Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): Neural substrates of embodied natural beauty and social endowed beauty. An fMRI study. In: Scientific reports 7 (1). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07608-8
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28769082 Abstract: What are the neural mechanisms underlying beauty based on objective parameters and beauty based on subjective social construction? This study scanned participants with fMRI while they performed aesthetic judgments on concrete pictographs and abstract oracle bone scripts. Behavioral results showed both pictographs and oracle bone scripts were judged to be more beautiful when they referred to beautiful objects and positive social meanings, respectively. Imaging results revealed regions associated with perceptual, cognitive, emotional and reward processing were commonly activated both in beautiful judgments of pictographs and oracle bone scripts. Moreover, stronger activations of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and motor-related areas were found in beautiful judgments of pictographs, whereas beautiful judgments of oracle bone scripts were associated with putamen activity, implying stronger aesthetic experience and embodied approaching for beauty were elicited by the pictographs. In contrast, only visual processing areas were activated in the judgments of ugly pictographs and negative oracle bone scripts. Results provide evidence that the sense of beauty is triggered by two processes: one based on the objective parameters of stimuli (embodied natural beauty) and the other based on the subjective social construction (social endowed beauty).
Keywords: ACTIVATION, APPRAISAL, ATTRACTIVENESS, Attraktivität, beauty, Beeinflussung der Bewertung moralischer Urteile, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), BRAIN, CORTEX, Disziplin, Einfluss von ästhetischer Vorprägung/Erziehung, FACES, interdisziplinär, Kulturtheorie, LATERALIZATION, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, PAINTINGS, Psychologie, schönheit, Schönheit/Attraktivität, script, social endowered beauty, sozial konstruiert, soziale Konstruktion, SYMMETRY, VISUAL AESTHETIC PERCEPTION 2016
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(2016): The 'Conversation Partner' Phenomenon in the Dialogical I-Other Relationship. In: SSRN Electronic Journal. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2884743
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2884743 Abstract: Authors develop a new approach to the study of one's relationships with others, which focuses on the conditions and the effects of the dialogical nature of a person. Theoretical modeling, hermeneutics, qualitative and quantitative methods have been applied. The solution for identifying prerequisites of self-development and social positioning of a person that are rooted in dialogical I-Other relationships has been suggested. The originality of the paper is associated with describing the relation to the other as a reflexive I-Other relationship; with an elaborated model that highlights the variety of dimensions of I-Other relationships (between I and Other, I-in-Other, Other-in-Me, I-in-Myself) results in a truly dialogical mode of being; with revealing the potentials of a Conversation Partner in dialogical I-Other relationships (subjective interrelations and significance of Conversation Partners, their activity, fullness of the reflection of significant Conversation Partners); with a description of different hypostases of Conversation Partners (Real, Ideal, Secret, I as Myself) by the means of hermeneutics. The method called "My Conversation Partner" should also be mentioned, as well as the empirical study of existential and social resources of Conversation Partners. Theoretical background of the study was formed by the works of M.M. Bakhtin, M. Buber, M. Heidegger, J.-P. Sartre. E. Levinas, as well as by the works of modern psychologists such as G.M. Kuchinsky, A.V. Rossokhin, E.B. Starovoytenko, C.T. Brown & P.W. Keller, Hubert Hermans, F. Rivetti Barbo, etc. Results of the current research have shown that the potential of social adaptivity, affiliation, dominance, positive solitude, joy of solitude, freedom, self-transcendence, existential fulfillment is associated with the richness of one's Conversation Partners.
Keywords: adaptivity, Bakhtin, Barbo, Buber, C.T. Brown, Conversation Partner, dialogue, dimensions, Disziplin, existential resources, Heidegger, Hermans, hermeneutics, I - Other / Conversation Partner, Interaktion, interdisziplinär, I-Other relationship, Keller, Kuchinsky, Levinas, model, Personality, Philosophie, Psychologie, reflection, Rossokhin, Sartre, social adaptivity, social resources, Starovoytenko -
(2016): Accessible Robots for Improving Social Skills of Individuals with Autism. In: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research 6 (4). DOI: 10.1515/jaiscr-2016-0020
Abstract: This paper reports on an ongoing project between members of the computer science and special education departments of Bradley University and Murray State University, detailing the robotic platforms developed and investigated as a potential tool to improve social interactions among individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Development of a fourth generation robotic agent is described, which uses economically available robotic platforms (Lego NXT) as Socially Assistive Robotics (SAR), combined with direct instruction pedagogy and social scripts to support an alternative educational approach to teaching social behavior. Specifically, in this fourth generation, changes to the physical design of the robots were made to improve the maintainability, reliability, maneuverability, and aesthetics of the robots. The software architecture was designed for modularity, configurability, and reusability of the software.
