Alle Publikationen
1977
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(1977): The Woman Least Mentioned. Etiquette And Women's Names. In: The Classical Quarterly 27 (02). DOI: 10.1017/S0009838800035606
Abstract: ‘And if I must make some mention of the virtue of those wives who will now be in widowhood, I will indicate all with a brief word of advice. To be no worse than your proper nature, is a great honour for you; and great honour is hers, whose reputation among males is least, whether for praise or for blame.’ Nobody who has read these words of Pericles - cold comfort, surely, for the Peloponnesian War widows - or other such expressions, which were commonplace in Athens, will be surprised to find that the list of Athenian citizen women who are known to us from literature is rather short. Large areas of male culture were in fact entirely closed to women: the assembly, the lawcourts, the gymnasium, and even the normal daily social encounters of Athenian men, were not open to the direct participation of women. Fictional women, of course, play important roles in both tragedy and comedy; but those who actually lived tend to be known to us, if at all, from dedications or from tombstones.
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(1977): The Preference for Self-Correction in the Organization of Repair in Conversation. In: Language 53 (2). DOI: 10.2307/413107Keywords: Konversationsanalyse, Reparatur
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(1977): Normative Influences on altruism. In: Advances in experimental social psychology 10, S. 221-279. DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60358-5
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(1977): Sanction fear and the maintenance of social order. In: Social Forces 55 (3), S. 579-596. DOI: 10.2307/2577457
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2577457 Abstract: Compared 8 independent variables suggested by extant theories of deviance/conformity for their ability to predict independently 9 different kinds of self-estimated future deviance. Data were gathered in a sample survey of 1,993 Ss in the populations aged 15 and over in 3 states. Results support the view that at least some kinds of sanction fear are major contributors to conformity. Fear of interpersonal loss of respect was the 2nd best predictor of the 8 considered. Perceptions of general or legal sanctions proved to be of minor or only moderate importance. The findings indicate that the reinforcement value of a behavior, the probability of losing respect among those one knows personally, moral commitments, and differential association are the primary determinants of conformity. Results underline the need for a comprehensive multiple-variable theory which can specify conditions under which conformity to or deviance from different kinds of norms can be expected. (37 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: sanctions -
(1977): The Emergence of Norms. Oxford: Clarendon Press
Abstract: Edna Ullmann-Margalit provides an original account of the emergence of norms. Her main thesis is that certain types of norms are possible solutions to problems posed by certain types of social interaction situations. She presents illuminating discussions of Prisoners' Dilemma, co-ordination, and inequality (or partiality) situations.
Keywords: Ethik, social interaction, Sociology, Soziale Norm, Soziale Sanktion, Sozialer Wert, Werturteil -
(1977): Die Macht der Computer und die Ohnmacht der Vernunft. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp
Abstract: Weizenbaum will uns vor der Hybris der Naturwissenschaften warnen. Er fordert dazu auf, Wissenschaft und Technik rational einzusetzen, statt sie zu mystifizieren - und er tut dies mit viel Temperament. Insbesondere geht der erfolgreiche Computerwissenschaftler mit denjenigen seiner Kollegen ins Gericht, die uns (und wahrscheinlich sich selber) weismachen wollen, der Mensch sei im Prinzip nichts anderes als ein informationsverarbeitendes System, könne also vollständig mit einem hinreichend leistungsfähigen Computer simuliert werden. In eben dieser Überzeugung der Forscher, die sich mit der künstlichen Intelligenz beschäftigen und die er spöttisch dem Clan der »Artificial Intelligentsia« zuordnet, sieht Joseph Weizenbaum geradezu die Quintessenz naturwissenschaftlicher Borniertheit.
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Zampolli, A. (1977): Linguistic Structure Processing. Amsterdam; New York: North-Holland Pub. Co.
1976
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(1976): Face-to-Face. The Alienating Effects of Class, Status and Power Divisions. In: American Sociological Review 41 (5). DOI: 10.2307/2094729
Abstract: Presents a Marxian-oriented theory of microstratification phenomena as an alternative to exchange and expectation states theories. After reviewing evidence for 4 empirical generalizations concerning cross-class, status, and power interaction which can be extrapolated from Marx's theory of alienation, a theory of interpersonal threat is presented to explain these generalizations and a number of expectations to them. The theory is shown to have considerable independent empirical support and to be a more plausible explanation for cross-class and formal status interaction in work settings than exchange or expectation states theory. It is at least equally as plausible an explanation for class and formal status inequalities in nonwork settings, but is less plausible for informal status structures. The class and formal status-based inequalities generalized beyond the work place supports a Marxian rather than a pluralist model, but as yet there is little evidence that class consistently takes precedence over occupational, racial, or ethnic status. (3 p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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Bateson, P.P.G.; Hinde, R. A. (Hg.) (1976): Growing points in ethology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
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(1976): Entwurf einer Theorie der Praxis. Auf der ethnologischen Grundlage der kabylischen Gesellschaft. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp
Abstract: Am Anfang jeder Theoriebildung in der Soziologie steht die Praxis. Für kaum einen anderen gilt dies mehr als für Pierre Bourdieu, dessen soziologische Forschung und Begriffsbildung auf unvergleichliche Weise von den alltäglichen Lebensvollzügen ausging und stets an ihnen Maß nahm. Exemplarisch zu studieren ist dieses Vorgehen an seinem berühmten Buch Entwurf einer Theorie der Praxis. Nicht die theoretische Intuition steht hier am Anfang, sondern drei meisterhafte ethnologische Studien über die kabylische Gesellschaft und deren Vorstellungen und Praktiken von Ehre, Verwandtschaft und Austausch, an die sich der eigentliche Entwurf anschließt. Hier glänzt Bourdieu nicht nur als Soziologe, sondern auch als Wissenschaftstheoretiker und Kulturphilosoph, der die Bedingungen von Zivilisation im Spannungsfeld von Theorie und Praxis erkundet. Ein Klassiker, der nun wieder lieferbar ist.
