Alle Publikationen
2008
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2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (2008). 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Pasadena, CA, USA: IEEE
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2008 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (2008). Goa, India: IEEE
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2008 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (2008). Xian, China: IEEE
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2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (2008). Washington, DC, US: IEEE Computer Society
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Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 2. Volume 2 (2008). Richland, SC: International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems. Online verfügbar unter http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1402298Keywords: Computer Science
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Social Structure and Emotion (2008). San Diego: Academic Press
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(2008): Comedy in unfunny times. News parody and carnival after 9/11. In: CRITICAL STUDIES IN MEDIA COMMUNICATION 25 (3), S. 274-303
Abstract: Comedy has a special role in helping societies manage crisis moments, and the U.S. media paid considerable attention to the proper role of comedy in public culture after the 9/11 tragedies. As has been well documented, many popular U.S. comic voices were paralyzed in trying to respond to 9/11 or disciplined by audiences when they did. Starting with these obstacles in mind, this essay analyzes early comic responses to 9/11, and particularly those of the print and online news parody The Onion, as an example of how “fake” news discourse could surmount the rhetorical chill that fell over public culture after the tragedies. By exposing the news as “mere” production and by setting an agenda for learning about Islamic culture and Middle East politics, The Onion avoided violating decorum and invited citizen participation. This kind of meta-discourse was crucial after 9/11, when shifting rules for decorum created controversy and as official voices in government and media honed frames and narratives for talking about the attacks.
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(2008) : Committed to what? Using the Bases of Relational Commitment Model to understand continuity and change in social relationships In: Forgas, Joseph Paul; Fitness, Julie (Hg.): Social relationships: Cognitive, affective, and motivational processes: New York, NY, US: Psychology Press (The Sydney symposium of social psychology), S. 147-164
Abstract: Past research on commitment processes in close relationships has tended to adopt a dichotomous view of relationship persistence, yoked to the type of relationship under consideration. A relationship is either on or off, together or broken up. We argue against such a view, reasoning that close relationships are more suitably characterized by frequent changes in type of relations between dyad members. Little is known about how relationships may morph from one type to another, such as from a steady romantic relationship to a friendship (or vice versa). This chapter considers how people contemplate relationships with alternative others as well as alternative forms of a relationship with a current relationship partner. We focus our discussion on the concept of need fulfillment, noting how needs might be filled by different partners or by different forms of a relationship with a given person. Using the Bases of Relational Commitment Model, a new model that extends the well-known and validated Investment Model, we articulate a theoretical framework that identifies how thoughts about other forms of a relationship with a partner might help account for relative commitment to the current type of relationship experienced by dyad members. We close by describing some methodological challenges to conceptualizing relationships as dynamic and subject to change. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2008) : Typification-based ethics for artificial agents: 2008 2nd IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies: Phitsanulok, Thailand: IEEE, S. 482-491
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/DEST.2008.4635149 Abstract: A digital ecosystem has to deal with the notion of responsibility with respect to some of its entities, including artefacts. Autonomous artificial agents have given rise to the study of the possibility that these agents have ethical aspects. This paper introduces a conceptual framework for ethical situations that involve artificial agents such as robots. Specifically, we focus on how ethical rules should be applied in reference to artificial agents in order for them to act correctly when facing ethical situations. We typify these situations in order to facilitate ethical evaluations. This typification involves classifications of ethical agents and patients according to whether they are human beings, human-based organizations, or non-human beings, and in reference to ethical evaluations of each of these entities. The resultant methodology is applied to Asimovpsilas ldquoLaws of Robotics.
