Alle Publikationen
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2011
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(2011) : Etiquette In Motivational Agents: Engaging Users And Developing Relationships In: Hayes, Caroline C.; Miller, Christopher Allan (Hg.): Human-computer etiquette: Cultural expectations and the design implications they place on computers and technology: Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, S. 205-230
Abstract: Micro-analysis of face-to-face interaction among humans can tell us a great deal about how to design etiquette into our human-machine interfaces in order to make them more intuitive, robust, and easy to use. Human protocols for conversational turn-taking, indicating understanding, marking emphasis, and displaying presumed relationship status, are but a few of the myriad verbal and nonverbal cues that can be observed in face-to-face interaction and incorporated into our systems. However, one of the most interesting-and challenging aspects of human interaction for both analysis and emulation is that the “rules of engagement”—that is, etiquette-expectations change frequently and ªuidly during a single encounter. A person must know if their interlocutor is engaging in serious talk, social chat, play, storytelling, or joke-telling to know how to interpret their behavior and to respond appropriately. In addition, these rules can also slowly evolve as a pair of interlocutors develops a relationship over time. is chapter will discuss these phenomena in human social interactions and their rami¤cations for developing human-like machine interfaces such as the animated health counselor shown in Figure 9.1. is work focuses on a particular type of application as a motivating example-the use of computerized animated counselors for long-term health behavior change interventions-and why at least some of the interaction styles that are e¢ective in this domain comprise rules of etiquette that would not be considered “nice” by Emily Post.
Keywords: Agent, Antworten im Rahmen einer Konversation, Art der Beziehung zum Interaktionspartner, Betonung, doppelter Treffer, Ernsthaftigkeit einer Situation, Erzählweise, Etikette, Etiquette as rules of expectation, Favoriten, Für spezifische Situationen festgelegte Verhaltensregeln, humor, Konversationskonventionen als Etikette-Erwartungen, Korrespondenz, Mensch oder Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Interaktion, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Mensch-Technische Systeme, Modelle, narrative, Plauderei, Prosody, Realtechnik, Signalisieren von Verstehen, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Sozial Intelligente Agenten, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Distanz, Soziale Robotik, Soziosensitive Systeme, Spiel, Sprachgebrauch, Sprechmelodie, Technik, Theorien, Turn-taking innerhalb der Konsersation, User, Volltreffer, Witze 1991
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(1991): Verbal, prosodic, and kinesic emotive contrasts in speech. In: Journal of Pragmatics 15 (6), S. 521-549. DOI: 10.1016/0378-2166(91)90110-J
Abstract: The signaling of logical relations between, and emotive reactions to, subjects in face-to-face speech are complexly interrelated processes, making it sometimes difficult to fully distinguish what people say from how they say it. Emotive communication, an aspect of the latter (style, rhetoric, speech strategy), may be viewed, following Stankiewicz (1964), as the culturally learned, cognitively mediated use of nonpropositional signals to express feelings, manage impressions, and reach goals in speech. The paper introduces some pragmatically relevant American English verbal, vocal, and kinesic emotive contrasts, e.g., shifts of verbal explicitness, verbal value-ladenness, verbal intensity, vocal emphasis, intonation, gaze, facial expression, body posture and so on, and discusses their functions in speech as signals of (un)assertiveness, (non)affiliation, and (un)involvement. Methodological and theoretical questions raised by the nondiscrete, gradient, ‘more/less’ nature of emotive contrasts are discussed, and some conventional cross-modal emotive strategies in American English are explained. The paper is at once an introduction to basic problems in the study of emotive communication, and an invitation to a synthesis of cognitive and emotive standpoints in pragmatic research on face-to-face speech.
Keywords: Ausdruck von (Nicht-)Zusammengehörigkeitsgefühl, Betonung, Blick / Gaze, Brown & Levinson, Disziplin, Emotive Kommunikation, Erste Welle, Favoriten, FTA Face Threatening Acts, Gestik/Mimik, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Höflichkeitsforschung der ersten Welle, (Im)Politeness Research, Klarheit/Eindeutigkeit der Ausdrucksweise, Körperhaltung, Linguistik, Modelle/Theorien, Politeness, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sprachgebrauch, Sprechmelodie/Prosody, Supportive Facework, Übermitteln von Gefühlen/Emotionen, Wortbedeutung
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