Alle Publikationen
2016
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(2016): Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. Sexism. Unter Mitarbeit von Julia C. Becker und Chris G.. Sibley. Second edition. Hove, UK: Psychology Press
Abstract: In this chapter, we first introduce the foundation of sexist beliefs: gender stereotypes. We then go on with presenting an overview of contemporary forms of sexism—with a strong focus on what are referred to in the research literature as 'benevolent sexist beliefs' (or the oft-employed acronym BS) and its negative consequences for women. Furthermore, we elaborate on sexism in romantic relationships in detail with a focus on the trade-off that it seems women may make in endorsing benevolent sexism in their romantic relationships and in broader social contexts (such as in the workplace). Finally, we outline direct and indirect consequences of sexism and introduce research on confronting and reducing sexism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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Nelson, Todd D. (2016): Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. Second edition. New York, NY; London: Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis Group
Abstract: "This handbook is an essential resource for students, instructors, and researchers in social and personality psychology, and an invaluable reference for academics and professionals in sociology, communication studies, gerontology, nursing, medicine, as well as government and policymakers and social service agencies. The Second Edition provides a full update of this comprehensive scholarly handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. This edition features new material on key issues such as political activism, economic polarization, minority stress, same-sex marriage laws, dehumanization, and mental health stigma, in addition to a timely update on how victims respond to discrimination and additional coverage of gender and race"--
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(2016): The relationship between wealth and loneliness among older people across Europe: Is social participation protective?. In: Preventive Medicine 91, S. 24-31
Abstract: Objective 1. Examine the relationship between household wealth, social participation and loneliness among older people across Europe. 2. Investigate whether relationships vary by type of social participation (charity/volunteer work, sports/social clubs, educational/training course, and political/community organisations) and gender. 3. Examine whether social participation moderates the association between wealth and loneliness. Methods Data (N= 29,795) were taken from the fifth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing …
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(2016): Corruption: instrumental conceptualisation. In: SOTSIOLOGICHESKIE ISSLEDOVANIYA (5)
Abstract: The paper is devoted to instrumental conceptualization of corruption, including classification of its forms and definition of institutional mechanism. It proposes an analysis of conceptual approaches to corruption and demonstrates major aspects of normative approach: value judgment of corruption as an unambiguously negative phenomenon; associating corruption with contempt of law or violation of moral and ethical standards; consideration of corruption as deviant behavior. Author emphasizes challenging issues and ambiguities of this approach. A rationalist approach to corruption, including economic approach, does not address value judgments or norms and standards, but describes in terms of functional assessment its symptoms and consequences. The paper counters the claim that corruption fulfils positive functions such as deregulation and overcoming bureaucratic barriers. The paper reveals a generalized mechanism of corruption: exceeding authority and violating official powers and duties regulations, including code of conduct and ethical standards, and (or) social behavioral, moral, and ethical norms, an official or an administrative organization illegitimately distributes and uses resources of the organization to gain personal or group benefits, not to implement the functions and objectives of the organization. The author proposes a new definition of "political corruption" and describes hierarchy system of types of political and economic corruption, where the "state capture" is at the top. The author also determins institutional mechanism of corruption in the sphere of public power, the essence of which lies in the various types of abuse of its resources. While conceptualizing corruption in public policy in an instrumental way, it is defined as an abuse, misuse of public power resources by a public official not for implementing functions of the state or providing social progress, but for obtaining undue preferences or deriving tangible or intangible personal or group benefits, including gaining advantages in favor of third parties.
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(2016): Social Choice in Machine Design. The Case of Automatically Controlled Machine Tools, and a Challenge for Labor. In: Politics & Society 8 (3-4), S. 313-347. DOI: 10.1177/003232927800800302
Abstract: It is time, it is imperative, that the labor movement as a whole begin to assume the responsibility for the design and deployment of technology-the organization of our shops, the structure of our jobs, the shape of our lives. For only by becoming self-reliant and assuming this responsibility can we regain the confidence to secure the power to exercise it.
Keywords: Design -
(2016): Social Robots. Boundaries, Potential, Challenges. First edition. London: Taylor and Francis (Emerging Technologies, Ethics and International Affairs)
Abstract: "Social robotics is a cutting edge research area gathering researchers and stakeholders from various disciplines and organizations. The transformational potential that these machines, in the form of, for example, caregiving, entertainment or partner robots, pose to our societies and to us as individuals seems to be limited by our technical limitations and phantasy alone. This collection contributes to the field of social robotics by exploring its boundaries from a philosophically informed standpoint. It constructively outlines central potentials and challenges and thereby also provides a stable fundament for further research of empirical, qualitative or methodological nature."--Provided by publisher.