Keywords: Artificial agent, artificial agents, Asimov’s Laws, Biological system modeling, control engineering computing, digital ecosystem, Ecosystems, ethical agent, ethical aspect, ethical aspects, ethical evaluation, ethical rule, Ethics, Humans, ieee xplore, Moral & Ethik, ORGANIZATIONS, Robot, Robot sensing systems, Robots, Software agents, typification-based ethics -
(2008): Punishing hubris: The perils of overestimating one's status in a group. In: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 34 (1), S. 90-101. DOI: 10.1177/0146167207307489
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18162658 Abstract: Individuals engage in status self-enhancement when they form an overly positive perception of their status in a group. We argue that status self-enhancement incurs social costs and, therefore, most individuals perceive their status accurately. In contrast, theories of positive illusions suggest status self-enhancement is beneficial for the individual and that most individuals overestimate their status. We found supportive evidence for our hypotheses in a social relations analysis of laboratory groups, an experiment that manipulated status self-enhancement, and a study of real-world groups. Individuals who engaged in status self-enhancement were liked less by others and paid less for their work. Moreover, individuals tended to perceive their status highly accurately. Mediation analyses showed that status self-enhancers were socially punished because they were seen as disruptive to group processes.
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(2008): Justifying Race Talk. Indexicality and the Social Construction of Race and Linguistic Value. In: Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 18 (1), S. 108-129. DOI: 10.1111/j.1548-1395.2008.00017.x
Abstract: When individuals link linguistic behavior to speaker identity, they justify the differentiation of social types based on speech style, and also attach social value to ways of speaking. This study examines ten interviewees' racial characterizations of pre-recorded voices and highlights how they justify their identification of speaker types and speech styles as socially recognizable. Findings illustrate how interviewees formulate links between linguistic habits and social types with a range of accompanying interdiscursive justifications across orders of indexicality. Implications for theory and practice include connections between normative evaluative race talk and its role in the dialectic reproduction of language ideologies.
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(2008): Handbook of cultural intelligence. Theory, measurement, and applications. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe. Online verfügbar unter http://site.ebrary.com/lib/academiccompletetitles/home.action
Abstract: With conributions from eminent scholars worldwide, this handbook is a state-of-the-science summary of the body of knowledge about cultural intelligence--an individual's ability to funtion effectively in situations characterized by cultural diversity--and its relevance for managing diversity both within and across cultures
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(2008): SOMA. A method for developing service-oriented solutions. In: IBM Systems Journal 47 (3), S. 377-396. DOI: 10.1147/sj.473.0377
Abstract: Service-oriented modeling and architecture (SOMA) has been used to conduct projects of varying scope in multiple industries worldwide for the past five years. We report on the usage and structure of the method used to effectively analyze, design, implement, and deploy service-oriented architecture (SOA) projects as part of a fractal model of software development. We also assert that the construct of a service and service modeling, although introduced by SOA, is a software engineering best practice for which an SOA method aids both SOA usage and adoption. in this paper we present the latest updates to this method and share some of the lessons learned. The SOMA method incorporates the key aspects of overall SOA solution design and delivery and is integrated with existing software development methods through a set of placeholders for key activity areas, forming what we call solution templates. We also present a fractal model of software development that can enable the SOMA method to evolve in an approach that goes beyond the iterative and incremental and instead leverages method components and patterns in a recursive, self-similar manner opportunistically at points of variability in the life cycle.
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(2008): Cross-cultural social intelligence. An assessment for employees working in cross-national contexts. In: Cross Cultural Management 15 (2), S. 109-130. DOI: 10.1108/13527600810870570
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13527600810870570 Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the paper is to discuss the concept of cross-cultural social intelligence (CCSI), its relevance for both selecting and developing expatriates and other employees working in cross-cultural contexts, the development of a situational judgment test to assess CCSI, and practical 'lessons learned' in each of these areas. Design/methodology/approach: The four phases of the development and validation of the CCSI measure (using a total of 184 cross-cultural SMEs) were developing the scenarios and the response alternatives, the content analysis, and establishing construct validity. Findings: The results from the content analysis and construct validation provide support for the use of the CCSI in cross-cultural situations. Research limitations/implications: The CCSI has not yet been validated in a criterion-related way (i.e. based on relations to job performance). This should be done before using for selection. Practical implications: Possible uses for the CCSI in organisations include selection and/or promotion of expatriates and other employees in cross-cultural contexts and several types of training and development initiatives. This instrument is offered (free of charge) to any interested managers or HR practitioners. Originality/value: Despite the expressed need for instruments of this sort, nothing similar currently exists (especially not a theoretically grounded and empirically sound instrument). In addition, the 'lessons learned' provide practical advice to others engaged in similar undertakings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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Ashkanasy, Neal M.; Cooper, Cary L.; Ashkanasy, Neal M. (Ed); Cooper, Cary L. (Ed) (Hg.) (2008): Research companion to emotion in organizations. Northampton, MA, US: Edward Elgar Publishing
