Alle Publikationen
2018
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(2018): Künstliche Intelligenz. Was sie kann & was uns erwartet. Originalausgabe. München: C.H. Beck
Abstract: Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) steht für Maschinen, die können, was der Mensch kann: hören und sehen, sprechen, lernen, Probleme lösen. In manchem sind sie inzwischen nicht nur schneller, sondern auch besser als der Mensch. Wie funktionieren diese klugen Maschinen? Bedrohen sie uns, machen sie uns gar überflüssig? Die Journalistin und KI-Expertin Manuela Lenzen erklärt anschaulich, was Künstliche Intelligenz kann und was uns erwartet. Künstliche Intelligenz ist das neue Zauberwort des digitalen Kapitalismus. Intelligente Computersysteme stellen medizinische Diagnosen und geben Rechtsberatung. Sie managen den Aktienhandel und steuern bald unsere Autos. Sie malen, dichten, dolmetschen und komponieren. Immer klügere Roboter stehen an den Fließbändern, begrüßen uns im Hotel, führen uns durchs Museum oder braten Burger und schnipseln den Salat dazu. Doch neben die Utopie einer schönen neuen intelligenten Technikwelt sind längst Schreckbilder getreten: von künstlichen Intelligenzen, die uns auf Schritt und Tritt überwachen, die unsere Arbeitsplätze übernehmen und sich unserer Kontrolle entziehen. Manuela Lenzen zeigt, welche Hoffnungen und Befürchtungen realistisch sind und welche in die Science Fiction gehören. Sie beschreibt, wie ein gutes Leben mit der Künstlichen Intelligenz aussehen könnte – und dass wir von klugen Maschinen eine Menge über uns selbst lernen können.
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(2018): Differences in the Theory of Mind profiles of patients with anorexia nervosa and individuals on the autism spectrum: A meta-analytic review. In: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 90, S. 146-163. DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.009 Abstract: Background This meta-analytic review examines the theory of mind profiles in both patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and autistic individuals. Methodology The studies examining theory of mind were divided into the following categories: emotional theory of mind, understanding simple social situations, understanding complex social interactions, and implicit social attribution. All included studies investigated differences between healthy control (HCs) individuals and people with AN or autistic people. Differences in theory of mind profile between people with AN and autistic people were explored by conducting moderator analyses. Results People with AN and autistic people showed a similar theory of mind profile, but autistic individuals showed greater difficulties, particularly in emotional theory of mind. Conclusions Although both people with AN and autistic people have significant difficulties in all aspects of theory of mind relative to the HCs, some differences in the underlying profile may be present. However, due to relative paucity of theory of mind research among people with AN, further research is still needed before firm conclusion can be drawn.
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(2018): When Cultures Collide. Leading Across Cultures. 4th ed.. New York: Nicholas Brealey Publishing
Abstract: A major new edition of the classic work that revolutionized the way business is conducted across cultures and around the globe. The fourth edition provides leaders and managers with practical strategies to embrace differences and successfully work across diverse business cultures. Capturing the rising influence and the seismic changes throughout many regions of the world, cross-cultural expert and international businessman Richard Lewis has significantly broadened the scope of his seminal work on global business and communication. Thoroughly updated to include the latest political events and cultural changes, as well as covering nine new countries to complete Europe, broadening the scope of the book. Building on his LMR model, Lewis gives leaders and managers practical strategies to embrace differences and work successfully across increasingly diverse business cultures.
