Alle Publikationen
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2019
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(2019) : Towards Virtual Agents for Supporting Appropriate Small Group Behaviors in Educational Contexts: 2019 11th International Conference on Virtual Worlds and Games for Serious Applications (VS-Games): 2019 11th International Conference on Virtual Worlds and Games for Serious Applications (VS-Games): Hangzhou, China: IEEE, S. 1-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/VS-Games.2019.8864528 Abstract: Verbal and non-verbal behaviors that we use in order to effectively communicate with other people are vital for our success in our daily lives. Despite the importance of social skills, creating standardized methods for training them and supporting their training is challenging. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) may have a good potential to support social and emotional learning (SEL) through virtual social demonstration games. This paper presents initial work involving the design of a pedagogical scenario to facilitate teaching of socially appropriate and inappropriate behaviors when entering and standing in a small group of people, a common occurrence in collaborative social situations. This is achieved through the use of virtual characters and, initially, virtual reality (VR) environments for supporting situated learning in multiple contexts. We describe work done thus far on the demonstrator scenario and anticipated potentials, pitfalls and challenges involved in the approach.
Keywords: Collaboration, collaborative social situations, computer aided instruction, Demonstration Games, educational contexts, emotional & politeness, Games, ieee xplore, Information and communication technology, information and communications technology, nonverbal behaviors, Politeness, serious games (computing), small group behaviors, Small Groups, Social & Emotional Learning, social and emotional learning, Social robotic, Software agents, Task Analysis, Teaching, Training, Verbal Behavior, virtual agents, Virtual characters, Virtual reality, virtual social demonstration games 2018
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(2018): Tomorrow’s human–machine design tools: From levels of automation to interdependencies. In: Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 12 (1), S. 77-82. DOI: 10.1177/1555343417736462
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1555343417736462 Abstract: The growth of sophistication in machine capabilities must go hand in hand with growth of sophistication in human–machine interaction capabilities. To continue advancement as we build today’s intelligent machines, designers need formative tools for creating sociotechnical systems. In this article, we will briefly assess the appropriateness of ’levels of automation’ as a tool for designing human–machine systems. Additionally, we present coactive design and interdependence analysis as a viable alternative tool moving forward into more advanced and sophisticated human–machine systems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Automation, cognitive engineering, Collaboration, design methods, Human Factors Engineering, Human Machine Systems, Human Machine Systems Design, Human robot interaction, human–automation interaction, human–computer interaction, Human–robot interaction, level of automation, Systems Design, team design, technology -
(2018) : Ethical and Social Considerations for the Introduction of Human-Centered Technologies at Work: 2018 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO): Genoa, Italy: IEEE Robotics & Automation Society, S. 131-138
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ARSO.2018.8625830 Abstract: Human-centered technologies such as collaborative robots, exoskeletons, and wearable sensors are rapidly spreading in industry and manufacturing because of their intrinsic potential at assisting workers and improving their working conditions. The deployment of these technologies, albeit inevitable, poses several ethical and societal issues. Guidelines for ethically aligned design of autonomous and intelligent systems do exist, however we argue that ethical recommendations must necessarily be complemented by an analysis of the social impact of these technologies. In this paper, we report on our preliminary studies on the opinion of factory workers and of people outside this environment on human-centered technologies at work. In light of these studies, we discuss ethical and social considerations for deploying these technologies in a way that improves acceptance.
Keywords: Collaboration, collaborative robots, control engineering computing, ethical aspects, ethical considerations, ethical issues, ethical recommendations, ethically aligned design, exoskeletons, Human Computer Interaction, Human Factors, human-centered technologies, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Interviews, knowledge based systems, Moral & Ethik, Production facilities, Robot sensing systems, social aspects of automation, social considerations, societal issues, user centred design, wearable sensors, working conditions -
(2018): Collaborative Assembly in Hybrid Manufacturing Cells: An Integrated Framework for Human–Robot Interaction. In: IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 15 (3), S. 1178-1192. DOI: 10.1109/TASE.2017.2748386
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TASE.2017.2748386 Abstract: Recent emergence of safe, lightweight, and flexible robots has opened a new realm for human-robot collaboration in manufacturing. Utilizing such robots with the new human-robot interaction (HRI) functionality to interact closely and effectively with a human co-worker, we propose a novel framework for integrating HRI factors (both physical and social interactions) into the robot motion controller for human-robot collaborative assembly tasks in a manufacturing hybrid cell. To meet human physical demands in such assembly tasks, an optimal control problem is formulated for physical HRI (pHRI)-based robot motion control to keep pace with human motion progress. We further augment social HRI (sHRI) into the framework by considering a computational model of the human worker's trust in his/her robot partner as well as robot facial expressions. The human worker's trust in robot is computed and used as a metric for path selection as well as a constraint in the optimal control problem. Robot facial expression is displayed for providing additional visual feedbacks to the human worker. We evaluate the proposed framework by designing a robotic experimental testbed and conducting a comprehensive study with a human-in-the-loop. Results of this paper show that compared to the manual adjustments of robot velocity, an autonomous controller based on pHRI, pHRI and sHRI with trust, or pHRI and sHRI with trust, and emotion result in 34%, 39%, and 44% decrease in human workload and 21%, 32%, and 60% increase in robot's usability, respectively. Compared to the manual framework, human trust in robot increases by 38% and 42%, respectively, in the latter two autonomous frameworks. Moreover, the overall efficiency in terms of assembly time remains the same.