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(2016): The Evolution of Guilt: A Model-Based Approach. In: Philosophy of Science 83 (5), S. 897-908. DOI: 10.1086/687873
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(2016): Obligation and Impersonality. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 46 (6), S. 604-623. DOI: 10.1177/0048393116649970
Abstract: Although sociologists conceive obligation as an objective force (the social) that compels individuals to act and think according to pre-defined norms of conduct and ways of reasoning, philosophers view it as an imperative that is met through the agent's deliberation. The aim of this article is to undermine the standard dichotomy between the deterministically sociological and the moral-philosophical views of obligation by way of contending that Wittgenstein's view on blind obedience (as analyzed by Meredith Williams) bears a conception of the social. I will then argue that Wittgenstein's notion of forms of life and the sociological notion of situation refer to the same encompassing phenomenon: obligation. I will finally claim that this phenomenon should be re-specified in terms of impersonality to devise a shared dynamic conception of obligation admitting that a plurality of contextual normative orders monitor collective and individual action in ordinary life.
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(2016): Mitigation of Interpersonal Conflicts. Politeness and Time Pressure. In: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 22 (10), S. 1035-1042. DOI: 10.1177/01461672962210007
Abstract: The prediction that behavioral politeness would evoke mitigating responses and compliance by the other participants was examined in a role-playing experiment. Seventy-three mala Japanese students verbally interacted with a confederate opponent, who expressed her unreasonable requests politely or impolitely. Participants were pressed to respond to the request either impolitely or after a 30-s delay. The effects of politeness were observed on compliance and on tactical dimensions; that is, participants more frequently complied with and gave more integrative and appeasing responses to the polite confederate than the impolite one. Time pressure was found to limit the effects of politeness only regarding the hostile-appeasing dimension of response.
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(2016) : Emotional Learning and Regulation in Social Situations In: Absher, John R.; Cloutier, Jasmin (Hg.): Neuroimaging personality, social cognition, and character: Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, S. 245-258
Abstract: Learning new, and regulating existing, emotional responses are two intimately connected survival functions that enable us to flexibly adapt in a constantly changing world. Basic and clinical research has long documented the behavioral effects of these functions in humans and other animals. Here, we survey recent developments in the research on the transmission of emotionally relevant information. In particular, we discuss experiments using behavioral and neurobiological methods to examine how fear and safety information is …
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(2016): Taboo Words and Using Euphemism with Regard to Death in Kazakh. In: MILLI FOLKLOR (109), S. 162-172
Abstract: The phenomenon of death like birth which of course is very important in human life has occupied human brain from the beginning to the present. Because of some religious and socio-psychological reasons, some words have been accepted as taboo and people have preferred using good words directly in a good way. instead of bad ones. As in all societies in which people consider death as disaster, Kazakh people have also considered the phenomenon of death as disaster. Because of this understanding and belief; Kazak people have created some good-meaning words instead of taboo words related to death. There are many examples in everyday language in Kazakhstan. As is well known, this kind of language use is called as euphemism. Euphemism is a good expression used in place of words or phrases that otherwise might be considered harsh or unpleasant to hear. People in Kazakhstan try to use words implicitly and good ones directly. By doing this they aim at picturing death as a good phenomenon. They also abstain from using directly bad words being reminiscent of death. They have soften and make acceptable the cold and scary face of death in the words. In this context, words about death have considerable number in Kazakh. The polite words in Kazakh such as hal / al ustinde, ant mezgili, habarsi, karate habar, estirtuv, konil aytuv, jubatuv, toktam aytuv, joktau, korisuv, konak ass, suyekke tusuv, aruvlav, soap tazaligi, songi saparga sigarip saluv, pidiya gurpi, etc. related to death are very important signs showing the mentality of Kazaks from the beginning of illness until the burial ceremony. These euphemistic words exhibit information about customs and traditions, religious beliefs, worldview, the rules and etiquette of Kazak Turks. At the same time, these kind of words and type of expressions have similarities with other Turkic and world societies. In this article, we try to examine the taboo words and its use in Kazakh with regard to death, and compare the types of euphemistic words of Kazakh with other nations' ones, too.