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(2018) : From modern sexism to gender microaggressions. Understanding contemporary forms of sexism and their influence on diverse women In: Travis, Cheryl B.; White, Jacquelyn W.; Rutherford, Alexandra; Williams, Wendi S.; Cook, Sarah L.; Wyche, Karen Fraser (Hg.): APA handbook of the psychology of women: History, theory, and battlegrounds (Vol. 1): Washington: American Psychological Association, S. 381-397
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0000059-019 Abstract: Sexism can operate on both an overt, conscious level and a subtle, unconscious level (Sue, 2010). Swim and Hyers (2009) defined sexism as 'individuals’ attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, and organizational, institutional, and cultural practices that either reflect negative evaluations of individuals based on their gender or support unequal status of women and men' (p. 407). Some examples of overt manifestations of sexism include sexual harassment, domestic violence, and discriminatory hiring practices. Similar to other overt forms of discrimination, overt sexism is often less accepted in contemporary society. Thus, many well-intentioned men may hold sexist views about women that are outside their conscious awareness. These subtle forms of sexism can often have a negative effect on women (Sue, 2010). For example, research has indicated that women’s experiences with subtle, everyday forms of sexist discrimination are related to negative mental health outcomes, such as p sycholog ical distress, depression, and anxiety (Moradi & Subich, 2002, 2003). To contextualize the literature on sexism, I introduce a psychosocial model of sexism, which illustrates the ways in which patriarchy is the foundation for various expressions of sexism that have a negative impact on women. Then, I highlight five primary areas of theory and research on contemporary sexism: (a) modern sexism, (b) ambivalent sexism, (c) perceived sexist discrimination, (d) everyday sexism, and (e) gender microaggressions. Given the growing body of research on the deleterious impact of sexism on a range of physical and mental health outcomes for women, this selected literature review focuses on research that highlights the impact of subtle sexism on women’s mental and physical health. This chapter also highlights intersectionality theory and research on contemporary forms of sexism that have focused on intersections of race, sexual orientation, and social class. This chapter ends with direc tions fo r future research on subtle forms of sexism and gender microaggressions, with a particular focus on moving the field of feminist psychology forward in centering an intersectional analysis in the psychological study of women to better understand the experiences of diverse women on the basis of race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and social class. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): The knowledge level in cognitive architectures. Current limitations and possible developments. In: COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH 48, S. 39-55. DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2017.05.001
Abstract: In this paper we identify and characterize an analysis of two problematic aspects affecting the representational level of cognitive architectures (CAs), namely: the limited size and the homogeneous typology of the encoded and processed knowledge. We argue that such aspects may constitute not only a technological problem that, in our opinion, should be addressed in order to build artificial agents able to exhibit intelligent behaviors in general scenarios, but also an epistemological one, since they limit the plausibility of the comparison of the CAs' knowledge representation and processing mechanisms with those executed by humans in their everyday activities. In the final part of the paper further directions of research will be explored, trying to address current limitations and future challenges. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Computerwissenschaft, Disziplin, Favoriten, formale Sprache, Formalisierung, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, kognitive Architekturen, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), natürliche Sprache, Ontologie, Philosophie, Realtechnik, Sprachverarbeitung, Technik, Technikphilosophie, Überblick, Weltwissen -
(2018): Ms An (meeting students’ academic needs): A socially adaptive robot tutor for student engagement in math education. ProQuest Information & Learning.
Abstract: This research presents a new, socially adaptive robot tutor, Ms. An ( Meeting Students’ Academic N eeds). The goal of this research was to use a decision tree model to develop a socially adaptive robot tutor that predicted and responded to student emotion and performance to actively engage students in mathematics education. The novelty of this multi-disciplinary project is the combination of the fields of HRI, AI, and education. In this study we 1) implemented a decision tree model to classify student emotion and performance for use in adaptive robot tutoring-an approach not applied to educational robotics; 2) presented an intuitive interface for seamless robot operation by novice users; and 3) applied direct human teaching methods (guided practice and progress monitoring) for a robot tutor to engage students in mathematics education. Twenty 4th and 5th grade students in rural South Carolina participated in a between subjects study with two conditions: A) with a non-adaptive robot (control group); and B) with a socially adaptive robot (adaptive group). Students engaged in two one-on-one tutoring sessions to practice multiplication per the South Carolina 4th and 5 th grade mathematics state standards. Although our decision tree models were not very predictive, the results gave answers to our current questions and clarity for future directions. Our adaptive strategies to engage students academically were effective. Further, all students enjoyed working with the robot and we did not see a difference in emotional engagement across the two groups. This study offered insight for developing a socially adaptive robot tutor to engage students academically and emotionally while practicing multiplication. Results from this study will inform the human-robot interaction (HRI) and artificial intelligence (AI) communities on best practices and techniques within the scope of this work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018) : A Formalization of Kant’s Second Formulation of the Categorical Imperative. Paper presented at 14th International Conference on Deontic Logic and Normative Systems, Utrecht, Netherlands In: Broersen, Jan; Condoravdi, Cleo; Nair, Shyam (Hg.): 14th International Conference on Deontic Logic and Normative Systems, Utrecht, Netherlands: Utrecht, The Netherlands: College Publications. Online verfügbar unter http://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.03160v2
Abstract: We present a formalization and computational implementation of the second formulation of Kant’s categorical imperative. This ethical principle requires an agent to never treat someone merely as a means but always also as an end. Here we interpret this principle in terms of how persons are causally affected by actions. We introduce Kantian causal agency models in which moral patients, actions, goals, and causal influence are represented, and we show how to formalize several readings of Kant’s categorical imperative that correspond to Kant’s concept of strict and wide duties towards oneself and others. Stricter versions handle cases where an action directly causally affects oneself or others, whereas the wide version maximizes the number of persons being treated as an end. We discuss limitations of our formalization by pointing to one of Kant’s cases that the machinery cannot handle in a satisfying way.
