Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): Religion, moral attitudes and economic behavior. In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 148, S. 282-300. DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2018.02.022
Abstract: Using data for a representative sample of the Dutch population with information about participants’ religious background, we study the association between religion and moral behavior and attitudes. We find that religious people are less accepting of unethical economic behavior (e.g., tax evasion, bribery) and report more volunteering. They are equally likely as non-religious people to betray trust in an experimental game, where social behavior is unobservable and not directed to a self-selected group of recipients. Religious people also report lower preference for redistribution. Considering differences between denominations, Catholics betray less than non-religious people, while Protestants betray more than Catholics and are indistinguishable from the non-religious. We also explore the intergenerational transmission and the potential causality of these associations.
2017
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(2017): Buddhism, identity, and class. Fairness and favoritism in the Tyva Republic. In: Religion, Brain & Behavior 8 (2), S. 205-226. DOI: 10.1080/2153599X.2016.1267031
Abstract: Current research suggests that commitment to moralistic, omniscient, and punitive gods may contribute to the evolution of cooperation. As they may curb antisocial behaviors that incur costly social repercussions, supernatural punishment may help stabilize reciprocal relationships among peers. One recent elaboration of this hypothesis posits that commitment to such gods may boost prosociality to the point that it expands cooperation beyond one's family and local community. Using three permutations of an experimental game designed to measure impartial fairness, the present study tests this hypothesis among Buddhists from the Tyva Republic. Contrary to the expanded sociality hypothesis, we found that key features of local spirits and Buddha systematically predict favoritism toward co-religionists from one's community rather than fairness toward co-religionists from distant towns. Moreover, important indicators of class - years of formal education, material insecurity, and fluency in the Tyvan language - also predict favoritism toward local Buddhists rather than geographically distant Buddhists. We used a Buddhist protection charm as a prime condition that showed no simple effects across games, but did interact with key religious variables. Importantly, when players had a stake in the game and played against anonymous, geographically distant Buddhists, if the experiment reminded them of the Buddhist temple or charity, they were fairer toward the distant co-religionist.
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(2017): Translating the FAITH Frame. A Study of Two Translated Egyptian Novels. In: Complutense Journal of English Studies 25, S. 125-142. DOI: 10.5209/CJES.57598
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/CJES.57598 Abstract: This study, which is part of a larger study on the use of frame semantics in the translation of cultural elements from Arabic into English, isolates the instances where the characters from two modern Egyptian novels use language to identify themselves as members of a particular religious group, which corresponds to the frame generic→faith, and examines the manner in which these instances are translated into English. In this sense, faith is a generic frame because it dictates a particular set of behaviors, both linguistic and ideological, that is enforced by the faith community and practiced by the individuals within it. This faith community is a subset of the language community that uses a set of expressions considered typical of this community to the point where its members are recognizable through the use of these expressions. The translation issue at hand is that the TL may not offer the same possibilities to evoke a similar frame reflecting religious identity.
Keywords: Arabic literature, English translation of, faith/religion, frame generic, frame semantics, Frame-Semantik, generic frame, generic frames, Glaube, Identität, Identitätsstiftung, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Kultur, Linguistik und Ideologie, Literaturwissenschaft, Religion, semantic frames, Soziale Angemessenheit, translating religious expressions, Ideologie, "Faith Frame" 2015
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(2015) : Religion. Morality and Social Control In: Wright, James D.: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition): Oxford: Elsevier, S. 333-337
Abstract: Religion, morality, and social control have been inexorably linked for centuries. In fact, some argue that morality and social control are derived fundamentally from religion. Dominant religious bodies in many societies define correct behavior, codify conduct, and establish social control systems designed to enforce systems of behaviors. This article begins with a discussion of morality, including its definition in the social sciences and how it both influences and is influenced by society. Social control is treated similarly, with attention to different types of control, distinct types of social control organizations, whether social control is unduly influenced by elite members of society, and whether its differential impact on people is distinguished by class, race/ethnicity, and gender. The role of religion in defining and being affected by morality and social control is presented next. This section addresses how various aspects of religion affect moral behaviors and serve as social control mechanisms. The final section discusses how religion is sometimes cast as immoral and deviant.