Keywords: time -
(2016): Touch forbidden, consumption allowed. Counter-intuitive effects of touch restrictions on customers’ purchase behavior. In: Food Quality and Preference 50, S. 1-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.12.011
Abstract: In-store events are increasingly used to provide customers with unique shopping experiences. Although recent studies indicate that such events positively influence customers' purchase intentions and store choice decisions, little is known about how customers respond to various in-store events. This paper investigates one type of in-store event that is frequently used in several food and non-food contexts. Specifically, the study investigates how an in-store product demonstration influences customers' subsequent purchase behavior depending on whether they are restricted or encouraged to touch the products being demonstrated. An initial scenario-based experiment involving 35 undergraduates aimed to examine how people intuitively think that restricting (versus encouraging) touch during an in-store product demonstration would influence their subsequent purchase behavior. A two-way ANOVA with participant gender and experimental condition as the between-subjects factors consistently showed that people hold a lay theory that restricting touch should have a negative impact on the amount of money they spend and the number of products they purchase. A second field experiment involving 126 customers in a retail store aimed to investigate whether this lay belief is consistent with customers' actual purchase behavior. Counter-intuitively, a two-way ANOVA with customer gender and experimental condition (touch restriction, touch encouragement) as the between-subjects factors revealed that restricting touch during an in-store product demonstration resulted in significantly more money being spent, a larger number of products being purchased, and more expensive products being purchased. These findings show that consumer lay theory can directly contradict customers' actual purchase behavior.
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(2016): When we enjoy bad news about other groups. A social identity approach to out-group schadenfreude. In: Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 21 (1), S. 214-232. DOI: 10.1177/1368430216663018
Abstract: Two studies investigate schadenfreude (pleasure at the misfortune of others) as an emotional response to news about out-group misfortunes in a political and consumer context by analyzing reactions of voters for opposition parties to the downfall of a Dutch coalition government (Study 1), and of BlackBerry users to negative news reports about Apple’s iPhone (Study 2). Consistent with social identity theory and intergroup emotion theory, both studies demonstrate that affective in-group identification increases schadenfreude reactions to news about an out-group’s misfortune, provided that this misfortune occurs in a domain of interest to news recipients. Additional findings show that this interaction effect attenuates when a misfortune instead befalls the in-group (Study 1) and is still observed when controlling for affective dispositions towards the out-group (Study 2). Moreover, results suggest that schadenfreude reactions strengthen subsequent intentions to share news about the out-group’s misfortune with others or to engage in negative word-of-mouth (Study 2). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 5
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(2016) : Robot reading human gaze: Why eye tracking is better than head tracking for human-robot collaboration: 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS): Daejeon, South Korea: IEEE Robotics & Automation Society, S. 5048-5054
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2016.7759741 Abstract: Robots are at the position to become our everyday companions in the near future. Still, many hurdles need to be cleared to achieve this goal. One of them is the fact that robots are still not able to perceive some important communication cues naturally used by humans, e.g. gaze. In the recent past, eye gaze in robot perception was substituted by its proxy, head orientation. Such an approach is still adopted in many applications today. In this paper we introduce performance improvements to an eye tracking system we previously developed and use it to explore if this approximation is appropriate. More precisely, we compare the impact of the use of eye- or head-based gaze estimation in a human robot interaction experiment with the iCub robot and naïve subjects. We find that the possibility to exploit the richer information carried by eye gaze has a significant impact on the interaction. As a result, our eye tracking system allows for a more efficient human-robot collaboration than a comparable head tracking approach, according to both quantitative measures and subjective evaluation by the human participants.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Cameras, communication cues, EYE GAZE, eye tracking system, eye-based gaze estimation, gaze tracking, Head, head orientation, head tracking, head-based gaze estimation, Human robot interaction, Humanoid Robots, human-robot collaboration, human-robot interaction, iCub robot, ieee xplore, Magnetic heads, performance improvements, pose estimation, quantitative measures, robot human gaze reading, Robot kinematics, robot perception, robot proxy, robot vision, Visualization -
(2016): Multiple Audiences as Text Stakeholders. A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Complex Rhetorical Situations. In: Argumentation 30 (4), S. 467-499. DOI: 10.1007/s10503-016-9394-6
