Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018) : Artificial Empathy in Social Robots: An analysis of Emotions in Speech: 2018 27th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN): Nanjing, China: IEEE Robotics & Automation Society, S. 632-637
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2018.8525652 Abstract: Artificial speech developed using speech synthesizers has been used as the voice for robots in Human Robot Interaction (HRI). As humans anthropomorphize robots, an empathetically interacting robot is expected to increase the level of acceptance of social robots. Here, a human perception experiment evaluates whether human subjects perceive empathy in robot speech. For this experiment, empathy is expressed only by adding appropriate emotions to the words in speech. Also, humans’ preferences for a robot interacting with empathetic speech versus a standard robotic voice are also assessed. The results show that humans are able to perceive empathy and emotions in robot speech, and prefer it over the standard robotic voice. It is important for the emotions in empathetic speech to be consistent with the language content of what is being said, and with the human users’ emotional state. Analyzing emotions in empathetic speech using valence-arousal model has revealed the importance of secondary emotions in developing empathetically speaking social robots.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Anthropomorphism, appropriate emotions, artificial empathy, artificial speech, control engineering computing, emotion recognition, empathetic speech, empathetically interacting robot, human perception experiment, Human robot interaction, human subjects, human users, human-robot interaction, Humans, ieee xplore, Medical services, robot interacting, Robot sensing systems, robot speech, Robots, service robot, social robots, speech synthesis, speech synthesizers, standard robotic voice, standards, Task Analysis 2017
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(2017) : An intervening ethical governor for a robot mediator in patient-caregiver relationship: Implementation and evaluation: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA): Marina Bay Sands, Singapore: IEEE Robotics & Automation Society, S. 2936-2942
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA.2017.7989340 Abstract: A robot mediator can enhance the quality of patient care in a health care context. Patients with Parkinson’s disease can experience difficulties in precisely expressing their emotions due to the loss of control of their facial musculature, leading to their stigmatization by caregivers. To remedy this challenge, a robot mediator can be inserted into a patient-caregiver relationship. In this context, it is essential to handle the ethical issues of neglect to ensure human dignity. In an earlier paper [19], we proposed an intervening ethical governor (IEG) model, which enables a robot to ethically intervene in a situation where patients or caregivers go across accepted ethical boundaries. In this paper, we show how the IEG model can be implemented and applied in a real robotics system. In addition, by conducting interviews with the target population (adults 60 years of age or older), we evaluate the current intervention rules in the model, discuss potential improvements to the model, and consider uses of the model in real clinical contexts.
Keywords: Diseases, ethical aspects, ethical boundaries, ethical governor, facial musculature, Health Care, health care context, human dignity, ieee xplore, IEG model, intervening ethical governor model, Interviews, medical robotics, Medical services, Monitoring, Moral & Ethik, Parkinson disease, Patient Care, patient-caregiver relationship, real clinical contexts, real robotics system, robot mediator, Sensors, service robot, Stigmatization, Videos 2015
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(2015) : Civilized collaboration: Ethical architectures for enforcing legal requirements and mediating social norms in HRI: 2015 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS): Atlanta, Georgia, USA: IEEE
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CTS.2015.7210394 Abstract: The ways in which we treat each other, typically underpinned by an ethical theory, serve as a foundation for civilized activity. Bounds and requirements are established for normal and acceptable interactions between humans. If we are to create robotic systems to reside among us, they must also adhere to a set of related values that humans operate under. This talk first describes the importance of such conventions in human-robot interaction, then outlines a way forward including the difficult research questions remaining to be confronted in ethical human robot interaction (HRI). In particular, examples involving architectures using ethical governors, moral emotions, responsibility advisors and theories of mind are described in two quite different contexts: warfare [1,2] and the maintenance of human dignity in healthcare [3-5]. Even the role of deception must be considered as an important adjunct to HRI, as it may yield more effective intentional and autonomous social robots if properly deployed [6-7]. Finally, we can consider how robots may eventually be able to engineer more socially just human beings via nudging and the ethical questions associated with using such devices [8].