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(2018): The role of a "common is moral" heuristic in the stability and change of moral norms. In: Journal of experimental psychology. General 147 (2), S. 228-242. DOI: 10.1037/xge0000365
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28891657 Abstract: Moral norms are fundamental for virtually all social interactions, including cooperation. Moral norms develop and change, but the mechanisms underlying when, and how, such changes occur are not well-described by theories of moral psychology. We tested, and confirmed, the hypothesis that the commonness of an observed behavior consistently influences its moral status, which we refer to as the common is moral (CIM) heuristic. In 9 experiments, we used an experimental model of dynamic social interaction that manipulated the commonness of altruistic and selfish behaviors to examine the change of peoples' moral judgments. We found that both altruistic and selfish behaviors were judged as more moral, and less deserving of punishment, when common than when rare, which could be explained by a classical formal model (social impact theory) of behavioral conformity. Furthermore, judgments of common versus rare behaviors were faster, indicating that they were computationally more efficient. Finally, we used agent-based computer simulations to investigate the endogenous population dynamics predicted to emerge if individuals use the CIM heuristic, and found that the CIM heuristic is sufficient for producing 2 hallmarks of real moral norms; stability and sudden changes. Our results demonstrate that commonness shapes our moral psychology through mechanisms similar to behavioral conformity with wide implications for understanding the stability and change of moral norms. (PsycINFO Database Record zitiert von: 1
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(2018): Soundscape effects on visiting experience in city park. A case study in Fuzhou, China. In: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 31, S. 38-47. DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2018.01.022
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to reveal the relationships between sound/soundscape perception and public visiting experience in city parks, based on a questionnaire survey of 146 park users in West Lake park in Fuzhou, China. The results indicated that, the three visiting experience indicators, i.e., soundscape tranquil degree (STD), landscape aesthetic degree (LAD) and visiting satisfaction degree (VSD) were positively related with each other, and LAD (correlation coefficients = 0.728, p < 0.01) was more associated with VSD than STD (correlation coefficients = 0.565, p < 0.01). Perception of certain individual sounds was found in close relationships with the three indicators. Specifically, STD showed the most significant relationships with harmonious degree of individual sounds, where perception of traffic sounds showed the most negative effects, while perception of music related sounds and water sound showed positive effects. LAD was more associated with perceived occurrences of individual sounds, where traffic sounds and music related sounds showed the most significant effects again. Both perceived occurrences and dominant degree of individual sounds showed the most and equal relationships with VSD. Specifically, mechanical sounds showed the most negative effects, and dog barking showed significant negative effects too, while music related sounds could be the only kind of sound positively contributed to VSD. Social/demographical/behavioral factors and visit motivations all showed significant relationships with individual sound perception and visiting experience. Considering the effects of all associated factors, key factors were detected for each of the visiting experience indicators. All the three visiting experience indicators showed negative relationships with certain traffic sounds, while tree rustling sound was the only sound showing positive relationship with STD. Age was the most important social/demographical/behavioral factor showing positive relationships with LAD and VSD. The research results provided theoretical references for management and design of soundscapes to contribute to more satisfied experiences in city parks.
