Alle Publikationen
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2015
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(2015): The cue is the key. The relevance of cues and contextual information in the social understanding tasks of the Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence. In: European Journal of Psychological Assessment 31 (1), S. 38-44. DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000204
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000204 Abstract: In contrast to former tests, the Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence measures social understanding with a scenario approach. Each scenario is based on one real target person and includes both social cues and contextual information about this person in different realistic situations. The subjects' task is to understand the given social cues and to judge the target persons' cognitions, emotions, and relationships to other people. However, subjects can potentially use only contextual information instead of social cues or base their judgments equally on both. The present study was aimed at examining the relative contribution of social cues and contextual information. In an experiment (N = 126), the following conditions were manipulated: Participants were given (1) only social cues, (2) only contextual information, or (3) both components. Results showed that social cues played a more important role in this social understanding task than the contextual information.
Keywords: Contextual Associations, Cues, empirical examination, Hinweisreize, importance of social cues & contextual information, Intelligence, Intelligenz, Kontextgebundene Assoziationen, Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence (MTSI-2), MTSI, only social cues vs only contextual information vs social cues plus contextual information, Personality Measures, Personality Scales & Inventories, Persönlichkeitstests, scenario approach during testing, Social Behavior, social psychology, Soziale Intelligenz, soziales Verhalten, Sozialpsychologie, Test Construction, Testkonstruktion, Tests & Testing, Tests und Testen 2013
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(2013): New findings about social intelligence. Development and application of the Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence (MTSI). In: Journal of Individual Differences 34 (3), S. 119-137. DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000106
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000106 Abstract: Social intelligence (SI) is an ability construct with a long history in scientific psychology which has yet to be clearly established. SI tests show low convergent validity and can hardly be distinguished from academic intelligence. This may be the result of conceptual ambiguity and a lack of reliable and valid performance tests that apply nonverbal stimuli. The Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence (MTSI) is a new multimedia-based performance test battery relying on a potential-based concept of SI. It presently comprises subtests for social understanding, social memory, and social perception, each of which is measured with real auditory, video-based, pictorial, and verbal task material. It applies target scoring to the social understanding tasks. Two studies with 127 and 190 participants, respectively, examined the psychometric properties and construct validity of the MTSI. Discriminant construct validation was conducted with well-established academic intelligence and personality tests. The findings revealed satisfactory psychometric properties for nearly all of the 22 tasks. A general SI and a social perception factor were not substantiated. Social understanding was separate from academic intelligence, whereas social memory and social perception tasks showed systematic correlations with academic intelligence. The SI tasks were not systematically related to personality traits.
Keywords: Intelligence Measures, Intelligenztests, Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence (MTSI), Measurement, Messung, MTSI & BIS-TEST & NEO-FFI, Personality Scales & Inventories, Persönlichkeitstests, psychometric properties, psychometrics, Psychometrie, Social Behavior, Sonstiges, Soziale Intelligenz, soziales Verhalten, subtests for social understanding & social memory & social perception, Test Construction, test construction & evaluation, Test Validity, Testen, Testing, Testkonstruktion, Testvalidität 2006
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(2006): Child social skills training in developmental crime prevention: Effects on antisocial behavior and social competence. In: PSICOTHEMA 18 (3), S. 603-610
Abstract: Social skills training for children is becoming increasingly popular as a measure for developmental crime prevention. Although previous reviews of such programs have shown positive effects, they have also revealed problems of research design, outcome measures, and long-term follow up. Accordingly, this article reports on a recent meta-analysis of randomized evaluations of the effect of social skills training in preventing antisocial behavior and promoting social competence. Of 841 retrievable references, 84 research reports with a total of 136 treatment-control comparisons fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Results showed a small but significant overall positive effect of d=.39 at post-intervention and d=.28 at follow-up (3 months and later). Effect sizes were somewhat greater for outcome measures of social competence than for measures of antisocial behavior, particularly when delinquency was assessed. Cognitive-behavioral programs revealed the best results in terms of generalization over time and on outcome criteria. In addition, prevention measures indicated for children and adolescents who already manifested some behavioral problems had higher effect sizes than universal approaches. Because most studies dealt with small sample sizes, non-official outcome data, and measurements after less than one year, the results should be interpreted with caution. Further high-quality studies with long-term empirical outcome criteria are needed, particularly outside the United States.