2014
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(2014): Sprachen der Emotion. Kultur, Kunst, Gesellschaft. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag
Abstract: Was und wie Menschen fühlen, wird zu einem großen Teil durch kulturelle Codes reguliert. Die Entstehung solcher Codes, ihre Wirkung auf die Emotionen und die Wirkung der Emotionen auf die Sprache werden untersucht und mit dem kooperativen Verhalten nichtmenschlicher Primaten verglichen. Im Zentrum steht dabei die enge Verbindung von Emotionen und Sprache. Neben der Sprache werden auch die Musik, der Film, die Gestik, religiöse Praktiken und Rituale sowie der Ausdruck von sozialen Gefühlen in die Betrachtung einbezogen. Bei den Beiträgen handelt es sich um ausgewählte Forschungsarbeiten des Exzellenzclusters "Languages of Emotion" der Freien Universität Berlin. - Inhalt: (1) Gunter Gebauer und Markus Edler: Einleitung. (2) Dominik Perler: Wozu philosophiehistorische Emotionsforschung? Methodologische Überlegungen. (3) Hilge Landweer: "Vor der Kreuzspinne braucht man sich nicht zu fürchten." - Emotionen, Situationen und Angemessenheit. (4) Michael Tomasello: Kooperation und Kommunikation im zweiten Lebensjahr. (5) Katja Liebal: Emotionale Kommunikation nichtmenschlicher Primaten: Eine artvergleichende Perspektive. (6) Julian Hanich und Winfried Menninghaus: Im Wechselbad der Gefühle: Zur Emotionsvielfalt im filmischen Melodram - Eine Mikroanalyse. (7) Arthur M. Jacobs: Affektive und ästhetische Prozesse beim Lesen: Anfänge einer neurokognitiven Poetik. (8) Stefan Koelsch: Musik, Emotion und Gehirn. (9) Clemens Risi: Das "Kraftwerk der Gefühle": Oper und Emotion vom 17. Jahrhundert bis Verdi und Wagner. (10) Regine Herbrik und Hubert Knoblauch: Die Emotionalisierung der Religion. (11) Ulla Haselstein: Coolness. (12) Gunter Gebauer: Kollektive Emotionen und Glaube: Das erhöhte Ich im Fußball. (13) Hermann Kappelhoff: Affektmobilisierung und mediale Kriegsinszenierung. (14) Christian von Scheve: Gefühlte Ungleichheit: Einige Zusammenhänge zwischen Sozialstruktur und Emotionen. (15) Sina Emde: Emotion, Erinnerung und Gewalt in Kambodscha: Zwischen staatlicher Politik und lokaler Aufarbeitung.
Keywords: Culture, Emotions, Emotionsforschung, Film, Gefühl, Gestik, Language and emotions, Musik, Religion, Sprache, Sprachwissenschaften 2010
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(2010): Religiosity as self-enhancement. A meta-analysis of the relation between socially desirable responding and religiosity. In: Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc 14 (1), S. 17-36. DOI: 10.1177/1088868309351002
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940283 Abstract: In a meta-analysis, the authors test the theoretical formulation that religiosity is a means for self-enhancement. The authors operationalized self-enhancement as socially desirable responding (SDR) and focused on three facets of religiosity: intrinsic, extrinsic, and religion-as-quest. Importantly, they assessed two moderators of the relation between SDR and religiosity. Macro-level culture reflected countries that varied in degree of religiosity (from high to low: United States, Canada, United Kingdom). Micro-level culture reflected U.S. universities high (Christian) versus low (secular) on religiosity. The results were generally consistent with the theoretical formulation. Both macro-level and micro-level culture moderated the relation between SDR and religiosity: This relation was more positive in samples that placed higher value on religiosity (United States > Canada > United Kingdom; Christian universities > secular universities). The evidence suggests that religiosity is partly in the service of self-enhancement.
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Canada, Christianity, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Culture, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Metaanalyse, Motivation, Religion, Religion and Psychology, Self Concept, Social Desirability, Social Values, Soziale Erwünschtheit, Sozialpsychologie, United Kingdom, United States, Young Adult 2009
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Luhmann, Niklas (2009): Beiträge zur funktionalen Differenzierung der Gesellschaft. 4. Aufl.. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften
Keywords: DEFINITION, Erziehung, Gesellschaft, Monographie, Politik, Religion, Soziologie, Systemtheorie, Theorie 2001
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(2001) : Power/interaction and interpersonal influence: Experimental investigations and case studies. In: Lee-Chai, Annette Y.: The use and abuse of power: Multiple perspectives in the causes of corruption: Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press, S. 217-240
Abstract: Begins with a review of the J. R. P. French, Jr. and B. H. Raven (1959) bases of power typology and its expansion into a Power/Interaction Model of Interpersonal Influence. Some empirical studies which were stimulated by this model are reviewed here. A case for additional research using case study and historical methods is then made. Such nonquantitative examinations of ongoing interaction can help to establish external validity of the model and method. By examining longer-term on-going interaction, we can also gain insight into more complex social power strategies that cannot be observed in questionnaires or short-term, experimental laboratory situations. The analyses offered allow us to see more clearly how framing the social influence strategy can contribute to the process. An attempt to understand how religions can function as mechanisms of social control is described. The author presents a very preliminary example of how the Power/Interaction model can be helpful in understa nding the power influence of religion, as well as understanding the tensions that may develop between religious authorities and religious adherents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 71
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