Keywords: Design -
(2018): When different “codes” meet. Communication styles and conflict in intercultural academic meetings. In: Language & Communication 61, S. 1-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2017.10.001
Abstract: This study focuses on conflict situations in bilingual academic meetings to investigate the communication styles used by Chinese and American university faculty. The ethnographic participant observation used as the main method was cross-checked with post-meeting interview data. The findings revealed that, due to the conflicting priorities in meeting protocol and behaviors in Taiwanese and American cultures, tension is experienced by faculty members of both cultures. What it means to have a meeting and how members address various issues does vary from culture to culture. It is suggested that conflict situations be ameliorated by more cross-cultural understanding of meeting codes, especially by those in leadership positions.
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Ludwig, Kirk; Janković, Marija (Hg.) (2018): The Routledge handbook of collective intentionality. London; New York: Routledge (Routledge handbooks in philosophy)
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Machleidt, Wielant; Kluge, Ulrike; Sieberer, Marcel Gerd; Heinz, Andreas; Agorastos, Agorastos (Hg.) (2018): Praxis der interkulturellen Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Migration und psychische Gesundheit. 2. Auflage. München: Elsevier
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(2018) : ETHICAL FRAMEWORK FOR MACHINE LEARNING: 2018 ITU Kaleidoscope: Machine Learning for a 5G Future (ITU K): Santa Fe, Argentina: IEEE, S. 1-8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.23919/ITU-WT.2018.8597767 Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) with its core subset of Machine Learning (ML) is rapidly transforming life experiences as humans begin to grow more dependent on these ‘smart machines’ for their needs - ranging from routine mundane chores to critical personal decisions. However, these transformative technologies are at the same time proving unpredictable too as has been reported worldwide in certain cases. Therefore, several studies/reports, such as COMEST report on Robotics ethics (UNESCO, 2017) point to an obvious need for inculcating more ethical behavior in machines. The present study aims to look at the role and interplay of ML (the hard sciences) and Ethics (the soft sciences) to resolve such predicaments that are inadvertently manifested by machines not constrained or controlled by human expectations. Based on focused review of literature of both domains-ML and Ethics, the proposed paper attempts to first build on the need for introduction of an ethical algorithm in the domain of machine learning and then endeavors to provide a conceptual framework to resolve the ethical dilemmas.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Artificial intelligence/machine learning, Big Data, COMEST report, critical personal decisions, Decision Making, design approach, domains-ML, emotional quotient, ethical algorithm, ethical aspects, ethical behavior, ethical dilemmas, ethical framework, Ethics, hard sciences, human expectations, ieee xplore, learning (artificial intelligence), machine learning, Machine learning algorithms, Moral & Ethik, Prediction algorithms, robotic ethics, Robots, routine mundane chores, smart machines, soft sciences, spiritual quotient, transformative technologies -
(2018): From being nice to being kind. Development of prosocial behaviors. In: Current Opinion in Psychology 20, S. 45-49. DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.07.036
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28830006 Abstract: Empirical findings regarding the origins and development of prosocial behaviors from infancy to childhood have generated new information on when young children act prosocially toward others, how prosocial behavior changes across development, and why children do or do not behave prosocially. We discuss recent advances in three areas of research: First, studies have increasingly focused on age-related differences in various prosocial behaviors. Second, psychological underpinnings of prosocial behavior development have contributed to a better understanding of children's motives for prosocial behaviors. Third, dispositional and situational effects on the development of prosocial behaviors have been examined. We discuss consequences of individual differences in prosocial behaviors and provide recommendations for future directions for the study of prosocial behavior development. zitiert von 2