2015
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(2015): Coordination, Collaboration and Cooperation. In: Interaction Studies 16 (3), S. 383-418. DOI: 10.1075/is.16.3.03ami
Abstract: Reviews the literature on the evolution and development of human cooperation, emphasizing important aspects of intercultural variation in collaborative and cooperative behavior. Humans have attained an unparalleled level of sophistication when engaging in collaborative and cooperative activities. Remarkably, the skills and motivation to engage in complex forms of collaboration and cooperation seem to emerge early on during infancy and childhood. The authors confront the different evolutionary scenarios in which cooperation may have emerged and provide the reader with a first orientation in the abundant literature on human cooperation. zitiert von 4
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(2015): The evolution and development of human cooperation. In: Interaction Studies 16 (3), S. 383-418
Abstract: Reviews the literature on the evolution and development of human cooperation, emphasizing important aspects of intercultural variation in collaborative and cooperative behavior. Humans have attained an unparalleled level of sophistication when engaging in collaborative and cooperative activities. Remarkably, the skills and motivation to engage in complex forms of collaboration and cooperation seem to emerge early on during infancy and childhood. The authors confront the different evolutionary scenarios in which cooperation may have emerged and provide the reader with a first orientation in the abundant literature on human cooperation.
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(2015) : May I help you? - Design of Human-like Polite Approaching Behavior-: 2015 10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Portland, Oregon, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, S. 35-42
Abstract: When should service staff initiate interaction with a visitor? Neither simply-proactive (e.g. talk to everyone in a sight) nor passive (e.g. wait until being talked to) strategies are desired. This paper reports our modeling of polite approaching behavior. In a shopping mall, there are service staff members who politely approach visitors who need help. Our analysis revealed that staff members are sensitive to ‘intentions’ of nearby visitors. That is, when a visitor intends to talk to a staff member and starts to approach, the staff member also walks a few steps toward the visitors in advance to being talked. Further, even when not being approached, staff members exhibit ”availability” behavior in the case that a visitor’s intention seems uncertain. We modeled these behaviors that are adaptive to pedestrians’ intentions, occurred prior to initiation of conversation. The model was implemented into a robot and tested in a real shopping mall. The experiment confirmed that the proposed method is less intrusive to pedestrians, and that our robot successfully initiated interaction with pedestrians.
Keywords: Adaptation models, availability behavior, Behavior Design, Collaboration, Estimation, ieee xplore, initiation of interaction, Intention estimation, Künstliche Intelligenz, learning (artificial intelligence), Micromechanical devices, nearby visitors, polite approaching behavior, robot programming, Robot sensing systems, service staff members, shopping mall, Task Analysis 2014
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(2014) : Supporting practice-centered awareness in computer-mediated collaboration across communities of practice In: Smari, Waleed W.: International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS), 2014: 19-23 May 2014, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA ; [including symposia and workshops]: 2014 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS): Minneapolis, MN, USA: 5/19/2014 - 5/23/2014. Annual IEEE Computer Conference; International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS); International Symposium on Big Data and Data Analytics in Collaboration (BDDAC); International Symposium on Security in Collaboration Technologies and Systems (SECOTS); International Symposium on Collaborative Analysis and Reasoning Systems (CARS); Workshop on Cloud Services and Web 2.0 Technologies for Collaboration (CSWC); International Workshop on Collaborative Robots and Human-Robot Interaction (CR-HRI); International Workshop on Collaborations in Emergency Response and Disaster Management (ERDM); International Workshop on Collaboration Technologies and Systems in Healthcare and Biomedical Fields (CoHeB): Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 64-71
Abstract: Current approaches to supporting awareness in computer-mediated collaboration appear to fall short in two ways - (1) they focus primarily on synchronous collaborations among individuals working on a shared task, and (2) they do not sufficiently take account of the situated and socially mediated nature of work practices. This paper explores an alternative approach to awareness support in computer-mediated collaboration, which focuses on understanding and supporting awareness of activity at the work practice level, and enables coordination among individuals working on separate tasks across communities of practice. We describe a study that suggests how an understanding of the ontological, stereotyped, and situated aspects of human activity leads to awareness support at the work practice level. We outline a set of guidelines for supporting practice-centred awareness in system design, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in enabling decision support among clinicians working separately across boundaries of communities of practice.
