Alle Publikationen
2012
-
IET Seminar on Assisted Living 2011. 6 April 2011 (2012). IET Seminar on Assisted Living 2011. London, UK, 6 April 2011. Stevenage, England: IET
-
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems. AAMAS 12 (2012). Richland: International Foundation for Autonomous Agent and Multiagent Systems
-
(2012): Network theory applied to linguisitics: new advances in language classification and typology. Bielefeld: Bielefeld University. Online verfügbar unter https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2538828
-
(2012): Moral professionalism in interaction. Educators’ relational moral voices in urban schools. In: Journal of Moral Education 41 (1), S. 143-145. DOI: 10.1080/03057240.2012.661551
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2012.661551 Abstract: Reviews the book, Moral Professionalism in Interaction: Educators’ Relational Moral Voices in Urban Schools by Eija Hanhimäki (2011). The main aim of the study presented in this book is to explore principals’ relational moral voices, their moral professionalism, and moral practices in four urban schools in Finland. Another main aim is to examine teachers’ voices in these schools as they identify critical incidents in their work that produce ethical reflection and moral emotions. After a brief introduction the book begins with a literature review on moral professionalism in education. It includes subchapters on moral and professional dimensions in education, professional ethics and the practice of education in schools, leadership and principals in urban schools, and educators’ moral professionalism as reflected in narratives. The important role of educators as moral professionals is made explicit. This book makes an important contribution as it draws attention to the impo rtance of moral professionalism in interactions at school. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Moral, Morality, Narratives, Pädagogische Psychologie, Professional ethics, Professionalism, Review, Teachers -
(2012): When consumers care about being treated fairly. The interaction of relationship norms and fairness norms. In: Journal of Consumer Psychology 22 (1), S. 114-127. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcps.2011.11.009
Abstract: Prior research suggests that people assess overall fairness of an event by focusing on the distribution of the final outcome (distributive fairness) and on how they are treated by others during the conflict resolution process (interactional fairness). The primary goal of this work is to use a social relationship framework to study differences in consumers' responses to interactional fairness as revealed by their evaluations of a brand. Two types of relationships are examined—exchange relationships in which benefits are given to get something back in return; and communal relationships in which benefits are given to take care of others' needs. Results of two studies suggest that the type of consumers' relationship with the brand moderates the effect of interactional fairness such that consumers who have a communal relationship are more responsive to interactional fairness under conditions of low distributive fairness while those who have an exchange relationship are more responsive under conditions of high distributive fairness.
-
(2012) : Appropriate emotions for facial expressions of 33-DOFs android head EveR-4 H33: 2012 IEEE RO-MAN: The 21st IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Paris, France: IEEE, S. 1115-1120
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2012.6343898 Abstract: There are many theories about basic emotions, and we do not know which emotions are appropriate to use. Also, faces of robots are designed differently and require different ways to embody emotional expressions. Therefore, in this paper we address the appropriate emotions for facial expressions of EveR-4 H33, which is controlled by thirty-three motors for head system. EveR-4 H33 displays her facial expressions for certain emotions selected from typical basic emotion theories. Then, audiences at an exhibition evaluate her facial expressions, by enjoying a game of emotional correction. We analyze the results of the game, and decide appropriate emotions for EveR-4 H33.
-
(2012): Mind Scripting. In: Science, Technology, & Human Values 37 (6), S. 684-707. DOI: 10.1177/0162243911401633
Abstract: The interventionist turn in science and technology studies (STS) increasingly involves researchers with practices of technology development and thus entails the need for appropriate methodologies. Based in software engineering, this article introduces the deconstructive technique of "mind scripting" as a method for analyzing processes of the co-materialization of gender and technology and as a tool to support cooperative, reflective work practices. Anchored in critical design approaches, "mind scripting" is a means for development teams to disclose discourses implicitly guiding work practices in order to make negotiable the underlying value systems. After discussing its foundation in deconstructivist feminist theory, the author illustrates how the method is applied by drawing on selected empirical results. Generating insights into the reproduction of hegemonic social discourses in development processes, "mind scripting" enables the rethinking of established ways of doing.
