Alle Publikationen
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2013
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Aylett, Ruth; Krenn, Brigitte; Pelachaud, Catherine; Shimodaira, Hiroshi (Hg.) (2013): Intelligent Virtual Agents. 13th International Conference IVA 2013 Proceedings. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer
2010
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(2010): Avoiding twisted pixels. Ethical guidelines for the appropriate use and manipulation of scientific digital images. In: Science and engineering ethics 16 (4), S. 639-667. DOI: 10.1007/s11948-010-9201-y
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20567932 Abstract: Digital imaging has provided scientists with new opportunities to acquire and manipulate data using techniques that were difficult or impossible to employ in the past. Because digital images are easier to manipulate than film images, new problems have emerged. One growing concern in the scientific community is that digital images are not being handled with sufficient care. The problem is twofold: (1) the very small, yet troubling, number of intentional falsifications that have been identified, and (2) the more common unintentional, inappropriate manipulation of images for publication. Journals and professional societies have begun to address the issue with specific digital imaging guidelines. Unfortunately, the guidelines provided often do not come with instructions to explain their importance. Thus they deal with what should or should not be done, but not the associated 'why' that is required for understanding the rules. This article proposes 12 guidelines for scientific digital image manipulation and discusses the technical reasons behind these guidelines. These guidelines can be incorporated into lab meetings and graduate student training in order to provoke discussion and begin to bring an end to the culture of "data beautification".
Keywords: Absichtslosigkeit (Fehler), Codes of Ethics, Data Compression/ethics, Elektronische Bildverarbeitung, Ethics, Research, Ethik, Guidelines as Topic, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/ethics, Intentionalität, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Nachvollziehbarkeit des Sinns von Regeln/Anweisungen etc., Photography/ethics, Realtechnik, Science/ethics, Scientific Misconduct, Technik 2001
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(2001): Mistakes as a Social Construct. An Historical Approach. In: Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 11 (2), S. 117-133. DOI: 10.1353/ken.2001.0016
Abstract: The Institute of Medicine (IOM) published To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System in November 1999. The report focused public attention on the errors that occur within the medical system that cause death and harm to patients. It outlined a series of changes for health care that are aimed at reducing these errors by 50 percent over the next five years. This paper examines the problem of medical mistakes historically. It documents how legal, scientific, and medical trends during the years 1890-1934 intersected to effect the reporting of mistakes in the subspecialty of neurosurgery. At the start of this time frame, mistakes were reported openly in journal articles as an educational tool. By its end, however, mistakes had gone "underground" and were buried amid a more objective, scientific reporting system. Using this historical perspective as a baseline, the paper concludes by re-examining the IOM's suggestions for change and comments on what they mean for the culture of medicine.
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