Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018) : Culture and peer relationships. In: Bukowski, William Michael; Laursen, Brett; Rubin, Kenneth H. (Hg.): Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups.: New York: Guilford Press, S. 552-570
Abstract: Over the past several decades, there has been increased interest in culture and children’s peer relationships. The findings from various research programs have clearly indicated that cultural contexts play a significant role in shaping children’s experiences in peer interactions and relationships. Cultural beliefs and values provide guidance for how peers judge and evaluate specific behaviors that children display in interactions. Social judgments and evaluations, in turn, serve to regulate children’s behaviors and eventually affect their developmental outcomes. In addition to social evaluation and regulation processes, culture determines, in part, the features and functions of dyadic and group relationships. In this chapter, we review and discuss the issues involved in the study of cultural diversity as it relates to peer interactions and relationships. The main theme of the chapter is the understanding of cultural involvement in the organization of peer relationsh ips. We first discuss various theoretical issues concerning cultural values, children’s social functioning, and peer relationships. Then we review the literature on children’s social behaviors in peer interactions in different cultural contexts. In the following sections, we review and discuss how cultural factors may be involved in determining the structural and functional features of friendships, peer groups, and popularity. Our chapter concludes with a discussion of future directions in the study of culture and peer relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 42
2017
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(2017): The Network Dynamics of Status. Assimilation and Selection. In: Social Forces 96 (1), S. 389-422. DOI: 10.1093/sf/sox040
Abstract: Using longitudinal data that we have collected on friendship and advice relations in a cohort of MBA students, we examine how status affects the dynamics of network ties among peers. Estimates of Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models (SAOMs) suggest that status is a consequence of network ties because over time the level of status attributed to individual students by other students tends to the average level of status attributed to their network partners-a phenomenon we call status assimilation. Status is also an antecedent to network ties because it affects partner selection decisions, giving rise to distinct forms of social attachment. We find that both network-based processes of status assimilation, as well as status-based processes of social selection, are present, but they vary subtly yet significantly across network domains. Students tend to the average level of status of their friends, but not to that of their advisors. High-status students are more active in the friendship network, but more popular in the advice network. We find evidence of performance homophily rather than status homophily: students with similar grades are more likely to exchange friendship and advice ties. High-status students tend to be more central in the advice network, but status attributions spill over through friendship, rather than advice relations. The study documents how the relation between social status and social networks varies both over time, as well as across network domains. The study also demonstrates the importance of accounting for multiplexity-the tendency of a network to operate through another.
Keywords: ADVICE, Bekanntheitsgrad, CENTRALITY, decision-making, Disziplin, EXCHANGE, Favoriten, friendship, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, INEQUALITY, MARKET, Modelle/Theorien, Netzwerk, Netzwerktheorien, ORGANIZATIONAL CHOICE, POWER, social importance dynamics, social networks, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziologie, Status, Status-zentriert 2016
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(2016): Social Anxiety and Socioemotional Functioning During Early Adolescence. The Mediating Role of Best Friend Emotion Socialization. In: The Journal of Early Adolescence 38 (2), S. 238-260. DOI: 10.1177/0272431616665212
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431616665212 Abstract: Best friend expected emotion socialization responses were examined as a potential explanation for the link between social anxiety and youths’ friendship quality and dysfunctional emotion regulation (ER). A community sample of 202 young adolescents ( Xage = 12.66; 52.5% girls, 75.7% White) within 101 same-sex, reciprocated best friend dyads completed measures of social anxiety, friendship quality, dysfunctional ER, and how they expected their friend to respond to their negative emotions. Social anxiety was related to lower expectations of support (i.e., reward, override) responses from friends, and for boys, to greater expectations of unsupportive (i.e., neglect, aggression) responses from friends. Lower expected support responses mediated the relation between social anxiety and socioemotional functioning for girls. For boys, greater expectations of unsupportive responses mediated the relation between social anxiety and socioemotional functioning. Findings indicate that social a nxiety may disrupt emotion socialization processes within adolescent friendships with implications for youth socioemotional functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 2