Abstract: In public communication contexts, such as when a company announces the proposal for an important organizational change, argumentation typically involves multiple audiences, rather than a single and homogenous group, let alone an individual interlocutor. In such cases, an exhaustive and precise characterization of the audience structure is crucial both for the arguer, who needs to design an effective argumentative strategy, and for the external analyst, who aims at reconstructing such a strategic discourse. While the peculiar relevance of multiple audience is often emphasized in the argumentation literature and in rhetorical studies, proposals for modelling multi-audience argumentative situations remain scarce and unsystematic. To address this gap, we propose an analytical framework which integrates three conceptual constructs: (1) Rigotti and Rocci's notion of communicative activity type, understood as the implementation of an interaction scheme into a piece of institutional reality, named interaction field; (2) the stakeholder concept, originally developed in strategic management and public relations studies to refer to any actor who affects and/or is affected by the organizational actions and who, accordingly, carries an interest in them; (3) the concept of participant role as it emerges from Goffman's theory of conversation analysis and related linguistic and media studies. From this integration, we derive the notion of text stakeholder for referring to any organizational actor whose interest (stake) becomes an argumentative issue which the organizational text must account for in order to effectively achieve its communicative aim. The text stakeholder notion enables a more comprehensive reconstruction and characterization of multiple audience by eliciting the relevant participants staged in a text and identifying, for each of them, the interactional role they have, the peculiar interest they bear and the related argumentative issue they create. Considering as an illustrative case the defense document issued by a corporation against a hostile takeover attempt made by another corporation, we show how this framework can support the analysis of strategic maneuvering by better defining the audience demand and, so, better explaining how real arguers design and adapt their topical and presentational choices.
Keywords: breites Publikum, Communicative Activity Type nach Rigotti und Rocci, Goffman, Interaktionspartner, Kommunikation, Kommunikationswissenschaft, Konversationsanalyse, Öffentliche Darstellung, Öffentlicher vs. privater Raum, Öffentlichkeit, Publikumswirksamkeit, Rhetorik, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, stakeholder, Stakeholder Concept (of Communication), Strategien zur Erlangung von Sympathie, Theory of interaction (Goffman), Wissen um Normen -
(2016): Tweester at SemEval-2016 Task 4: Sentiment Analysis in Twitter Using Semantic-Affective Model Adaptation, S. 155-163
Abstract: We describe our submission to SemEval2016 Task 4: Sentiment Analysis in Twitter. The proposed system ranked first for the subtask B. Our system comprises of multiple independent models such as neural networks, semantic-affective models and topic modeling that are combined in a probabilistic way. The novelty of the system is the employment of a topic modeling approach in order to adapt the semantic-affective space for each tweet. In addition, significant enhancements were made in the main system dealing with the data preprocessing and feature extraction including the employment of word embeddings. Each model is used to predict a tweet’s sentiment (positive, negative or neutral) and a late fusion scheme is adopted for the final decision.
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(2016): Democracy online. Civility, politeness, and the democratic potential of online political discussion groups. In: New Media & Society 6 (2), S. 259-283. DOI: 10.1177/1461444804041444
Abstract: The proponents of cyberspace promise that online discourse will increase political participation and pave the road for a democratic utopia. This article explores the potential for civil discourse in cyberspace by examining the level of civility in 287 discussion threads in political newsgroups. While scholars often use civility and politeness interchangeably, this study argues that this conflation ignores the democratic merit of robust and heated discussion. Therefore, civility was defined in a broader sense, by identifying as civil behaviors that enhance democratic conversation. In support of this distinction, the study results revealed that most messages posted on political newsgroups were civil, and further suggested that because the absence of face-to-face communication fostered more heated discussion, cyberspace might actually promote Lyotard's vision of democratic emancipation through disagreement and anarchy (Lyotard, 1984). Thus, this study supported the internet's potential to revive the public sphere, provided that greater diversity and volume of discussion is present.
Keywords: civility im Kontrast zu politeness, cyberspace, Debattierhaftigkeit, Digitalisierung, Diskurs, doppelter Treffer, Good manners, Höflichkeit, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Internetportale/Blogs, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Politische Sphäre, Realtechnik, Situationsbedingter Kontext, social media, Soziale Angemessenheit, soziale Medien, Sprachgebrauch, Technik -
(2016): A Decomposable Attention Model for Natural Language Inference. Online verfügbar unter https://arxiv.org/pdf/1606.01933
Abstract: We propose a simple neural architecture for natural language inference. Our approach uses attention to decompose the problem into subproblems that can be solved separately, thus making it trivially parallelizable. On the Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) dataset, we obtain state-of-the-art results with almost an order of magnitude fewer parameters than previous work and without relying on any word-order information. Adding intra-sentence attention that takes a minimum amount of order into account yields further improvements.