Abstract: The study of emotions and their effects in the workplace has become one of the 21st century's most exciting and burgeoning fields of organizational research. This work confirms that it has become increasingly clear that emotions are an essential of our understanding of organizational life." "This Companion brings together many leading scholars to address a wide range of topics in 38 chapters, across five levels of organizational analysis. Chapters tackle structure and measurement of emotion, antecedents and consequences of positive and negative emotions, including effects on work satisfaction and performance. The expression, recognition, and regulation of emotion and the propagation of mood and emotion in groups are also dealt with."--Jacket
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(2008): Becoming friends by chance. In: Psychological science 19 (5), S. 439-440. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02106.x
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(2008): How extraverted is honey.bunny77@hotmail.de?. Inferring personality from e-mail addresses. In: Journal of Research in Personality 42 (4), S. 1116-1122. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.02.001
Abstract: Computer mediated communication (CMC) plays a rapidly growing role in our social lives. Within this domain, e-mail addresses represent the thinnest slice of information that people receive from one another. Using 599 e-mail addresses of young adults, their self-reported personality scores and the personality judgments of 100 independent observers, it was shown that personality impressions based solely on e-mail addresses were consensually shared by observers. Moreover, these impressions contained some degree of validity. This was true for neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and narcissism but not for extraversion. Level of accuracy was explained using lens model analyses: Lay observers made broad use of perceivable e-mail address features in their personality judgments, features were slightly valid and observers were sensitive to subtle differences in validity between cues. Altogether, even the thinnest slice of CMC-the mere e-mail address-contains valid information about the personality of its owner.
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(2008): All in the Timing. In: Small Group Research 39 (3), S. 328-351. DOI: 10.1177/1046496408317036
Abstract: The role of time in measuring group and team temporality constitutes more than a methodological issue-it is a theoretical question. That is, if group interaction is theorized as processual and processes occur through time, then research on team temporality, as well as a range of other issues, must grapple with the methodological implications of our theories. This article contributes to INGRoup's aim to advance theory and methods for understanding groups by exploring methodological approaches that allow researchers to capture a variety of team processes over time. Three case studies address the practical issues involved with employing various types of time-sensitive data collection, time-dependent coding, and time-based analysis, including their advantages and disadvantages. Together, the authors describe diverse field and analytical methods useful for interrogating theoretical assumptions about time in groups. Doing so expands the notion of group temporality to consider the role of both epochal and fungible times at multiple stages of group research. zitiert von 59
Keywords: Data Collection, group dynamics, Gruppenverhalten, Statistical Analysis, teams, time, timing -
(2008) : Learning polite behavior with situation models: 3rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): New York, NY, US: Association for Computing Machinery, S. 209-216
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/1349822.1349850 Abstract: In this paper, we describe experiments with methods for learning the appropriateness of behaviors based on a model of the current social situation. We first review different approaches for social robotics, and present a new approach based on situation modeling. We then review algorithms for social learning and propose three modifications to the classical Q-Learning algorithm. We describe five experiments with progressively complex algorithms for learning the appropriateness of behaviors. The first three experiments illustrate how social factors can be used to improve learning by controlling learning rate. In the fourth experiment we demonstrate that proper credit assignment improves the effectiveness of reinforcement learning for social interaction. In our fifth experiment we show that analogy can be used to accelerate learning rates in contexts composed of many situations.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Convergence, credit assignment, Humans, ieee xplore, Learning, learning (artificial intelligence), Learning by Analogy, machine learning, polite behavior, Q-Learning, Q-learning algorithm, Reinforcement learning, Robot sensing systems, Robots, situation modeling, social aspects of automation, Social factors, social interaction, social learning, Social robotic, social situation, standards -
(2008): Private emotions versus social interaction. A data-driven approach towards analysing emotion in speech. In: User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 18 (1-2), S. 175-206. DOI: 10.1007/s11257-007-9039-4
Abstract: The 'traditional' first two dimensions in emotion research are VALENCE and AROUSAL. Normally, they are obtained by using elicited, acted data. In this paper, we use realistic, spontaneous speech data from our 'AIBO' corpus (human-robot communication, children interacting with Sony's AIBO robot). The recordings were done in a Wizard-of-Oz scenario: the children believed that AIBO obeys their commands; in fact, AIBO followed a fixed script and often disobeyed. Five labellers annotated each word as belonging to one of eleven emotion-related states; seven of these states which occurred frequently enough are dealt with in this paper. The confusion matrices of these labels were used in a Non-Metrical Multi-dimensional Scaling to display two dimensions; the first we interpret as VALENCE, the second, however, not as AROUSAL but as INTERACTION, i.e., addressing oneself (angry, joyful) or the communication partner (motherese, reprimanding). We show that it depends on the specifity of the scenario and on the subjects' conceptualizations whether this new dimension can be observed, and discuss impacts on the practice of labelling and processing emotional data. Two-dimensional solutions based on acoustic and linguistic features that were used for automatic classification of these emotional states are interpreted along the same lines.