Keywords: Assitive technology, Autism, Autism spectrum disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Interaktion, interdisziplinär, Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Pathologie, Realtechnik, robot teacher, script, Serviceroboter, Social robotic, Social Skills, Socially Assistive Robotics (SAR), Soziale Robotik, Soziosensitive Systeme, teaching social behaviour, Technik, Telemanipulation, Telerobotics 2015
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(2015): From participatory sense-making to language. There and back again. In: Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 14 (4), S. 1089-1125. DOI: 10.1007/s11097-014-9404-9
Abstract: The enactive approach to cognition distinctively emphasizes autonomy, adaptivity, agency, meaning, experience, and interaction. Taken together, these principles can provide the new sciences of language with a comprehensive philosophical framework: languaging as adaptive social sense-making. This is a refinement and advancement on Maturana's idea of languaging as a manner of living. Overcoming limitations in Maturana's initial formulation of languaging is one of three motivations for this paper. Another is to give a response to skeptics who challenge enactivism to connect "lower-level" sense-making with "higher-order" sophisticated moves like those commonly ascribed to language. Our primary goal is to contribute a positive story developed from the enactive account of social cognition, participatory sense-making. This concept is put into play in two different philosophical models, which respectively chronicle the logical and ontogenetic development of languaging as a particular form of social agency. Languaging emerges from the interplay of coordination and exploration inherent in the primordial tensions of participatory sense-making between individual and interactive norms; it is a practice that transcends the self-other boundary and enables agents to regulate self and other as well as interaction couplings. Linguistic sense-makers are those who negotiate interactive and internalized ways of meta-regulating the moment-to-moment activities of living and cognizing. Sense-makers in enlanguaged environments incorporate sensitivities, roles, and powers into their unique yet intelligible linguistic bodies. We dissolve the problematic dichotomies of high/low, online/offline, and linguistic/nonlinguistic cognition, and we provide new boundary criteria for specifying languaging as a prevalent kind of human social sense-making.
Keywords: Dialectical expansion model, Disziplin, enactive model of cognition and social sense-making/agency, Interaktion, interdisziplinär, Linguistic bodies, Linguistic sensitivities and powers, Normen, Participatory sense-making, Philosophie, Sinnzuweisung, social interaction, soziale Kognition, Wheel of languaging -
(2015): Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Im/politeness. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Abstract: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Im/politeness brings together the work of linguists, psychologists, neuroscientists, and second language experts in order to provide readers with a snapshot of the possibilities for studying im/politeness in the 21st century. The volume is organized along methodological lines in three parts each preceded by a brief introduction outlining the evolution and advantages and disadvantages of the relevant methodologies, while a specially commissioned epilogue places the volume in the field as a whole. Part I is dedicated to self-reporting studies, Part II covers observational studies, and Part III introduces experimental studies. A central goal of the present collection is to make a case for the relevance of all these types of data and of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies to the ongoing theoretical debates in the field of im/politeness.
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(2015): From honeybees to robots and back. Division of labour based on partitioning social inhibition. In: Bioinspiration & biomimetics 10 (6). DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/10/6/066005
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26501169 Abstract: In this paper, a distributed adaptive partitioning algorithm inspired by division of labor in honeybees is investigated for its applicability in a swarm of underwater robots in one hand and is qualitatively compared with the behavior of honeybee colonies on the other hand. The algorithm, partitioning social inhibition (PSI), is based on local interactions and uses a simple logic inspired from age-polyethism and task allocation in honeybee colonies. The algorithm is analyzed in simulation and is successfully applied here to partition a swarm of underwater robots into groups demonstrating its adaptivity to changes and applicability in real world systems. In a turn towards the inspiration origins of the algorithm, three honeybee colonies are then studied for age-polyethism behaviors and the results are contrasted with a simulated swarm running the PSI algorithm. Similar effects are detected in both the biological and simulated swarms suggesting biological plausibility of the mechanisms employed by the artificial system.
Keywords: Algorithms, Animal Machine, Animals, Bees/physiology, Behavior, Animal/physiology, Biomimetics/instrumentation/methods, Cooperative Behavior, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Feeding Behavior/physiology, Inhibition (Psychology), interdisziplinär, Partitioning Social Inhibition (PSI), Robotics/instrumentation/methods, Social Behavior 2012
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(2012): Service robots on their way? First steps of an interdisciplinary technology assessment. In: Poiesis & Praxis: International Journal of Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment 9 (3-4), S. 177-180. DOI: 10.1007/s10202-012-0112-7
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23226993 Abstract: Therefore, framing the problems and developing research questions out of it becomes the key for any interdisciplinary project (Decker 2001). For the interdisciplinary TA project on service robotics, to which the papers of this focus contribute, the problem setting and the identification of the relevant disciplines were described elsewhere (Decker et al. 2011; Decker 2012). Since the project aims for a TA of service robotics on a general level (even though referring to case studies for illustration), the relevant disciplines include economics, ethics, jurisprudence and psychology of work. While the first three are traditionally part of an interdisciplinary TA, the latter one is crucial in the context of replacing human beings in their service work environments.
2011
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(2011): Service robotics. Do you know your new companion? Framing an interdisciplinary technology assessment. In: Poiesis & Praxis: International Journal of Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment 8 (1), S. 25-44. DOI: 10.1007/s10202-011-0098-6
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22162963 Abstract: Service-Robotic - mainly defined as "non-industrial robotics" - is identified as the next economical success story to be expected after robots have been ubiquitously implemented into industrial production lines. Under the heading of service-robotic, we found a widespread area of applications reaching from robotics in agriculture and in the public transportation system to service robots applied in private homes. We propose for our interdisciplinary perspective of technology assessment to take the human user/worker as common focus. In some cases, the user/worker is the effective subject acting by means of and in cooperation with a service robot; in other cases, the user/worker might become a pure object of the respective robotic system, for example, as a patient in a hospital. In this paper, we present a comprehensive interdisciplinary framework, which allows us to scrutinize some of the most relevant applications of service robotics; we propose to combine technical, economical, legal, philosophical/ethical, and psychological perspectives in order to design a thorough and comprehensive expert-based technology assessment. This allows us to understand the potentials as well as the limits and even the threats connected with the ongoing and the planned implementation of service robots into human lifeworld-particularly of those technical systems displaying increasing grades of autonomy.
Keywords: deutsche Community, Disziplin, Humanoid Robot Robot System Industrial Robot Service Robot Driver Assistance System, interdisziplinär, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Realtechnik, service robot, Serviceroboter, Soziale Robotik, Technik, Technikfolgenabschätzung, Zeitschrift: poiesis & praxis
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