-
(2012): Macht und Führung. In: Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung 43 (2), S. 189-204. DOI: 10.1007/s11612-012-0177-8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11612-012-0177-8 Abstract: The article highlights the relation between leadership and power in organizations. Paradoxes and dilemmas related to the power endowment of the leadership role are analyzed from a systems-theory perspective. The article closes with recommendations for the shaping of the supervisor role. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 3
-
(2012): A status-enhancement account of overconfidence. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 103 (4), S. 718-735. DOI: 10.1037/a0029395
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22800286 Abstract: In explaining the prevalence of the overconfident belief that one is better than others, prior work has focused on the motive to maintain high self-esteem, abetted by biases in attention, memory, and cognition. An additional possibility is that overconfidence enhances the person's social status. We tested this status-enhancing account of overconfidence in 6 studies. Studies 1-3 found that overconfidence leads to higher social status in both short- and longer-term groups, using naturalistic and experimental designs. Study 4 applied a Brunswikian lens analysis (Brunswik, 1956) and found that overconfidence leads to a behavioral signature that makes the individual appear competent to others. Studies 5 and 6 measured and experimentally manipulated the desire for status and found that the status motive promotes overconfidence. Together, these studies suggest that people might so often believe they are better than others because it helps them achieve higher social status.
-
(2012): Epistemic Justice as a Virtue of Social Institutions. In: Social Epistemology 26 (2), S. 163-173. DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2011.652211
Abstract: In Epistemic injustice, Miranda Fricker makes a tremendous contribution to theorizing the intersection of social epistemology with theories of justice. Theories of justice often take as their object of assessment either interpersonal transactions (specific exchanges between persons) or particular institutions. They may also take a more comprehensive perspective in assessing systems of institutions. This systemic perspective may enable control of the cumulative effects of millions of individual transactions that cannot be controlled at the individual or institutional levels. This is true not only with respect to the overall distribution of such goods as income and wealth, but also with respect to the goods of testimonial and hermeneutical justice. Cognitive biases that may be difficult for even epistemically virtuous individuals to correct on their own may be more susceptible to correction if we focus on the principles that should govern our systems of testimonial gathering and assessment. Hence, while Fricker's focus on individual epistemic virtue is important, we also need to consider what epistemic justice as a virtue of social systems would require. My paper will indicate some directions forward on this front, focusing on the need for integration of diverse institutions and persons engaged in inquiry.
-
(2012): Managing disagreement in problem solving meeting talk. In: Journal of Pragmatics 44 (12), S. 1565-1579. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2012.06.010
Abstract: Problem solving (PbS) talk has been associated with disagreement and conflict as interactants oppose each other's views and express diverse opinions. Although disagreement and conflict have been regarded in earlier work as potentially negative acts more recent work points to the importance of context and local practices instead of a priori categorizations of what the interactants perceive as un/acceptable linguistic behaviour. The paper draws on data from two projects on workplace discourse, one focusing on multinational companies situated in Europe and one on small/medium firms (SMEs). The dataset consists of recordings of meetings, ethnographic observations and interviews. The analysis of the data shows that 'deviating opinions' are not only 'acceptable' but also unmarked and they form an inherent part of the PbS process. At the same time linguistic behaviour perceived as face threatening or intentionally impolite is typically rare. The paper closes by drawing a theoretical distinction between marked and unmarked disagreement. The latter is perceived as task bound and does not pose a threat to the management of the meeting participants' complex identities and relationships.
Keywords: time -
(2012): Theorising disagreement. In: Journal of Pragmatics 44 (12), S. 1549-1553. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2012.06.011
Abstract: This collection of papers on disagreement adds new theoretical and methodological insights. It brings together interest in opposition in discourse with research on relational issues, traditionally discussed in work on identity construction and im/politeness research. We propose that the following observations in an attempt to systematically approach the understanding of disagreement: a) expressing opposing views is an everyday phenomenon; b) certain practices are prone to contain disagreement so that this speech act is expected rather than the exception; for example, they are in fact a sine qua non in decision making and problem solving talk in either ever day or professional contexts; other practices and contexts are less tolerant of the expression of disagreement; c) disagreeing cannot be seen as an a priori negative act; communities and groups of people have developed different norms over time which influence how disagreement is perceived and enacted; d) as in all language usage, the ways in which disagreement is expressed - and not only its occurrence per se will have an impact on relational issues (face-aggravating, face-maintaining, face-enhancing); at the same time, expectations about how disagreement is valued in a particular practice will influence what forms participants choose. Against this backdrop, the aim of this special issue is to revisit the existing body of research on disagreement and to probe further in a variety of contexts in five papers and an epilogue to contribute to the debate of the impact of the context/medium on the interaction, the role of im/politeness in disagreements, the notion of 'appropriateness' in talk and the theorising of disagreement in general.
