Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): Fair is foul, and foul is fair. Experimental evolutionary studies of mismatch. In: Journal of Bioeconomics 20 (1), S. 153-157. DOI: 10.1007/s10818-017-9266-7
Abstract: We describe two types of experimental evolution studies of 'mismatch' that are relevant to economics. 'Evolutionary mismatch' is the concept that an organism can be importantly 'out of sync' with its environment. In such cases, an organism may choose an option that is inferior to a feasible alternative. Mainstream and behavioral economics do not address the notion of evolutionary mismatch. We argue for an empirical program on mismatch utilizing the methodology of experimental evolution. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
2017
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(2017) : Cultural and genetic influences on emotion: The role of motivational processes in gene-culture interactions. In: Church, A. T.: Culture and characteristic adaptations: Santa Barbara, California, USA: Praeger/ABC-CLIO, S. 35-59
Abstract: Imagine you have just arrived in a country you have never visited before. The language spoken is different from yours, and yet you find that you are able to communicate at least some of your sentiments with the local people. You can express your feelings of excitement, perhaps from being in an exotic environment, as well as your frustrations from getting a little lost. Through your facial expressions, gestures, and physiological responses—sweating palms, a racing heart, and rapid breathing—some of your basic emotions come across to the people you meet. Although the general meaning of certain emotions may be shared, are emotions experienced and expressed in the same way across cultures? How do biological factors, such as genetic and physiological processes, interact with social and cultural factors to influence emotions? In this chapter, we first review research on culture and emotional experience and expression. Next, we review the theoretical background for gene-cult ure inte raction research, and we put forward a novel hypothesis that considers the role of motivational processes in these interaction effects: the motivational setting hypothesis. We then discuss gene culture interaction research with cultural psychological findings in the area of emotion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
2014
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(2014): Experiential effects on mirror systems and social learning. Implications for social intelligence. In: Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37 (2), S. 217-218. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X1300246X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X1300246X Abstract: Comments on an article by Richard Cook et al. (see record [rid]2014-16775-029[/rid]). Investigations of biases and experiential effects on social learning, social information use, and mirror systems can usefully inform one another. Unconstrained learning is predicted to shape mirror systems when the optimal response to an observed act varies, but constraints may emerge when immediate error-free responses are required and evolutionary or developmental history reliably predicts the optimal response. Given the power of associative learning, such constraints may be rare. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Animal Learning, Animals, Associative Processes, Biological Evolution, BRAIN, genetic adaptation, Genetics, human brain, Humans, Learning, Lerntheorien, mirror neurons, monkey brain, Monkeys, sensorimotor associative learning, Social intelligence, Social Perception, Soziale Intelligenz, Verhaltensforschung 2013
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(2013) : Genetic and environmental influences on aggressive and deviant behavior. In: Thomas, Christopher R.; Pope, Kayla (Hg.): The origins of antisocial behavior: A developmental perspective: New York, NY: Oxford University Press, S. 39-56
Abstract: Over the past three decades, and especially in the past 5 years, a great deal of effort has been dedicated to discovering genetic effects on a wide range of human disorders, diseases, and behaviors. In the field of behavioral genetics, there have been a tremendous number of studies examining genetic and environmental contributions to deviant behavior. Improvements in the methodology of twin and adoption studies have demonstrated the influence of genetics on mental disorders throughout the lifespan. This chapter describes different ways in which aggression, rule breaking, and deviant behaviors are defined and then discusses the many approaches to identifying genetic influences on these definitions. Following a brief introduction and literature review, the chapter defines common quantitative measures of deviant behavior, describes the development and subtypes of deviant behavior, and examines behavioral genetic studies of deviant behavior. Specifically, aggression and deviant behavior are examined from a perspective of twin and adoption studies (including gene by environment), as well as of familial variable studies (e.g., assortative mating). Finally, a brief review of future approaches and promising areas of research concludes this chapter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2013): Promise and Challenges Surrounding Culture–Gene Coevolution and Gene–Culture Interactions. In: Psychological Inquiry 24 (1), S. 64-70. DOI: 10.1080/1047840X.2013.764814