Keywords: Computation and Language (cs.CL) -
(2016) : Mobile robot navigation for human-robot social interaction: 2016 16th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS): Gyeongju, Korea: IEEE, S. 1298-1303
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAS.2016.7832481 Abstract: Human social interactions are believed to be described by a mathematical model called the Social Force Model (SFM). A variety of mobile robot research has often used the SFM to generate an appropriate navigation behavior. However, to create a mobile robot that moves around in a human-populated environment in a socially acceptable way, it should be stressed that the social conventions are strictly obeyed. This paper proposes an extended SFM between humans and robots, called the Social Relationship Model (SRM), to enable mobile robots to generate navigation paths in a human-like manner. Simulation results show notable advantages of SRM over the Transition based Rapidly Random Tree (T-RRT) path planning algorithm. The proposed method ensures a socially acceptable robot path, one of the most important issues for human-robot symbiosis.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Collision avoidance, Force, human-populated environment, human-robot interaction, human-robot social interaction, Human-Robot Symbiosis, ieee xplore, Mathematical model, mobile robot navigation, Mobile robots, Navigation, path planning, service robot, SFM, social force model, social relationship model, SRM, Symbiosis, transition based rapidly random tree, trees (mathematics), T-RRT path planning algorithm -
(2016) : Nonverbal Communication☆ In: Stein, John: Reference module in neuroscience and biobehavioral psychology: Place of publication not identified: Elsevier
Abstract: Nonverbal communication involves the interchange of information and influence through contextual arrangements, static physical features, and ongoing nonverbal behavior. Nonverbal communication usually operates automatically and outside of awareness and, consequently, is highly efficient. It is pervasive in face-to-face interactions and in various forms of mediated communication. Biology, culture, gender, personality, and the environment combine to shape stable patterns of nonverbal communication. The utility of nonverbal communication is reflected in a number of different social functions, including providing information, regulating interaction, expressing intimacy, exercising influence, and managing impressions.
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(2016): The Effect of Request Form and Content on Constructing Obstacles to Compliance. In: Communication Research 24 (3), S. 261-290. DOI: 10.1177/009365097024003003
Abstract: In this article, we explore the degree to which the language used in a request affects both the way it is perceived and the refusals that it prompts. Accordingly, we conducted an experiment in which we manipulated the form and the content of date requests. Request forms that addressed an obstacle were perceived to be more conventional and more polite, and were met with more polite refusals than were request forms that did not specify an obstacle. Furthermore, when the request content included a specific time for the date, refusers generated more unstable obstacles than when no time was proposed. Conversely, time-ambiguous requests were met with more stable obstacles than were time-specific requests. Contrary to our expectations, the amount of face work in the discourse of a refusal was unaffected by request form and was marginally related to request content Implications for requesters and refusers are discussed.
Keywords: time -
(2016): Sex Differences in Judgments of Social Desirability. In: Journal of personality 84 (4), S. 423-432. DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12169
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25728192 Abstract: This study evaluates sex differences in the perceived desirability of personality behaviors and beliefs. Men and women (N = 149, Mage = 18.7) judged the social desirability scale values (SDSVs) of 150 personality statements as applied either to a male target or a female target. For comparison, some estimated SDSVs with no target sex specified. A separate sample of 537 respondents endorsed the 150 items via self-report. Raters showed a high consensus in their SDSV judgments within conditions (α = .86 to .90) and no sex-of-rater effects across conditions. Substantial sex-of-target effects (p < .001), however, revealed many behaviors that were viewed as desirable for one sex but not for the other. The behaviors seen as more (less) desirable when applied to men rather than to women were endorsed more (less) by men than by women in the respondent sample. Similar results were found when no target sex was specified for the SDSV ratings, presumably because judges evaluated the behaviors as applied to a target of their own sex. The present results have important implications for the measurement and reporting of SDSVs, the evaluation of substance versus style in self-reports, and the construction of desirability-reduced personality inventories.