-
(2012): Telling people what to do (and, sometimes, why). Contingency, entitlement and explanation in staff requests to adults with intellectual impairments. In: Journal of Pragmatics 44 (6-7), S. 876-889. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2012.03.014
Abstract: How do support staff resolve the interactional dilemma of getting their clients to do things, while respecting their independence? In a corpus of over 200 everyday requests made by residential home staff to adults with an intellectual impairment, the staff tended to use formats which claimed high entitlement to be obeyed, and made little acknowledgement of the contingencies facing their interlocutors. Bald imperatives were overwhelmingly the most common format used. The findings suggest that staff resolve the dilemma of care and control mostly in favour of getting jobs done, at the expense of residents' potential trouble in fulfilling their requests. In the rare cases where requests were accompanied by explanations, these legitimised the staff member's entitlement, or showed their awareness of the contingencies that could affect the resident's response: this provides useful evidence of the reality of these categories to the participants. We discuss three factors that might influence the degree of directiveness in the request: the physical immediacy of the action; a prior fault; and an obligation of the requester to instruct and socialise.
Keywords: POWER -
(2012): Electronic Mail Communication in Health Care. Do Old Fashioned Decorum and Style Still Matter?. In: WORLD NEUROSURGERY 78 (3-4), S. 194-197
Abstract: Electronic mail (e-mail) has dramatically altered human communication and has had a profound impact on how health care professionals interact. Until recently, written letters were integral to patient-physician and physician-physicianrelationships(4).The“art”and rules of writing professional letters were once rigorously taught at almost all levels of education
Keywords: Art des Kommunikationsmediums, decorum, doppelter Treffer, Email, Höflichkeit, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Interaktion, Kommunikation, Medizin, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Realtechnik, Rolle (Beruf), Situationsbedingter Kontext, Soziale Angemessenheit, Technik, Umgangsformen, Wandel von Normen -
(2012): Moral Decision Making in Autonomous Systems: Enforcement, Moral Emotions, Dignity, Trust, and Deception. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 100 (3), S. 571-589. DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2011.2173265
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2011.2173265 Abstract: As humans are being progressively pushed further downstream in the decision-making process of autonomous systems, the need arises to ensure that moral standards, however defined, are adhered to by these robotic artifacts. While meaningful inroads have been made in this area regarding the use of ethical lethal military robots, including work by our laboratory, these needs transcend the warfighting domain and are pervasive, extending to eldercare, robot nannies, and other forms of service and entertainment robotic platforms. This paper presents an overview of the spectrum and specter of ethical issues raised by the advent of these systems, and various technical results obtained to date by our research group, geared towards managing ethical behavior in autonomous robots in relation to humanity. This includes: 1) the use of an ethical governor capable of restricting robotic behavior to predefined social norms; 2) an ethical adaptor which draws upon the moral emotions to allow a system to constructively and proactively modify its behavior based on the consequences of its actions; 3) the development of models of robotic trust in humans and its dual, deception, drawing on psychological models of interdependence theory; and 4) concluding with an approach towards the maintenance of dignity in human-robot relationships.