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(2018): Theory of mind and humanoid robots from a lifespan perspective. In: Zeitschrift für Psychologie 226 (2), S. 98-109. DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000326
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000326 Abstract: This review focuses on some relevant issues concerning the relationship between theory of mind (ToM) and humanoid robots. Humanoid robots are employed in different everyday-life contexts, so it seems relevant to question whether the relationships between human beings and humanoids can be characterized by a mode of interaction typical of the relationships between human beings, that is, the attribution of mental states. Because ToM development continuously undergoes changes from early childhood to late adulthood, we adopted a lifespan perspective. We analyzed contributions from the literature by organizing them around the partition between 'mental states and actions' and 'human-like features.' Finally, we considered how studying human–robot interaction, within a ToM context, can contribute to our understanding of the intersubjective nature of this interaction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018) : Ethical and Social Considerations for the Introduction of Human-Centered Technologies at Work: 2018 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO): Genoa, Italy: IEEE Robotics & Automation Society, S. 131-138
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ARSO.2018.8625830 Abstract: Human-centered technologies such as collaborative robots, exoskeletons, and wearable sensors are rapidly spreading in industry and manufacturing because of their intrinsic potential at assisting workers and improving their working conditions. The deployment of these technologies, albeit inevitable, poses several ethical and societal issues. Guidelines for ethically aligned design of autonomous and intelligent systems do exist, however we argue that ethical recommendations must necessarily be complemented by an analysis of the social impact of these technologies. In this paper, we report on our preliminary studies on the opinion of factory workers and of people outside this environment on human-centered technologies at work. In light of these studies, we discuss ethical and social considerations for deploying these technologies in a way that improves acceptance.
Keywords: Collaboration, collaborative robots, control engineering computing, ethical aspects, ethical considerations, ethical issues, ethical recommendations, ethically aligned design, exoskeletons, Human Computer Interaction, Human Factors, human-centered technologies, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Interviews, knowledge based systems, Moral & Ethik, Production facilities, Robot sensing systems, social aspects of automation, social considerations, societal issues, user centred design, wearable sensors, working conditions -
(2018): Performing Diplomatic Decorum: Repertoires of “Appropriate” Behavior in the Margins of International Diplomacy. In: International Political Sociology 12 (4), S. 362-381. DOI: 10.1093/ips/oly021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/oly021 Abstract: This paper interrogates the notion of diplomatic decorum in order to shine new light on the power relations that underpin performance, rhetoric, and emotional labor in international politics. In framing decorum in terms of Aristotelian rhetoric and dramaturgical principles, the paper focuses on representatives of minority communities, indigenous peoples, and stateless nations for whom adopting social behavior appropriate for the spaces of international diplomacy takes on a heightened importance. Drawing on postcolonial critiques of diplomacy, attention turns to two distinct political repertoires and configurations of style and subject that these liminal geopolitical actors engage with. First the paper examines the extent to which “unofficial” diplomats perform behavior fitting to a particular diplomatic space and how they seek to enact a diplomatic style that will be deemed appropriate to their subject position as both outsiders and aspirant diplomats. Second, the paper examines what it means to break the unwritten rules of diplomatic decorum, both in terms of incidences where individuals push the boundaries deliberately in order to perform otherness, and in examples where diplomatic performances go awry. The paper concludes by considering the ways in which decorum is a productive lens through which to view and reassess the colonial norms and power relations underpinning diplomacy.