Keywords: AIBO, annotation, Arousal, categories, Communication, data-driven, deutsche Community, dimensions, emotion, emotion research, Emotionserkennung, Emotionssensitive Systeme, Interaction, Interaktionspartner, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Kommunikation, Mensch oder Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), non-metrical multi-dimensional scaling, Psychologie, Rolle von Emotion, Realtechnik, script, Soziosensitive Systeme, speech, Technik, Valence -
Baxter, Leslie A.; Braithwaite, Dawn O. (Hg.) (2008): Engaging theories in interpersonal communication. Multiple perspectives. Los Angeles: Sage
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(2008): Women's internalization of sexism: Predictors and antidotes. Dissertation. Universität Marburg, Marburg, zuletzt geprüft am 29.05.2018
Abstract: Sexistische Inhalte werden nicht nur von Männern unterstützt, sondern auch von vielen Frauen befürwortet. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde zunächst der Frage nachgegangen, wie sowohl die unterschiedliche Zustimmung zu Sexismus als auch unterschiedliches Engagement gegen Sexismus von Frauen erklärt werden kann. Daran anschließend wurde untersucht, welche Möglichkeiten es gibt, die Zustimmung zu subtilem Sexismus bei Frauen und Männern zu reduzieren. Es wurde berücksichtigt, dass Frauen sich darin unterscheiden, wie stark sie sich mit der Geschlechtskategorie identifizieren und dass sie unterschiedliche Inhalte mit der Geschlechtskategorie - "progressive" versus "traditionelle" Inhalte - verknüpfen können. Durch die Kombination der Dimensionen Stärke und Inhalt der Identifikation wurde das ,Gender Identity Model" entwickelt, auf dessen Grundlage folgende Hypothesen formuliert wurden: Frauen, die sich stark mit der Kategorie Frau identifizieren und gleichzeitig traditionelle Inhalte mit dieser Kategorie verknüpfen, sollten im Vergleich zu denjenigen, die ebenfalls stark identifiziert sind, aber progressive Inhalte mit der Kategorie verbinden, allen Formen von Sexismus eher zustimmen und sich nicht für eine Veränderung des Status quo einsetzen. Im Gegensatz dazu sollte sich bei niedrig identifizierten Frauen kein Unterschied zwischen denjenigen, die progressive und denjenigen, die traditionelle Inhalte mit der Kategorie Frau verknüpfen, in der Zustimmung zu Sexismus zeigen. Operationalisiert wurde der Inhalt der Identifikation mit der individuellen Geschlechtsrollenpräferenz einer Frau. In einer ersten korrelativen Studie konnten die Hypothesen bestätigt werden. Zwei zusätzliche Experimente lieferten experimentelle Evidenz für die kausale Richtung des Gender Identity Models. Im zweiten Teil der Dissertation wurden Möglichkeiten der Reduktion von Sexismus untersucht. In drei Experimenten wurden die Hypothesen getestet, dass (1) die Akzeptanz von modernem Sexismus durch ein erhöhtes Bewusstsein für die Prävalenz von Sexismus verringert werden kann und (2) die Akzeptanz von benevolentem Sexismus durch erhöhtes Wissen über die negativen Konsequenzen des scheinbar "positiven" Sexismus reduziert werden kann. In einem ersten Experiment wurde zunächst untersucht, ob eine erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit für Sexismus im Alltag zu veränderten Einstellungen führt. Um die Aufmerksamkeit für Sexismus im Alltag zu erhöhen, wurde US-amerikanische Studierende gebeten, eine Woche lang entweder ein strukturiertes Sexismustagebuch oder ein strukturiertes Stresstagebuch (Kontrollgruppe) auszufüllen. Es zeigte sich, dass eine erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit für Sexismus die Zustimmung zu benevolentem, modernem und Neosexismus bei Frauen abschwächen kann. In einem zweiten Experiment waren US-amerikanische