Keywords: Adaptation models, Autonomic systems, autonomous robots, autonomous systems, Behavioral science, Decision Making, entertainment robotic platforms, ethical adaptor, ethical aspects, ethical governor, ethical issues, ethical lethal military robots, Ethics, Human Computer Interaction, Human Factors, human-robot relationships, ieee xplore, Moral & Ethik, moral decision making, Moral emotions, Robot Ethics, robot nannies, robotic artifacts, Robots, service robot, Social implications of technology, unmanned systems -
(2012) : Emotions in Robots In: Chowdhry, Bhawani Shankar; Shaikh, Faisal Karim; Akbar Hussain, Dil Muhammad; Aslam Uqaili, Muhammad (Hg.): Emerging Trends and Applications in Information Communication Technologies: Second International Conference, IMTIC 2012, Jamshoro, Pakistan, March 28-30, 2012. Proceedings, 281: New York: Springer (Communications in Computer and Information Science Ser), S. 144-153
-
(2012): Reclaiming our moral agency through healing. A call to moral, social, environmental activists. In: Journal of Moral Education 41 (3), S. 311-327. DOI: 10.1080/03057240.2012.691628
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2012.691628 Abstract: This paper makes the case that environmental education needs to be taken up as a moral education to the extent that we see the connection between harm and destruction in the environment and harm and destruction within human individuals and their relationship, and proceeds to show this connection by introducing the key notion of human alienation and its psychological factors of wounding, dissociation or split, self and other oppression and exploitation, all of which result in compromised moral agency. To this end, the paper further … zitiert von: 17
-
(2012): Web 2.0 Technologies of the Self. In: Philosophy & Technology 25 (3), S. 399-413. DOI: 10.1007/s13347-011-0032-9
Abstract: Although no scholarly consensus exists on the issue, the claim that a substantive reconfiguration of the Internet has occurred in the beginning of the 2000s has settled firmly in public common sense. The label tentatively chosen for the new turn in the medium’s evolution is Web 2.0. The developments constituting this turn have been contemplated from different perspectives in technical and business publications (O’Reilly 2005), in treatises on “convergence” or “participatory” culture (Jenkins 2006; Jenkins et al. 2009), and could be usefully interrogated by means of political economy concepts such as the “social factory” and “free labor” (Terranova 2004). Marked, or rather symbolically constructed, by these discursive pickets lies a field of practice that the members of the participatory culture, the “produsers” (Bruns 2008) of open journalism, blogs, social networking sites and other characteristic Web 2.0 applications inhabit and animate with their everyday thought, decision making and action. This paper undertakes a theoretical exploration of the user practices emerging and consolidating around the new technological and organizational models making up Web 2.0. It is informed by a qualitative study of bloggers and Facebook users conducted through focus group methodology, although the concrete empirical data are not presented here. Rather, the analysis employs the concept of “technologies of the self” by Foucault (1988) as a heuristic device in order to situate Web 2.0 use, first, in a long history of culturally evolved forms of self-constitution and, second, in a complex matrix of relationships with other types of technologies, namely, those of production, sign systems and power. This conceptual choice, we argue, furnishes a study of Web 2.0 use, which holds in balance its liberatory potential and its susceptibility to new forms of domination, rationalization and commodification.
Keywords: Anerkennung, Art des Kommunikationsmediums, Blogs, critical Theory, Disziplin, Foucault, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Konstruktion des Selbst, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Philosophie, (post)strukturalistische Ansätze, Reflexionen über MTR, Selbst, Social networking sites, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sozialphilosophie, Technologies of the self, Web 2.0, Zeitschrift: Philosophy and Technology -
Bax, Marcel; Kádár, Dániel Z. (Hg.) (2012): Understanding historical (im)politeness. Relational linguistic practice over time and across cultures. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co (Benjamins Current Topics)
DOI: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/uniregensburg/Doc?id=10613337 Abstract: Exploring a largely uncharted territory of cultural history and linguistic ethnography, Understanding Historical (Im)Politeness offers in-depth analyses and perceptive interpretations of the conveyance of social-relational meaning in times (long) past and across historical cultures. A collection of essays from the pens of authoritative historical (pragma)-linguistics researchers, the volume examines the forms and functions of historical (im)politeness, varying from single utterances and act sequences to fully-fledged (im)polite speech encounters and genres, with a focus on their period- and culture-bound appraisal. What is more, the book sheds light on what is still very dimly seen: diachronic trends in ‘relational work’ and the cultural-societal factors behind patterns of sociopragmatic change. The volume reviews theoretical concepts, methods and analytical approaches to improve our present-day understanding of the historical understanding of relational practices of the distant as well as the more recent past. Since it includes newly established themes and positions and breaks new ground, this collection furthers considerably the field of historical (im)politeness research. [This paper is intended as an overall template of the evolution of (im)politeness. It elucidates how (linguistic) rapport management originated and developed over time, and tries to come to grips with (some of) the sociocultural factors behind such changes. Taking its point of departure in human prehistory (Section?1), the paper argues that, contrary to received wisdom, politeness and impoliteness are not two sides of the same coin (Section?2), and it discusses the dissimilar evolutionary antecedents of politeness and impoliteness (Sections 3 and 4). The paper then maps out three broad-scale di Includes bibliographical references and index]
-
(2012): Reducing Endorsement of Benevolent and Modern Sexist Beliefs. In: Social Psychology 43 (3), S. 127-137. DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000091
Abstract: In two experiments, the present research identifies basic mechanisms for reducing endorsement of benevolent and modern sexist beliefs. Responses to attitudinal measures and a collective action measure on policy beliefs in Study 1 (N = 164) as well as to dating profiles in Study 1 and Study 2 (N = 159) support the hypothesis that endorsement of benevolent sexist beliefs can be reduced by providing information about its harmful consequences. Moreover, women and men become more aware of the full scope of gender discrimination and reduce their endorsement of modern sexist beliefs when they are provided with information about the harmful nature and pervasiveness of benevolent sexism. Theoretical implications regarding the linkage between benevolent and modern sexist beliefs and practical implications for reducing sexism are discussed.
