordy pageantry is reenacted. A sociologist you have selected from a very short list takes to the center of this vasty Hilton field on a hobbyhorse of his own choosing. (One is reminded that the sociologically interesting thing about Hamlet is that every year no high school in the English-speaking world has trouble finding some clown to play him.) In any case, it seems that presidents of learned societies are well enough known about something to be elected because of it. Taking office, they find a podium attached, along with encouragement to demonstrate that they are indeed obsessed by what their election proved they were already known to be obsessed by. Election winds them up and sets them loose to set their record straight: they rise above restraint and replay it. For Association presidents are led to feel that they are representative of something, and that this something is just what their intellectual community wants represented and needs representing. Preparing and then presenting their addresses, presidents come to feel that they are temporarily guardians of their discipline. However large or oddly shaped the hall, their self swells out to fill it. Nor do narrow disciplinary concerns set limits. Whatever the public issues of the day, the speaker's discipline is shown to have incisive bearing on them. Moreover, the very occasion seems to make presidential speakers dangerously at one with themselves; warmed by the celebration they give without stint, sidetracking their prepared address with parenthetical admissions, obirer dicta, ethical and- political asides and other medallions of belief. And once again there occurs that special flagrancy of high office: the indulgence of selfcongratulation in public. What this dramaturgy is supposed to bring is flesh to bones, confronting the reader's image of a person with the lively impression created when the words come from a body not a page. What this dramaturgy puts at risk is the remaining illusions listeners have concerning their profession. Take comfort, my friends, that although you are once again to witness the passion of the podium, ours is the discipline, the model of analysis, for which ceremonies are data as well as duty, for which talk provides conduct to observe as well as opinion to consider. Indeed, one might want to argue that the interesting matter for all of us here (as all of us know) is not what I will come to say, but what you are doing here listening to me saying it.
1982
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(1982): Das Individuum im öffentlichen Austausch. Mikrostudien zur öffentlichen Ordnung. 1. Aufl.. Frankfurt am Main: SuhrkampKeywords: Disziplin, Favoriten, Gesellschaft, Goffman, Individuum, Interaktion, Interaktionstheorie, Kommunikation, Modelle/Theorien, öffentliche Ordnung, Öffentlicher Raum, Ordnung, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Rolle, soziales Verhalten, Sozialpsychologie, Soziologie, Theory of interaction (Goffman), Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung / Öffentlichkeit
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(1982): Interaction ritual. Essays on face-to-face behavior. Repr.. New York NY: Pantheon Books
Abstract: In a brilliant series of books about social behavior, including The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, Asylums, and Stigma, Erving Goffman has exposed all that is at stake when people meet face to face. Goffman’s work, once of the great intellectual achievements of our time, is an endlessly fascinating commentary on how we enact ourselves by our responses to and our readings of other people. From the exemplary opening essay of Interaction Ritual, “On Face-Work,” —a full account of the extraordinary repertoire of maneuvers we employ in social encounters in order to “save face”—to the final, and classic, essay “Where the Action Is,”—an examination of people in risky occupations and situations: gamblers, criminals, coal miners, stock speculators—Goffman astounds us with the unexpected richness and complexity of brief encounters between people. For Goffman, as for Freud, the extreme cases are of interest because of the light they shed on the normal: The study of the trapeze artist is worthwhile because each of us is on the wire from time to time.
1972
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(1972): Relations in public. Microstudies of the public order. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books (Pelican books)
Abstract: Until recently, to be in a "public place" meant to feel safe. That has changed, especially in cities. Urban dwellers sense the need to quickly react to gestural cues from persons in their immediate presence in order to establish their relationship to each other. Through this communication they hope to detect potential danger before it is too late for self-defense or flight. The ability to read accurately the "informing signs" by which strangers indicate their relationship to one another in public or semi-public places without speaking, has become as important as understanding the official written and spoken language of the country. In Relations in Public, Erving Goffman provides a grammar of the unspoken language used in public places. He shows that the way strangers relate in public is part of a design by which friends and acquaintances manage their relationship in the presence of bystanders. He argues that, taken together, this forms part of a new domain of inquiry into the rules for co-mingling, or public order. Most people give little thought to how elaborate and complex our everyday behavior in public actually is. For example, we adhere to the rules of pedestrian traffic on a busy thoroughfare, accept the usual ways of acting in a crowded elevator or subway car, grasp the delicate nuances of conversational behavior, and respond to the rich vocabulary of body gestures. We behave differently at weddings, at meals, in crowds, in couples, and when alone. Such everyday behavior, though generally below the level of awareness, embodies unspoken codes of social understandings necessary for the orderly conduct of society.
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