Studierende aufgefordert einen von drei Informationstexten, (1) über die Prävalenz von Sexismus, (2) über die negativen Konsequenzen des scheinbar "positiven" Sexismus oder (3) über Stress im Leben von Studierenden, zu bewerten. Gemessen wurde, ob die Texte die Zustimmung zu verschiedenen Formen von Sexismus unterschiedlich beeinflussten. Es zeigte sich, dass Information über die Prävalenz von Sexismus zu einer stärkeren Ablehnung von modernem Sexismus führte, während sich Informationen über negative Konsequenzen des scheinbar "positiven" Sexismus in einer stärkeren Ablehnung von benevolentem Sexismus niederschlugen. Ergebnisse eines dritten Experiments replizierten und erweiterten die Befunde der vorangegangen Studie in einem europäischen Kontext. Es zeigte sich, dass die vorurteilsreduzierenden Effekte bei stark mit der Geschlechtskategorie identifizierten Frauen und wenig identifizierten Männern besonders groß waren. In allen drei Studien zeigte sich außerdem, dass eine erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit für die Prävalenz von Sexismus nicht nur sexistische Einstellungen veränderte, sondern ebenfalls die Tendenz zur Systemrechtfertigung verringerte.
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(2008): Deontic norms, deontic reasoning, and deontic conditionals. In: Thinking & Reasoning 14 (4), S. 305-341. DOI: 10.1080/13546780802222258
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(2008): THE FRAGILITY OF FAIRNESS. AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE CONDITIONAL STATUS OF PRO-SOCIAL NORMS. In: NOUS, S. 229-248
Abstract: Nowadays it has become almost commonsensical to say that behavioral experiments are an important element in the construction of theories about what motivates people to act in one way or another. Yet not much work has been devoted to evaluate whether behavioral experiments can help in assessing the existence of particular social norms and the conditions under which people will comply with them. The goal of this paper is to present evidence in favor of the importance of behavioral experiments, especially regarding the existence and motivational power of fairness norms. Before making my case, however, it is important to be clear about the meaning of social norm, its existence conditions, and the circumstances under which we expect a norm to be followed. To design a meaningful experiment, we have to know what we are looking for, and without a well-defined theory of social norms, there is little hope of reaching any experimental conclusion of theoretical importance.
Keywords: Fairness -
(2008): Social Ontology as Convention. In: Topoi 27 (1-2), S. 139-149. DOI: 10.1007/s11245-008-9036-1
Abstract: I will argue that social ontology is constituted as hierarchical and interlocking conventions of multifarious kinds. Convention, in turn, is modeled in a manner derived from that of David K. Lewis. Convention is usually held to be inadequate for models of social ontologies, with one primary reason being that there seems to be no place for normativity. I argue that two related changes are required in the basic modeling framework in order to address this (and other) issue( s): (1) a shift to an intentional model - among other reasons, in order to account for normativity - and (2) moving away from the belief- desire, propositional attitude, framework for understanding the intentional realm toward an interactive, pragmatic model of intentionality. These shifts provide natural approaches to: (1) understanding the normativities of social realities; (2) the sense in which social ontology is often constituted in implicit relations among the participants rather than elaborated and iterated explicit beliefs and desires; (3) and language.