2002
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(2002): Soziale Kompetenz - Definition, Strukturen und Prozesse. In: Zeitschrift für Psychologie 210 (4), S. 154-163. DOI: 10.1026//0044-3409.210.4.154
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1026//0044-3409.210.4.154 Abstract: Social competence is a prominent object of psychological research since many years. We discuss the basics of this research. First, we differentiate between social competence and social competent behavior, describe the natur of social competence and define it in contrast to related concepts like social intelligence. Second, we elaborate the structure of social competence which can be seen as a mix of single competencies. Third, a modell is presented, which describes the prosess from competence to competent behavior. Beside this we discuss research problems as well as research questions for the future.
Keywords: Begriffe, competence, Concepts, definition & differentiation & structure & model of genesis of socially competent behavior, Personality Traits & Processes, Persönlichkeitseigenschaften und Persönlichkeitsprozesse, Kompetenz, Psychological Terminology, Psychologische Terminologie, Modelle, MODELS, Social Behavior, social competence & socially competent behavior, Social intelligence, social psychology, Social Skills, Soziale Fertigkeiten, soziales Verhalten, Sozialpsychologie, topics for future research 1998
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(1998) : Soziale Intelligenz In: Roth, Erwin: Intelligenz. Grundlagen und neuere Forschung: Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, S. 216-244
Abstract: Nach Darstellung der Tatsache, dass ein klar abgegrenztes wissenschaftliches Konzept von Sozialer Intelligenz in der gängigen psychologischen Literatur kaum zu finden ist und dass es keine einheitliche Vorstellung vom Gegenstand "Sozialer Intelligenz" gibt, werden folgende Themenbereiche erörtert: (1) Versuch einer Abgrenzung von Intelligenz und Sozialer Intelligenz, (2) relevante Aspekte bei der Konzeptbildung der Sozialen Intelligenz (Alltagsverständnis, Handlungsbezogenheit, Komplexität, Wissensbezogenheit, Mehrdimensionalität, Transaktionalität, Kommunikations- und Interaktionsorientierung sowie Entwicklung von Sozialer Intelligenz), (3) benachbarte Konzepte und verwandte Begriffe (Weisheit, soziale Kompetenz, emotionale und personale Intelligenz, Durchsetzungsfähigkeit und Machiavellismus), (4) Möglichkeiten zur Messung Sozialer Intelligenz. Abschließend werden wesentliche Aspekte der Betrachtung von Sozialer Intelligenz als Konzept oder Konstrukt bzw. als Gegenstand diagnostischen Interesses diskutiert.
Keywords: differentiation from general intelligence & parameters of social intelligence & related terms & measurement, Emotionen, Emotions, conceptualization of social intelligence, Intelligence, Intelligenz, Interpersonal Interaction, Interpersonale Interaktion, Personality Traits & Processes, Persönlichkeitseigenschaften und Persönlichkeitsprozesse, Psychological Assessment, Psychologische Messung, Social Behavior, Social Perception & Cognition, Social Skills, Soziale Fertigkeiten, Soziale Intelligenz, Soziale Wahrnehmung und soziale Kognition, soziales Verhalten 1997
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(1997) : The social intelligence hypothesis In: Weingart, Peter; Mitchell, Sandra D.; Richerson, Peter J.; Maasen, Sabine (Hg.): Human by nature. Between biology and the social sciences: Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum, S. 157-179
Abstract: Examines the different components of the social intelligence hypothesis (SIH), which states that the natural intelligence of primates (including humans) originated in the social domain. A working definition of primate intelligence is formulated. A comparison is made between the complexity of social environments and that of ecological ones. Special character traits of primate sociality are described. Preliminary evidence in support of the SIH is discussed. Regarding the question of whether primates are more intelligent in the social domain than in other domains, the following issues are discussed: (1) individuation of group members, (2) combinatorial prediction and action in polyadic encounters, (3) the complexity of physical vs social tools, and (4) the ability to develop a theory of mind. Various selective pressures in primates are described. Examples of traces of social intelligence in ecological intelligence are pointed out. Some suggestions are provided regarding possible methods for testing the SIH.
