Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): Alibis for Adult Play. A Goffmanian Account of Escaping Embarrassment in Adult Play. In: Games and culture 13 (3), S. 260-279. DOI: 10.1177/1555412017721086
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29706842 Abstract: The social meanings of play sit at odds with norms of responsible and productive adult conduct. To be "caught" playing as an adult therefore risks embarrassment. Still, many designers want to create enjoyable, nonembarrassing play experiences for adults. To address this need, this article reads instances of spontaneous adult play through the lens of Erving Goffman's theory of the interaction order to unpack conditions and strategies for nonembarrassing adult play. It identifies established frames, segregated audiences, scripts supporting smooth performance, managing audience awareness, role distancing, and, particularly, alibis for play: Adults routinely provide alternative, adult-appropriate motives to account for their play, such as child care, professional duties, creative expression, or health. Once legitimized, the norms and rules of play themselves then provide an alibi for behavior that would risk being embarrassing outside play.
Keywords: accounts, adult play, adulthood, alibi, BEHAVIOR, Disziplin, embarrassment, Erving Goffman, frame analysis, Goffman, IDENTITY, Interaktion, Kulturtheorie, MODELS, play, motivational accounting system, Rechtfertigung, role distance, script, Spiel, spielen, theory of interaction, Theory of interaction (Goffman), TRANSITION, VOCABULARIES, Wissen um Normen, WORK 2017
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(2017): Narratives and Online Decorum. The Rhetoric of Mark Zuckerberg's Personal Storytelling on Facebook. In: STYLE 51 (3), S. 374-390. DOI: 10.1353/sty.2017.0031
Abstract: The article ties in with and attempts to further interests in the - rhetorical aspects of personal storytelling by examining what is taken to be a pervasive yet understudied form of purposeful storytelling. The overall aim is to investigate how the narration of intimate biographical events may be used to influence or mold matters of decorum or appropriate behavior. Through close reading of the use of narratives in a Facebook post by Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, the article argues for the potential meta-decorous nature of such posts; in addition to their private content, they are about what posting is or should be, and therefore also about what it may be, or should mean, to be someone posting on Facebook. Consequently, these personal stories are read as peculiar amalgamations of the personal, the strategic, and the moral.
Keywords: Appropriateness, Art des Kommunikationsmediums, das Persönliche, decorum, doppelter Treffer, Facebook, Identität, Identitätsstiftung, Intimität, Kommunikation, Kommunikationsstrategie, Mensch-Maschine-Releation, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Moral, Morals, Öffentlicher vs. privater Raum, Rhetorik, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Social Network, Social Network Einfluss, Soziale Angemessenheit, Storytelling, Strategien zur Erlangung von Sympathie, Wissen um Normen 2016
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(2016): Multiple Audiences as Text Stakeholders. A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Complex Rhetorical Situations. In: Argumentation 30 (4), S. 467-499. DOI: 10.1007/s10503-016-9394-6
Abstract: In public communication contexts, such as when a company announces the proposal for an important organizational change, argumentation typically involves multiple audiences, rather than a single and homogenous group, let alone an individual interlocutor. In such cases, an exhaustive and precise characterization of the audience structure is crucial both for the arguer, who needs to design an effective argumentative strategy, and for the external analyst, who aims at reconstructing such a strategic discourse. While the peculiar relevance of multiple audience is often emphasized in the argumentation literature and in rhetorical studies, proposals for modelling multi-audience argumentative situations remain scarce and unsystematic. To address this gap, we propose an analytical framework which integrates three conceptual constructs: (1) Rigotti and Rocci's notion of communicative activity type, understood as the implementation of an interaction scheme into a piece of institutional reality, named interaction field; (2) the stakeholder concept, originally developed in strategic management and public relations studies to refer to any actor who affects and/or is affected by the organizational actions and who, accordingly, carries an interest in them; (3) the concept of participant role as it emerges from Goffman's theory of conversation analysis and related linguistic and media studies. From this integration, we derive the notion of text stakeholder for referring to any organizational actor whose interest (stake) becomes an argumentative issue which the organizational text must account for in order to effectively achieve its communicative aim. The text stakeholder notion enables a more comprehensive reconstruction and characterization of multiple audience by eliciting the relevant participants staged in a text and identifying, for each of them, the interactional role they have, the peculiar interest they bear and the related argumentative issue they create. Considering as an illustrative case the defense document issued by a corporation against a hostile takeover attempt made by another corporation, we show how this framework can support the analysis of strategic maneuvering by better defining the audience demand and, so, better explaining how real arguers design and adapt their topical and presentational choices.
Keywords: breites Publikum, Communicative Activity Type nach Rigotti und Rocci, Goffman, Interaktionspartner, Kommunikation, Kommunikationswissenschaft, Konversationsanalyse, Öffentliche Darstellung, Öffentlicher vs. privater Raum, Öffentlichkeit, Publikumswirksamkeit, Rhetorik, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, stakeholder, Stakeholder Concept (of Communication), Strategien zur Erlangung von Sympathie, Theory of interaction (Goffman), Wissen um Normen -
(2016): The Table Manners in the 18th Century: Sociocultural Evolution through the Rules of Etiquette. Se mettre à table au xviiie siècle. In: Cahiers balkaniques (Hors-série). DOI: 10.4000/ceb.7709
Abstract: The manuals containing rules of courteous behavior and morals, the Chrestomathies, published during the 18th and 19th centuries targeted a wide public consisting of the rising social classes. Their authors were seeking to elaborate on a new ethic that complied with the spirit of their time. But is also a matter of integrating in the Greek mentality the codes of manners and politeness, including the table manners. This paper proposes to examine the chapter of Cesarius Dapontes's Chrestomathy dedicated to table manners in order to understand the sociocultural and ideological evolution throughout the rules of etiquette.