Keywords: Alltag, clinicians, Collaboration, Communities, Communities of practice, computer-mediated collaboration, Context, decision support, decision support systems, Encoding, groupware, GUIDELINES, Hospitals, human activity, ieee xplore, Interaktionsforschung, Interviews, medical computing, ontological aspects, ontologies (artificial intelligence), practice-centered awareness, situated aspects, stereotyped aspects, synchronous collaborations, work practice level 2011
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(2011): Coordination in Human and Primate Groups. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Abstract: Examines and describes small group coordination. The authors formulate an overview of the basic group challenge (group task) of coordination and describe how the context of the group task regulates the group's functions (effectiveness criteria) for achieving the task. Varying facets of the coordination challenge (coordination entities, mechanisms, dynamics, and levels) are explored. Finally, an inclusive functions-entities-mechanisms-patterns (FEMP) model of group coordination is presented. zitiert von 22
2007
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(2007) : Robopal: Modeling Role Transitions in Human-Robot Interaction: Proceedings 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation: Roma, Italy: IEEE Robotics & Automation Society, S. 2130-2137
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2007.363636 Abstract: We have developed a new communication robot, Robopal, which is an indoor/outdoor robot for use in human-robot interaction research in the context of daily life. Robopal’s intended applications involve leading and/or following a human to a destination. Preliminary experiments have been conducted to study nonverbal cues associated with leading and following behavior, and it has been observed that some behaviors, such as glancing towards the leader or follower, appear to be role-dependent. A system for representing these behaviors with a state transition model is described, based on four kinds of interaction roles: directive, responsive, collaborative, and independent. It is proposed that behavior modeling can be simplified by using this system to represent changes in the roles the robot and human play in an interaction, and by associating appropriate behaviors to each role
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Automation, Collaboration, communication robot, Context modeling, Human robot interaction, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, indoor-outdoor robot, intelligent robots, Laboratories, Legged locomotion, man-machine systems, Mobile robots, Power system reliability, Robopal, Robotics, state transition model, Wheels 2005
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(2005): Explorations in engagement for humans and robots. In: Artificial Intelligence 166 (1), S. 140-164. DOI: 10.1016/j.artint.2005.03.005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2005.03.005 Abstract: This paper explores the concept of engagement, the process by which individuals in an interaction start, maintain and end their perceived connection to one another. The paper reports on one aspect of engagement among human interactors—the effect of tracking faces during an interaction. It also describes the architecture of a robot that can participate in conversational, collaborative interactions with engagement gestures. Finally, the paper reports on findings of experiments with human participants who interacted with a robot when it either performed or did not perform engagement gestures. Results of the human–robot studies indicate that people become engaged with robots: they direct their attention to the robot more often in interactions where engagement gestures are present, and they find interactions more appropriate when engagement gestures are present than when they are not.
2004
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(2004) : Toward an actualization of social intelligence in human and robot collaborative systems: 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566), 4: 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566): Sendai, Japan: IEEE
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2004.1389916 Abstract: As robot technology is evolving and creating a social community between humans and robots, it is necessary to research and develop a new type of intelligence, which we refer to as "social intelligence”. Social intelligence enables natural and socially appropriate interactions. Its importance is gaining a growing interest among not just the human-computer interaction researchers but also robot technology researchers and developers. This article discusses the definition, importance, and benefits of social intelligence in human and robot collaborative systems. The virtual social environment is employed to implement an experimental social intelligence system because of its low cost and high flexibility. Software robots (i.e. agents) with the social intelligence model have been implemented by featuring an emotion model and a personality model under the virtual environment. The social intelligence model that handles affective responses is based on the theories of personality, emotion, and human-media interaction such as cognitive appraisal theory and media equation. The experiment was conducted with the virtual learning collaborative system to examine the effect of the social intelligence model in the collaborative system. The data showed that the users had more positive impressions about the usefulness and the application and learning experience when the cooperative agent displayed some social responses with personality and emotions. It should be noted here that the cooperative agent did not provide any explicit assistance for the human user such as giving clues and showing answers, and yet the user’s evaluation on the usefulness of the learning system was influenced by the social agent. The data also suggested that the cooperative agent contributed to the effectiveness of the learning system.
Keywords: APPRAISAL, Artificial intelligence, Cognitive robotics, Collaboration, Costs, groupware, human collaborative system, Human Computer Interaction, Human robot interaction, Humanoid Robots, ieee xplore, intelligent agent, intelligent robots, Intelligent Systems, Künstliche Intelligenz, learning system, learning systems, robot collaborative system, robot technology, Social intelligence, Software agents, software robot, Virtual environment
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