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(1976): REPRESSION OF SEXUAL ASSOCIATIONS. COGNITIVE INHIBITION, FAMILIARITY, OR SOCIAL INHIBITION?. In: Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 4 (2), S. 283-288. DOI: 10.2224/sbp.1976.4.2.283
Abstract: In previous research on the Repression-Sensitization (R-S) Scale it has been found that repressors gave fewer sexual associations than sensitizers on a double entendre word association task. That difference, however, may have been due either to differential familiarity, or external social inhibition, rather than to internal, cognitive defense processes. In the present experiment, male sensitizers, neutrals, and repressors performed an identification task and an association task with word lists containing double entendres. They received 1 of 3 instruction sets, designed either to facilitate, inhibit, or disregard the possible sexual associations. The identification task results failed to support the familiarity hypothesis. The association task results suggested that repressors are more responsive to external, social inhibition cues than are either sensitizers or neutrals.
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(1976): Der vorprogrammierte Mensch: Das Erlebte als bestimmender Faktor im menschlichen Verhalten. München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag
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(1976): Frame Semantics and the Nature of Language, S. 20-32Keywords: Ereignisverständnis, Fillmore, frame semantics, Frame-Semantik, framing, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, Kommunikation, Linguistik, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Sprache, Sprachphilosophie, Sprachverstehen, Technik, Überblick, Übersicht zu Framesemantik, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten
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(1976): Beyond Culture. Garden City, NY: Doubleday
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(1976) : The social function of intellect In: Bateson, P.P.G.; Hinde, R. A. (Hg.): Growing points in ethology: Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, S. 303-317
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(1976): Dr. Ketai Replies. In: American Journal of Psychiatry 133 (3). DOI: 10.1176/ajp.133.3.347-a
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(1976): Sociological ambivalence and other essays. New York: Free Press
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(1976): Cognition and reality. San Francisco: Freeman
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(1976): Die Äquilibration der kognitiven Strukturen. 1. Aufl.. Stuttgart: Klett (Konzepte der Humanwissenschaften)
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(1976): Assessing communication competency for intercultural adaptation. In: Group & Organization Studies 1 (3), S. 334-354. DOI: 10.1177/105960117600100308
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/105960117600100308 Abstract: Discusses one of the recurrent problems associated with interpersonal, group, organizational, and intercultural training in communication, the assessment of outcomes. An approach is suggested for the evaluation of training and selection of programs utilizing behavioral assessment of participants' communication competence. The method involves the systematic collection and analysis of behavioral observation data along one or several predetermined dimensions by one or more observers. Preliminary use of pilot instruments indicated that the methodology provides a relatively efficient technique for generating reliable assessments of interactive competence in a variety of social settings. A range of uses of behavioral assessment techniques in communication training are discussed, and an application with 19 adult and young adult participants and 3 raters in intercultural adaptation training and selection is explored in some detail. (11/2 p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Arbeits - und Organisationspsychologie, assessment of communication competency in interpersonal & group & organizational & intercultural settings, communication skills, Evaluation, Gruppenverhalten, interpersonal communication, Kommunikation, Methodology, Social Environments, systematic collection & analysis of behavioral observation data, Soziales Kompetenztraining, training in social competences -
(1976): A Classification of Illocutionary Acts. In: Language in Society 5 (1), S. 1-23
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(1976): Elemente der Semiotik. Tübingen; Basel: Francke Verlag
Abstract: 20 Jahre hat die Erstausgabe dieses Titels bereits hinter sich (ID 24/76), dazu eine Überarbeitung unter dem Titel "Zeichen des Menschen" (nicht besprochen). Alle 3 Ausgaben stellen die aus verschiedenen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen stammenden Theorieansätze knapp und verständlich dar; der 2. Teil des Buches ist einer handlungstheoretisch fundierten Semiotik gewidmet. - Aufgrund einer nicht sehr weitgehenden Aktualisierung ist Austausch der 2. Auflage nicht nötig, wohl aber der doch inzwischen deutlich weiterentwickelten Erstausgabe (sofern überhaupt noch im Bestand). Empfehlung: nach R. Keller (BA 1/96), der erstaunlicherweise im Literaturverzeichnis fehlt. (3) (LK/HAM: Pirsich)
Keywords: Semiotik 1975
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(1975): The environment and social behavior. Privacy, personal space, territory, crowding. Monterey, Calif.: Brooks/Cole Publ
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Cogen, Cathy (1975): Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. Berkeley: Berkeley linguistics society
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Cole, Peter; Morgan, Jerry L. (Hg.) (1975): Speech acts. New York: Academic Press
Keywords: Youssef, Ramy