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(2016): What it Takes to Successfully Implement Technology for Aging in Place: Focus Groups With Stakeholders. In: Journal of medical Internet research 18 (5). DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5253
DOI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4904824 Abstract: BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in empowering older adults to age in place by deploying various types of technology (ie, eHealth, ambient assisted living technology, smart home technology, and gerontechnology). However, initiatives aimed at implementing these technologies are complicated by the fact that multiple stakeholder groups are involved. Goals and motives of stakeholders may not always be transparent or aligned, yet research on convergent and divergent positions of stakeholders is scarce. OBJECTIVE To provide insight into the positions of stakeholder groups involved in the implementation of technology for aging in place by answering the following questions: What kind of technology do stakeholders see as relevant? What do stakeholders aim to achieve by implementing technology? What is needed to achieve successful implementations? METHODS Mono-disciplinary focus groups were conducted with participants (n=29) representing five groups of stakeholders: older adults (6/29, 21%), care professionals (7/29, 24%), managers within home care or social work organizations (5/29, 17%), technology designers and suppliers (6/29, 21%), and policy makers (5/29, 17%). Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Stakeholders considered 26 different types of technologies to be relevant for enabling independent living. Only 6 out of 26 (23%) types of technology were mentioned by all stakeholder groups. Care professionals mentioned fewer different types of technology than other groups. All stakeholder groups felt that the implementation of technology for aging in place can be considered a success when (1) older adults' needs and wishes are prioritized during development and deployment of the technology, (2) the technology is accepted by older adults, (3) the technology provides benefits to older adults, and (4) favorable prerequisites for the use of technology by older adults exist. While stakeholders seemed to have identical aims, several underlying differences emerged, for example, with regard to who should pay for the technology. Additionally, each stakeholder group mentioned specific steps that need to be taken to achieve successful implementation. Collectively, stakeholders felt that they need to take the leap (ie, change attitudes, change policies, and collaborate with other organizations); bridge the gap (ie, match technology with individuals and stimulate interdisciplinary education); facilitate technology for the masses (ie, work on products and research that support large-scale rollouts and train target groups on how to use technology); and take time to reflect (ie, evaluate use and outcomes). CONCLUSIONS Stakeholders largely agree on the direction in which they should be heading; however, they have different perspectives with regard to the technologies that can be employed and the work that is needed to implement them. Central to these issues seems to be the tailoring of technology or technologies to the specific needs of each community-dwelling older adult and the work that is needed by stakeholders to support this type of service delivery on a large scale.
Keywords: Administrative Personnel, Aged, Aging, Assistenz, Attitude of Health Personnel, Biomedical Technology/methods/trends, Caregivers/psychology, Delivery of Health Care/trends, Female, Focus Groups, Geriatrics/methods/trends, Goals, Home Care Services, Humans, Independent Living/trends, Male, Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion, Middle Aged, Needs Assessment, Social Workers/psychology, Telemedicine/trends -
(2016): Integrating social power into the decision-making of cognitive agents. In: Artificial Intelligence 241, S. 1-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.artint.2016.08.003
Abstract: Social power is a pervasive feature with acknowledged impact in a multitude of social processes. However, despite its importance, common approaches to social power interactions in multi-agent systems are rather simplistic and lack a full comprehensive view of the processes involved. In this work, we integrated a comprehensive model of social power dynamics into a cognitive agent architecture based on an operationalization of different bases of social power inspired by theoretical background research in social psychology. The model was implemented in an agent framework that was subsequently used to generate the behavior of virtual characters in an interactive virtual environment. We performed a user study to assess users' perceptions of the agents and found evidence supporting both the social power capabilities provided by the model and their value for the creation of believable and interesting scenarios. We expect that these advances and the collected evidence can be used to support the development of agent systems with an enriched capacity for social agent simulation.
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(2016): Programming machine ethics. Cham: Springer International Publishing (Studies in applied philosophy, epistemology and rational ethics)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29354-7 Abstract: This book addresses the fundamentals of machine ethics. It discusses abilities required for ethical machine reasoning and the programming features that enable them. It connects ethics, psychological ethical processes, and machine implemented procedures. From a technical point of view, the book uses logic programming and evolutionary game theory to model and link the individual and collective moral realms. It also reports on the results of experiments performed using several model implementations. Opening specific and promising inroads into the terra incognita of machine ethics, the authors define here new tools and describe a variety of program-tested moral applications and implemented systems. In addition, they provide alternative readings paths, allowing readers to best focus on their specific interests and to explore the concepts at different levels of detail. Mainly written for researchers in cognitive science, artificial intelligence, robotics, philosophy of technology and engineering of ethics, the book will also be of general interest to other academics, undergraduates in search of research topics, science journalists as well as science and society forums, legislators and military organizations concerned with machine ethics (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)