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(2016): Co-development of personality and friendships across the lifespan. An empirical review on selection and socialization. In: European Psychologist 21 (4), S. 254-273. Online verfügbar unter https://www.hogrefe.ch/produkte/zeitschriften/ep
Abstract: Changes in the co-development of personality characteristics and friendships across the lifespan are examined. How personality traits shape friendship development (i.e., selection effects) and how friendships shape personality traits (i.e., socialization effects) is adressed. By integrating separate empirical studies, The authors look at how selection and socialization effects change across the lifespan. A review of longitudinal research supports the hypothesis that selection effects on friendships intensify during adolescence, peak in young adulthood, and diminish throughout middle and late adulthood. Socialization effects through friendships seem to be moderately sized during adolescence, then small to negligible from young adulthood onwards. For future directions, effects of the transactional development of friendships and personality regarding associated dispositions within individuals, associated individuals within friendship dyads, and individuals associated within wider social networks are discussed. zitiert von 11
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(2016): Co-development of personality and friendships across the lifespan. An empirical review on selection and socialization. In: European Psychologist 21 (4), S. 254-273
Abstract: Changes in the co-development of personality characteristics and friendships across the lifespan are examined. How personality traits shape friendship development (i.e., selection effects) and how friendships shape personality traits (i.e., socialization effects) is adressed. By integrating separate empirical studies, The authors look at how selection and socialization effects change across the lifespan. A review of longitudinal research supports the hypothesis that selection effects on friendships intensify during adolescence, peak in young adulthood, and diminish throughout middle and late adulthood. Socialization effects through friendships seem to be moderately sized during adolescence, then small to negligible from young adulthood onwards. For future directions, effects of the transactional development of friendships and personality regarding associated dispositions within individuals, associated individuals within friendship dyads, and individuals associated within wider social networks are discussed. zitiert von 11
2011
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(2011): Does the measurement of peer deviance change the relationship between self-control and deviant behavior?. An analysis of friendship pairs. In: Journal of Criminal Justice 39 (6), S. 521-530. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2011.10.001
Abstract: Purpose: The measurement debate between social learning and self-control theories has predominantly focused on self-control, leaving an unexplored and equally important measurement controversy concerning the operationalization of the peer delinquency construct. This study addresses how self-control's relationship with deviant and criminal behavior changes when peer deviance is statistically controlled for using an indirect, perceptual measure or a self-report directly from a peer. Methods: Data from 796 friendship pairs are used to estimate a series of regression models that regress respondent deviance onto indirect and direct peer deviance and attitudinal and behavioral self-control measures while controlling for elements of the social bond and demographic characteristics. Results: When an indirect measure of peer delinquency is replaced with a direct measure from respondents’ friends, the relationships between self-control—attitudinal and behavioral measures—and deviance and criminal behavior are consistently larger. The use of a direct peer deviance measure does not prove the peer deviance-crime relationship spurious, but does substantially weaken the relationship between self-control and deviance and criminal behavior. Conclusions: The strength of the relationship between self-control and deviant/criminal behavior is contingent on how peer deviance is operationalized, regardless of how self-control is measured (attitudinally or behaviorally). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 28
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(2011) : Gender Issues In: Hauser, Stuart T.; Prinstein, Mitchell J. (Hg.): Encyclopedia of Adolescence: Burlington: Elsevier Science, S. 151-159
Abstract: Gender is an important social category that affects adolescents' lives in multiple ways. Gender identities and gender schemas shape the kinds of ideas and behaviors that adolescents may consider appropriate for themselves and others. Stereotyped beliefs may lead to sexism, including prejudiced attitudes and discriminatory behaviors. Gender-related variations during adolescence occur in academic achievement, athletic participation, sexuality, body image, dating relationships, friendship intimacy, and aggression.