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2013.764814 Abstract: Comments on an article by Joan Y. Chiao et al. (see record 2013-09968-001). Advances in neuroscience have heavily influenced many areas of psychological research in recent years, and cultural psychology is no exception. In fact, as Joan Y. Chiao et al. emphasize in the target article, cultural psychology and neuroscience may have formed a particularly strong partnership in the business of explaining human diversity. Cultural psychology provides an explanatory framework for understanding meaningful variation in thought and behavior across cultures, and neuroscience offers explanations of how the brain and genes underlie psychological processes. By combining these two perspectives into a new field, cultural neuroscience may be well equipped to investigate the mind more completely, as arising from multiple, interacting forces from within and beyond the individual. Chiao et al. put forth an important and impressive model of cultural neuroscience, the center of which is cultur e–gene coevolution theory, or the dual inheritance theory of human behavior. The promise of cultural neuroscience, and of the study of genes and culture in particular, is great. This culture–gene research may help scientists better understand population health disparities, as Chiao et al. point out, and achieve a more nuanced, and ultimately more accurate, view of the human mind. The target article also highlights the gene–culture interaction framework, in addition to culture–gene coevolution theory, as playing an important role in understanding variation in psychological outcomes. Yet for culture–gene research more broadly to continue to make an impact, there are some important challenges that should be addressed. Chiao et al. understanding of how human diversity may be impacted by both genetic and cultural selection with an ambitious theory of culture– gene coevolution, and I commend the authors for bringing these very important issues to the forefront. Although some k ey chall enges remain to be addressed in future research—such as which cultural traits are adaptive, whether culture–gene relationships are causal, and when genetic variants should correlate and/or interact with the cultural environment—the promise of cultural neuroscience is evident. The integration of biological and neuroscientific perspectives with cultural psychology will continue to be crucial for advancing understandings of the mind, brain, and behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 8
2008
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(2008) : Socialization In: Haith, Marshall M.: Encyclopedia of infant and early childhood development: Amsterdam: Elsevier Acad. Press, S. 224-235
Abstract: Socialization is the process by which infants and children acquire the standards, skills, motives, attitudes, and behaviors that are appropriate for a particular society and culture. Currently, ecological systems theory is the central framework for understanding socialization. According to this perspective, many agents play a role in the socialization process including families, peers, media, neighborhoods, schools, and religious institutions. Within families, various subsystems are recognized, including the parent–child dyad, the co-parenting, marital, and sibling subsystems as well as the family unit itself. Families, in turn, are embedded in a variety of extrafamilial socialization systems (e.g., peers and schools) and they operate together with families rather than independently. A variety of factors such as child characteristics including genetic differences, personal parental resources, contextual factors, and ethnicity modify the operation of these socialization influences.
1986
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(1986): Technische Dynamik und gesellschaftliche Moral. Zur soziologischen Bedeutung der Gentechnologie. In: Soziale Welt 37 (2-3), S. 149-172
Abstract: Am Beispiel der Anwendungen der Gentechnologie auf den Menschen werden einige Grundzuge des gesellschaftlichen Aushandelns neuer Techniken dargestellt. Zunachst werden Tendenzen der Anwendung der Gentechnik charakterisiert, denen Kontrollanspruche entgegengesetzt werden. Danach wird die Relevanz der Moral fur die Steuerung technischer Entwicklung unter der Bedingung funktional ausdifferenzierter Handlungsbereiche diskutiert. Abschliessend werden einige Hinweise auf den Wandel moralischer Wertvorstellungen unter dem Einfluss neuer technischer Moglichkeiten gegeben. zitiert von: 23
Keywords: Genetics, Gesellschaft, Mensch-Technik-Relation, Moral, Morality, Social Change, Social Values, society, technology
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