Keywords: Youssef, Ramy -
(2018): Influence of emotional valence on perceived psychological distance depends on emotional intensity. In: European Journal of Social Psychology 48 (5), S. 687-700. DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2361
Abstract: Previous findings regarding the relationship between emotional valence and psychological distance were mixed. The current research examined whether emotional intensity moderates the influence of emotional valence on psychological distance. We manipulated intensity and valence by asking participants to describe a positive or negative event from either a high intensity or low intensity perspective. Studies 1 and 2 revealed that negative events were perceived to be more distant than positive events in the low‐intensity condition in two distinct cultural groups. Study 3 further proved that the obtained patterns were generalizable to different emotions. Finally, Study 4 found that a reduced alert level, but not perceived threats, mediated the interactive effects of valence and intensity on psychological distance. This research highlights the importance of considering the joint effect of different dimensions of emotion, thus advancing the understanding of complex processes of emotion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): The Two-Systems Account of Theory of Mind: Testing the Links to Social- Perceptual and Cognitive Abilities. In: Frontiers in human neuroscience 12. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00025
DOI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5797799 Abstract: According to the two-systems account of theory of mind (ToM), understanding mental states of others involves both fast social-perceptual processes, as well as slower, reflexive cognitive operations (Frith and Frith, 2008; Apperly and Butterfill, 2009). To test the respective roles of specific abilities in either of these processes we administered 15 experimental procedures to a large sample of 343 participants, testing ability in face recognition and holistic perception, language, and reasoning. ToM was measured by a set of tasks requiring ability to track and to infer complex emotional and mental states of others from faces, eyes, spoken language, and prosody. We used structural equation modeling to test the relative strengths of a social-perceptual (face processing related) and reflexive-cognitive (language and reasoning related) path in predicting ToM ability. The two paths accounted for 58% of ToM variance, thus validating a general two-systems framework. Testing specific predictor paths revealed language and face recognition as strong and significant predictors of ToM. For reasoning, there were neither direct nor mediated effects, albeit reasoning was strongly associated with language. Holistic face perception also failed to show a direct link with ToM ability, while there was a mediated effect via face recognition. These results highlight the respective roles of face recognition and language for the social brain, and contribute closer empirical specification of the general two-systems account.
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(2018): Intuitive control of mobile robots: An architecture for autonomous adaptive dynamic behaviour integration. In: Cognitive Processing 19 (2), S. 245-264. DOI: 10.1007/s10339-017-0818-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-017-0818-5 Abstract: In this paper, we present a novel approach to human–robot control. Taking inspiration from behaviour-based robotics and self-organisation principles, we present an interfacing mechanism, with the ability to adapt both towards the user and the robotic morphology. The aim is for a transparent mechanism connecting user and robot, allowing for a seamless integration of control signals and robot behaviours. Instead of the user adapting to the interface and control paradigm, the proposed architecture allows the user to shape the control motifs in their way of preference, moving away from the case where the user has to read and understand an operation manual, or it has to learn to operate a specific device. Starting from a tabula rasa basis, the architecture is able to identify control patterns (behaviours) for the given robotic morphology and successfully merge them with control signals from the user, regardless of the input device used. The structural components of the interface are presented and assessed both individually and as a whole. Inherent properties of the architecture are presented and explained. At the same time, emergent properties are presented and investigated. As a whole, this paradigm of control is found to highlight the potential for a change in the paradigm of robotic control, and a new level in the taxonomy of human in the loop systems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): Social decisions and fairness change when people’s interests are represented by autonomous agents. In: Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 32 (1), S. 163-187. DOI: 10.1007/s10458-017-9376-6
Abstract: There has been growing interest on agents that represent people's interests or act on their behalf such as automated negotiators, self-driving cars, or drones. Even though people will interact often with others via these agent representatives, little is known about whether people's behavior changes when acting through these agents, when compared to direct interaction with others. Here we show that people's decisions will change in important ways because of these agents; specifically, we showed that interacting via agents is likely to lead people to behave more fairly, when compared to direct interaction with others. We argue this occurs because programming an agent leads people to adopt a broader perspective, consider the other side's position, and rely on social norms-such as fairness-to guide their decision making. To support this argument, we present four experiments: in Experiment 1 we show that people made fairer offers in the ultimatum and impunity games when interacting via agent representatives, when compared to direct interaction; in Experiment 2, participants were less likely to accept unfair offers in these games when agent representatives were involved; in Experiment 3, we show that the act of thinking about the decisions ahead of time-i.e., under the so-called "strategy method"-can also lead to increased fairness, even when no agents are involved; and, finally, in Experiment 4 we show that participants were less likely to reach an agreement with unfair counterparts in a negotiation setting. We discuss theoretical implications for our understanding of the nature of people's social behavior with agent representatives, as well as practical implications for the design of agents that have the potential to increase fairness in society.