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(2011): Understanding the Link Between Spatial Distance and Social Distance. In: Social Psychology 42 (3), S. 185-192. DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000062
Abstract: Why do people use spatial language to describe social relationships? In particular, to what extent do they anchor their thoughts about friendship in terms of space? Three experiments used drawing and estimation tasks to further explore the conceptual structure of social distance using friendship as a manipulation. In all three experiments, participants read short narratives and then drew what they imagined happened during the narrative and estimated passing time. Overall, the results of these exploratory studies suggest that the conceptual structure of friendship is linked to thought about space in terms of path drawing. Results are discussed in light of social distance and intercharacter interaction. zitiert von 33
2005
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(2005): Understanding and being understood. The impact of intelligence and dispositional valuations on social relationships.
Abstract: The current dissertation investigated the role of cognitive personality traits on the mutual understanding between interaction partners. For this purpose, main effects of intelligence and dispositional valuations were studied (n=1099). In addition, it was asked whether within-dyad personality differences affect mutual understanding and whether gifted individuals differ from a comparison group of university students in their level of social adjustment. Results indicated that individuals perceive a relation between the intelligence level of their interaction partners and the quality of their social relationships. However, such an effect could not be replicated with psychometric intelligence measures (with the exception of vocabulary). Second, the results of the current study did not support the contention that dyadic personality differences constrain communication quality. Third, it could be shown that the sample of gifted individuals was less well adjusted than the sample of college graduates. However, several indications were found that this was not due to their extremely high intelligence but to an oversampling of gifted individuals with adjustment problems. Together, the results showed that mutual understanding is an important factor in the development of close relationships. However, the limited impact of intelligence and dispositional valuations on the quality of dyadic interactions suggests that most people are able to cope with the demands of interpersonal interactions without having a high intelligence level. In addition, most conversation partners seem able to understand each other in spite of within-dyad personality differences.
Keywords: Comprehension, Dyaden, Dyads, Freundschaft, friendship, Gruppenverhalten, impact of intelligence & dispositional valuations on mutual comprehension in close social relationships, Intelligence, Intelligenz, Interpersonal Interaction, Interpersonale Interaktion, Intimacy, Intimität, perceived quality of relationship & dyadic interactions, Personal Values, Personality Traits, Persönliche Werte, Persönlichkeitsmerkmale, Social Perception & Cognition, Soziale Intelligenz, Soziale Wahrnehmung und soziale Kognition, Sozialpsychologie, Verständnis 1994
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(1994): Enhanced co-orientation in the perception of friends. A social relations analysis. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 67 (6), S. 1024-1033. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1024
Abstract: Newcomb's (1953) idea of co-orientation (interdependence between two persons' attitudes or perceptions) is used as a framework within which interpersonal perception between friends and acquaintances is examined. The principal question is whether co-orientation effects are stronger for friendship dyads than for acquaintance dyads. More specifically, the study examines the degree to which consensus, assimilation, self-other agreement, and assumed similarity differ. The social relations model is used to analyze a data set that included 16 living groups with 119 friend dyads and 1,668 acquaintance dyads. Results indicate that co-orientation effects are more pronounced in friendship dyads. The increment in co-orientation effects is largely due to similarities in the unique or idiosyncratic perceptions that people have of friendship pairs as well as the unique agreement about others that friends have with one another.
1992
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(1992): Fairness und Gerechtigkeit in entwicklungspsychologischer Perspektive
Abstract: Fairness und Gerechtigkeit werden in ihrer Bedeutung fur menschliches Handeln im Sport sowie fur die Gruppenerziehung diskutiert. Ausgehend von einer Skizze von Kohlbergs Theorie der Moralentwicklung werden zunachst Prinzipien und Probleme der Gruppenerziehung dargestellt. Daran anschliessend werden Uberlegungen zur Entwicklung intersubjektiver Perspektiven in der Adoleszenz vorgestellt, die in eine Theorie der Freundschaft munden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird das Verhaltnis von gelungenen Sozialbeziehungen und demokratischen Einstellungen erortert. Schliesslich wird versucht, einen der Philosophie entnommenen Begriff der Fairness mit gruppenpsychologischen Uberlegungen zu verbinden.
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