Keywords: Altruism, Altruismus, Cognitive Processes, combinatorial prediction & action & theory of mind & selective pressures & reciprocal altruism, Evolutionstheorie, Intelligence, Intelligenz, Kognitive Prozesse, Primaten, Primates (Nonhuman), Social & Instinctive Behavior, Social Behavior, Social intelligence, social intelligence hypothesis, Social Perception & Cognition, Social Skills, Sozial- und Instinktverhalten, Soziale Fertigkeiten, Soziale Intelligenz, Soziale Wahrnehmung und soziale Kognition, soziales Verhalten, theoretical study, Theory of Evolution -
(1997) : Social intelligence and success. Don't be too clever in order to be smart In: Whiten, Andrew; Byrne, Richard W. (Hg.): Machiavellian intelligence II. Extensions and evaluations: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, S. 86-111
Abstract: Reviews research into the success and failure of behaviors in achieving social goals and argues that social and ultimately reproductive success is mainly determined by the consequences of a behavior rather than the cognitive complexity underlying it. The importance and difficulty of learning social metarules once the procedural rules of social interaction behavior (e.g., how to lie) have been mastered is discussed and is considered to be a major force driving social intelligence. A review of empirical research into children's social success illustrates the points made and shows the diversity of children's behavioral repertoire. The need for more data, for a measure of the cognitive complexity of behavior and solutions, and for an integrative functional theory is stressed.
Keywords: Achievement, Childhood Development, Cognitive Complexity, consequences vs complexity of behavior as determinant of social success or failure, Deception, Entwicklung in der Kindheit, Failure, Intelligence, Intelligenz, Kognitionswissenschaften, Kognitive Komplexität, Leistung (Fähigkeit), overview & theoretical study, Machiavellianism, Pädagogische Psychologie, Machiavellismus, Psychosocial & Personality Development, Misserfolg, Psychosocial Development, Psychosoziale Entwicklung, Psychosoziale Entwicklung und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung, Review, Social Behavior, social intelligence & procedural rules vs metarules & hidden motives & trust & social success in children & children's behavioral repertoire, Social Perception & Cognition, Soziale Intelligenz, Soziale Wahrnehmung und soziale Kognition, soziales Verhalten, Täuschen, Verhaltensforschung 1993
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(1993): The emotional origins of social understanding. In: Philosophical Psychology 6 (3), S. 227-249. DOI: 10.1080/09515089308573090
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the origins of social understanding. Drawing upon philosophical writings, I highlight those features of affectively patterned interpersonal relations that are especially important for a very young child's growing awareness and knowledge of itself and other people as people with their own minds. If we were without our biologically based capacities for co‐ordinated emotional relatedness with others, we should lack something essential for acquiring the concept of ‘persons’ who have subjective experiences and psychological attitudes towards the world. I illustrate some implications of this thesis by reviewing the phenomena of early childhood autism.
Keywords: Autismus, Entwicklungspsychologie, Evolutionsbiologie, Herkunft von Sozialität, Interpersonale Wahrnehmung, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Menschsein als Voraussetznug für soziale Angemessenheit?, Pathologie, Person Sein, Philosophical Psychology, Soziales Miteinander, soziales Verhalten, Sozialphilosophie, Spezifika von Menschen, Verstehen 1986
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(1986): Interaktionsrituale. Über Verhalten in direkter Kommunikation. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp
Abstract: Goffmans Studien über Verhalten in direkter Kommunikation sind in erster Linie ethnographische Untersuchungen mit dem Ziel, die syntaktischen Beziehungen zwischen den Verhaltensäußerungen verschiedener, in einer sozialen Situation gleichzeitig anwesender Personen aufzudecken. Untersuchungsgegenstand sind also jene Ereignisse, die im Verlauf und aufgrund des Zusammenkommens von Menschen geschehen.
1982
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(1982): Das Individuum im öffentlichen Austausch. Mikrostudien zur öffentlichen Ordnung. 1. Aufl.. Frankfurt am Main: SuhrkampKeywords: Disziplin, Favoriten, Gesellschaft, Goffman, Individuum, Interaktion, Interaktionstheorie, Kommunikation, Modelle/Theorien, öffentliche Ordnung, Öffentlicher Raum, Ordnung, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Rolle, soziales Verhalten, Sozialpsychologie, Soziologie, Theory of interaction (Goffman), Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung / Öffentlichkeit
1980
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(1980): Privatheit als Problem und Gegenstand der Psychologie. Bern: Huber
1925
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(1925): Group Organization and Social Behavior. In: The International Journal of Ethics 35 (4), S. 346-367. DOI: 10.1086/intejethi.35.4.2377443
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