-
(2012): Surprising connections between knowledge and action. The robustness of the epistemic side-effect effect. In: Philosophical Psychology 25 (5), S. 689-715. DOI: 10.1080/09515089.2011.622439
-
Beetz, Manfred (2012): Rhetorik und Höflichkeit. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter
-
(2012): Was heißt sprechen?. Die Ökonomie des sprachlichen Tausches. 2., erw. u. überarb. Aufl., unveränd. Nachdr. d. 2. Aufl., Wien Braumüller, 2005. Wien: New Academic Press
Abstract: Der Diskurs ist nicht nur eine Botschaft, die entziffert werden soll; er ist auch ein Produkt, das wir der Bewertung durch die anderen aussetzen und dessen Wert sich im Verhältnis zu anderen selteneren oder alltäglichen Produkten definiert. Die Konsequenzen dieses sprachlichen Marktes wirken sich bis in den gewöhnlichsten Austausch des täglichen Lebens aus. Denn Sprache ist nicht nur ein Mittel zur Kommunikation, sondern auch ein Indiz fürReichtum und ein Mittel der Herrschaft. Die Sozialwissenschaft muss versuchen, das zu beschreiben, was bei genauerem Nachdenken ein Stück Zauberei ist: Man kann durch Wörter, Befehle und Parolen handeln. Liegt die Kraft, die durch die Wörter wirkt, im Gesprochenen oder in den Sprechern ...? Lesen Sie nach bei Bourdieu!
-
(2012): Social Learning Theory and Human Reinforcement. In: Sociological Spectrum 32 (2), S. 157-177. DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2012.646160
Abstract: Scholars differ in their assumptions about the strength of accumulated evidence concerning social learning theory. One area of potential weakness is a possible dearth of evidence regarding differential reinforcement, the theory’s central causal mechanism. We report results from a systematic review of (1) a sample of experimental studies concerning human reinforcement learning as well as (2) criminological/sociological studies cited by proponents as supportive of social learning theory. This review is designed to assess the empirical basis for reinforcement and social learning. It suggests that results of experimental research, though supportive of the reinforcement process, may be limited in applicability to social learning theory’s hypotheses regarding differential reinforcement, and direct tests of differential reinforcement hypotheses are rare in the non-experimental literature. We conclude that the strength of social learning theory could be enhanced by more thorough and direct testing of reinforcement hypotheses and we offer suggestions about how to accomplish that. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 58
-
(2012): Using Goffman's theories of social interaction to reflect first-time mothers' experiences with the social norms of infant feeding. In: Qualitative health research 22 (10), S. 1345-1354. DOI: 10.1177/1049732312451873
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22785628 Abstract: Infant feeding, particularly breastfeeding, is an important public health issue because early feeding methods have been shown to influence health throughout childhood. We investigated how social norms influence first-time mothers' decisions around feeding methods. We conducted two in-depth interviews with 11 first-time mothers, the first 3 weeks after birth and the second 3 months following birth. We analyzed interview data using a third-level, thematic analysis, using Goffman's theories of social interaction to guide our analysis. Our results highlighted several issues surrounding breastfeeding in modern society. We propose that nursing mothers are conscious of adhering to social norms of being a good mother, but must also cope with societal views about presenting normal appearances when they need to feed their babies in public.
Keywords: Adult, Australia, Breast Feeding/psychology, Female, Goffman, Gruppennorm, Humans, Infant, Infant Food, Interpersonal Relations, Mothers/psychology, Normenwandel, Psychological Theory, Qualitative research, Social Control, Informal, Social Identification, Soziale Normen, Spezifika von Menschen, Stereotyping, Theory of interaction (Goffman), Young Adult