2015
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(2015): ‘Guys don’t whale away at the women’. Etiquette and gender relations in contemporary mixed-doubles tennis. In: Sport in Society 19 (8-9), S. 1214-1233. DOI: 10.1080/17430437.2015.1067773
Abstract: This article examines recent developments in etiquette in contemporary mixed-doubles tennis (MDT), to position different behavioural expectations for men/women in the broader context of shifting gender relations. Content analysis of coaching guides published from the 1960-1980s revealed that historically rooted gender distinctions in terms of court positioning, tactics, and playing roles/expectations were reaffirmed, continuing to undermine and marginalize females yet privilege males based on assumed innate differences in physical attributes. Etiquette norms in this era were compared to those found in the early twenty-first century (2000-2010s), through content analysis of online forums/blogs for recreational and elite-level MDT. It was found that while gendered tactics related to court positioning and playing roles were sustained, an important shift in etiquette norms related to chivalry occurred, but was not comprehensively accepted among all players. This development was attributed to third-wave feminist challenges to male chivalry, alongside the burgeoning crisis of masculinity' that increasingly pushed men towards adopting a hybridized masculinity' to assuage public critiques of hegemonic/orthodox masculinity in sport.
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(2015): Decorum and the Meanings of Materials in Triumphal Architecture of Republican Rome. In: JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIANS 74 (3), S. 289-311
Abstract: In Decorum and the Meanings of Materials in Triumphal Architecture of Republican Rome, Maggie L. Popkin argues that the literal and figurative values of materials in republican triumphal architecture stemmed from complex interactions among patron, architect, audience, and sociohistorical context. Several case studies—the Temple of Fortuna Equestris, the Porticus Metelli, the Round Temple on the Tiber, and Temple B in the Area Sacra di Largo Argentina—demonstrate that the juxtaposition of multiple materials, changing historical circumstances, and new groups of viewers resulted in constantly shifting meanings of materials in republican architecture. The Roman notion of decorum helps explain the shifting uses and valuations of materials. Factors such as the monument’s patron, the event that sparked its construction, its location, the monument type, the availability of materials, and the intended audiences affected the choice of materials and their intended and perceived meanings, which had rich conceptual and imaginative potential to evoke Roman conquest, piety, and spectacle.
Keywords: Architektur, Architektur (high and low ranking buildings), Art des Kommunikationsmediums, decorum, Geschichte, Häuser, Kunst, Öffentlicher vs. privater Raum, Raum/Ort, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Social Rank, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, Sozialer Wert von Objekten/Prestigeobjekte etc., Strategien zur Erlangung von Sympathie, Wissen um Normen 2014
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(2014): The Puffery and Practicality of Etiquette Books. A New Take on Victorian Information Culture. In: Library Trends 62 (3), S. 663-680. DOI: 10.1353/lib.2014.0011
2010
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(2010): When is an email really offensive?. Argumentativity and variability in evaluations of impoliteness. In: Journal of Politeness Research. Language, Behaviour, Culture 6 (1). DOI: 10.1515/jplr.2010.002
Abstract: The analysis in this paper centres on an email exchange between a lecturer and a student at the University of Auckland which resulted in the dismissal of that lecturer. This dismissal gave rise to significant controversy, both off- and online, as to whether the email itself was simply "intemperate" and "angry'', or more seriously "offensive" and "racist". Through a close analysis of the interpretations of the entails by the lecturer and student, as well as online evaluations made on blogs and discussion boards, it becomes apparent that the inherent discursivity of evaluations of impoliteness arises not only from different perceptions of norms, but also from the ways in which commentators position themselves vis-a-vis these evaluations. It also emerges that the relative level of discursive dispute is mediated by the technological and situational characteristics of the CMC medium in which these evaluations occurred. It is concluded that research into various forums of online interaction provides a unique window into the inherent variability and argumentativity of perceptions of offensive behaviour as a public record of discursive disputes surrounding particular alleged violations of norms of appropriateness can be (re) scrutinized in such forums.
2009
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(2009): Moral Machines. Teaching Robots Right From Wrong. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press
Abstract: The human‐built environment is increasingly being populated by artificial agents that, through artificial intelligence (AI), are capable of acting autonomously. The software controlling these autonomous systems is, to‐date, “ethically blind” in the sense that the decision‐making capabilities of such systems does not involve any explicit moral reasoning. The title Moral Machines: Teaching Robots Right from Wrong refers to the need for these increasingly autonomous systems (robots and software bots) to become capable of factoring ethical and moral considerations into their decision making. The new field of inquiry directed at the development of artificial moral agents is referred to by a number of names including machine morality, machine ethics, roboethics, or artificial morality. Engineers exploring design strategies for systems sensitive to moral considerations in their choices and actions will need to determine what role ethical theory should play in defining control architectures for such systems.
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