Keywords: autonomous social robots, civilized activity, civilized collaboration, Computer architecture, Context, ethical architectures, ethical aspects, ethical governors, ethical human robot interaction, Ethical Theory, Ethics, HRI, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, legal requirements, Medical services, Moral & Ethik, Moral emotions, responsibility advisors, robotic systems, Robots, service robot, Social Norms 2011
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(2011): Socially Assistive Robotics. In: IEEE Robotics Automation Magazine 18 (1), S. 24-31. DOI: 10.1109/MRA.2010.940150
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MRA.2010.940150 Abstract: Socially assistive robotics (SAR) aims to address critical areas and gaps in care by automating supervision, coaching, motivation, and companion ship aspects of one-on-one interactions with individuals from various large and growing populations, including stroke survivors, the elderly and individuals with dementia, and children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This article examines the ethical challenges of SAR from three points of view (user, caregiver, and peer) using core principles from medical ethics (autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice) to determine how intended and unintended effects of SAR can impact the delivery of care.
Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorders, elderly, Ethics, Human Factors, ieee xplore, individuals with dementia, medical ethics, medical robotics, Medical services, Mobile robots, Moral & Ethik, one-on-one interactions, patient rehabilitation, Robots, Senior citizens, socially assistive robotics, stroke survivors 2006
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(2006) : Modeling Affect in Socially Interactive Robots: ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human: Hatfield, UK: IEEE, S. 558-563
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2006.314448 Abstract: Humans use expressions of emotion in a very social manner, to convey messages such as "I'm happy to see you" or "I want to be comforted," and people's long-term relationships depend heavily on shared emotional experiences. We believe that for robots to interact naturally with humans in social situations they should also be able to express emotions in both short-term and long-term relationships. To this end, we have developed an affective model for social robots. This generative model attempts to create natural, human-like affect and includes distinctions between immediate emotional responses, the overall mood of the robot, and long-term attitudes toward each visitor to the robot. This paper presents the general affect model as well as particular details of our implementation of the model on one robot, the Roboceptionist
Keywords: Cultural differences, Displays, emotion & social robotics, emotion recognition, Global communication, human emotion, Human robot interaction, Humanoid Robots, ieee xplore, interactive systems, man-machine systems, Medical services, Mood, Orbital robotics, Roboceptionist, Senior citizens, Social robotic, socially interactive robots 2005
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(2005) : Defining Socially Assistive Robotics: 2005 IEEE 9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics: 9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005: Chicago, IL, USA: June 28-July 1, 2005: [Place of publication not identified]: I E E E, S. 465-468
Abstract: This paper defines the research area of socially assistive robotics, focusing on assisting people through social interaction. While much attention has been paid to robots that provide assistance to people through physical contact (which we call contact assistive robotics), and to robots that entertain through social interaction (social interactive robotics), so far there is no clear definition of socially assistive robotics. We summarize active social assistive research projects and classify them by target populations, application domains, and interaction methods. While distinguishing these from socially interactive robotics endeavors, we discuss challenges and opportunities that are specific to the growing field of socially assistive robotics.
Keywords: Alltag, education, Educational robots, handicapped aids, Hospitals, Human robot interaction, ieee xplore, intelligent robots, Laboratories, Manipulators, man-machine systems, medical robotics, Medical services, Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion, Mobile robots, patient rehabilitation, people assistance, Rehabilitation robotics, Senior citizens, service robot, Sociable robots, social aspects of automation, social assistive research projects, social interaction, socially assistive robotics -
(2005) : Three-layered draw-attention model for humanoid robots with gestures and verbal cues: 2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems: 2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems: Piscataway NJ: IEEE, S. 2423-2428
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545293 Abstract: When we talk about objects in an environment, we indicate to a listener which object is currently under consideration by using pointing gesture and such reference terms as "this" and "that". Such reference terms play an important role in human interaction by quickly informing the listener of an indicated object’s location. In this research, we propose a three-layered draw-attention model for humanoid robots with gestures and verbal cues. Our proposed three-layered model consists of three sub models: reference term model (RTM), limit distance model (LDM) and object property model (OPM). RTM decides an appropriate reference term using functions constructed by an analysis of human behavior. LDM decides whether to use the object’s property with a reference term. OPM decides the appropriate property for indicating the object by comparing object properties with each other. We developed an attention drawing system in a communication robot named "Robovie" based on the three layered model. We confirmed its effectiveness through the experiments.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Cities, communication robot, Gesture recognition, Human behavior, Human Computer Interaction, human interaction, Human robot interaction, Humanoid Robot, Humanoid Robots, human-robot interaction, human-robot interface, ieee xplore, intelligent robots, Knowledge engineering, limit distance model, Medical services, object property model, pointing gesture, reference term model, robot gesture, robot verbal cue, Robovie, Senior citizens, speech recognition, three-layered draw attention model, towns
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