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(2018) : Achieving Successful Aging in Assisted Living Facilities Through Person-Centered Services: 2018 15th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM): Location: Hangzhou, China, meeting date: July 21-22, 2018: 2018 15th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM): Hangzhou: 7/21/2018 - 7/22/2018. International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; Icsssm: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 1-5
Abstract: The population of the older adult in China has been continuously increasing at a high speed. It is estimated that in 2020, the population of people above 60 years old will account for 17.8 % of the total population of China in 2020, and 25% in 2030. Because of business opportunities brought by such increase, aging community, an important component of the aging services industry, has developed unprecedentedly these years. According to “Healthy China 2030 Plan” issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the State Council of China, a sound aging service system which benefits all the elderly people will be built in China in 2030. Thus, how to provide sound services in assisted living facilities to promote successful aging is an important social topic needing to be taken efforts on. This paper will discuss how to provide the aging people person-centered services, which means meeting their true needs. By constructing a theoretical model and investigating prior helpful experience, the paper proposes several practical suggestions for assisted living facilities on how to develop in China and how to achieve successful aging from the life-span perspective.
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(2018) : Expression of intention by rotational head movements for teleoperated mobile robot: 2018 IEEE 15th International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control (AMC): 2018 15th International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control (AMC): Tokyo: 3/9/2018 - 3/11/2018: [S.l.]: IEEE, S. 249-254
Abstract: We are studying a teleoperated mobile robot that provides useful information to a pedestrian. However, it is difficult for people to understand meanings of actions, motions or movements of many conventional robots. The purpose of this study is to improve pedestrian's impressions of a robot. Especially this paper describes people's understandability of robot behaviors when a robot turns around a corner or when a person and a robot pass each other in a corridor. Our robot shows its intention to make turn by rotating its head, as though a pedestrian shows a traveling direction by his/her gaze or face direction. The robot is teleoperated by an operator for safety in public spaces, and the direction of the robot head and the moving direction of the robot body are determined by an artificial potential field (APF) generated by a target position given by the operator, positions of obstacles and pedestrians. The APF for a pedestrian is generated based on her/his personal space of a person. Thus, the robot can express the intention of its action by rotating the head to look where it is going, when the robot changes its direction around pedestrians. The intention expression can be natural and understandable for them by the rotational movement of the head before the robot turns its body actually. Impression evaluation experiments with questionnaires were conducted under the two kinds of situations to reveal the validity and effectiveness of the intention expression by the robot's head rotation. Significant differences related to understandability and some impression words were observed between with and without rotating the head.
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(2018): An expanded model of the moral self. Beyond care and justice. In: Social science research 72, S. 1-19. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.02.004
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29609732 Abstract: Most research on moral identities conceptualizes morality exclusively in terms of care and justice, but work from across the social sciences indicates that these represent only a corner of the moral landscape. Emphasizing care and justice alone severely restricts the scope of moral identity models, and risks under-estimating the influence of moral self-processes. To address this, we develop and validate measures of moral identity focused on group loyalty, authority, and purity, three additional facets of morality highlighted in Moral Foundations Theory. Although the loyalty identity is remarkably similar to the care/justice identity, the authority and purity identities are distinct, and demonstrate adequate convergent, divergent, and nomological validity. These identities also predict a wide range of behaviors that traditional care/justice focused moral identities miss. Taken together, our work indicates that the moral self is more complex - and has a much wider scope of influence - than previously supposed.
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(2018): Grundfragen der Maschinenethik. 2., durchgesehene Auflage. Ditzingen: Reclam
Abstract: Maschinen werden immer selbständiger, autonomer, intelligenter. Ihr Vormarsch ist kaum mehr zu stoppen. Dabei geraten sie in Situationen, die moralische Entscheidungen verlangen. Doch können Maschinen überhaupt moralisch handeln, sind sie moralische Akteure – und dürfen sie das? Mit diesen und ähnlichen Fragen beschäftigt sich der völlig neue Ansatz der Maschinenethik. Catrin Misselhorn erläutert die Grundlagen dieser neuen Disziplin an der Schnittstelle von Philosophie, Informatik und Robotik sachkundig und verständlich, etwa am Beispiel von autonomen Waffensystemen, Pflegerobotern und autonomem Fahren: das grundlegende Buch für die neue Disziplin.