Alle Publikationen
2008
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(2008): Pride and respect in volunteers’ organizational commitment. In: European Journal of Social Psychology 38, S. 159-172
Abstract: As volunteer organizations cannot rely on instrumental means to motivate their workers, we examine organizational commitment as a focal indicator of work motivation among volunteers. Based on a social identity analysis and previous work among paid employees, we argue that pride in the organization and respect from the organization predicts organizational commitment among volunteers. We further propose that among volunteers the perceived importance of volunteer work is an antecedent of pride, and that perceived support from the organization is an antecedent of respect. In this study among volunteer workers, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) offers empirical support for our hypothesized model. In addition to the theoretical significance of developing a model that explains organizational commitment among volunteer workers, this study also has practical relevance, as it indicates that volunteer organizations might convey the importance of volunteer work and provide organizational support to induce pride and respect as a means of enhancing organizational commitment among their volunteers.
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(2008): Volunteer recruitment: The role of organizational support and anticipated respect in non-volunteers' attraction to charitable volunteer organizations. In: Journal of Applied Psychology 93 (5), S. 1013-1026. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.93.5.1013
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18808222 Abstract: In 3 experiments the authors examined how specific characteristics of charitable volunteer organizations contribute to the recruitment of new volunteers. In line with predictions, Study 1 revealed that providing non-volunteers with information about organizational support induced anticipated feelings of respect, which subsequently enhanced their attraction to the volunteer organization. However, information about the current success of the volunteer organization did not affect anticipated pride (as among those who seek paid employment) and in fact caused potential volunteers to perceive the organization as being in less need for additional volunteers. Study 2 further showed that information about support from the volunteer organization is a more relevant source of anticipated respect and organizational attraction than support from co-volunteers. Study 3 finally showed that information about task and emotional support for volunteers contributes to anticipated respect and organizational attractiveness and that this increases the actual willingness of non-volunteers to participate in the volunteer organization. Interventions aimed at attracting volunteers and avenues for further research are discussed.
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(2008): Le sens pratique. Repr. Paris: Éditions de Minuit (Le sens commun)
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(2008): Impoliteness in interaction. Amsterdam u.a.: Benjamins
Abstract: This study concerns the nature of impoliteness in face-to-face spoken interaction. For more than three decades many pragmatic and sociolinguistic studies of interaction have considered politeness to be one central explanatory concept governing and underpinning face-to-face interaction. Politeness' "evil twin" impoliteness has been largely neglected until only very recently. This book, the first of its kind on the subject, considers the role that impoliteness has to play by drawing extracts from a range of discourse types (car parking disputes, army and police training, police-public interactions and kitchen discourse). The study considers the triggering of impoliteness; explores the dynamic progression of impolite exchanges, and examines the way in which such exchanges come to some form of resolution. 'Face' and the linguistic sophistication and manipulation of discoursally expected norms to cause, or deflect impoliteness is also explored, as is the dynamic and sometimes hotly contested nature of an individual's socio-discoursal role.
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(2008): Impoliteness in Interaction
Abstract: This study concerns the nature of impoliteness in face-to-face spoken interaction. For more than three decades many pragmatic and sociolinguistic studies of interaction have considered politeness to be one central explanatory concept governing and underpinning face-to-face interaction. Politeness' "evil twin" impoliteness has been largely neglected until only very recently. This book, the first of its kind on the subject, considers the role that impoliteness has to play by drawing extracts from a range of discourse types (car parking disputes, army and police training, police-public interactions and kitchen discourse). The study considers the triggering of impoliteness; explores the dynamic progression of impolite exchanges, and examines the way in which such exchanges come to some form of resolution. 'Face' and the linguistic sophistication and manipulation of discoursally expected norms to cause, or deflect impoliteness is also explored, as is the dynamic and sometimes hotly contested nature of an individual's socio-discoursal role.
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(2008): Impoliteness in Interaction. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Abstract: This study concerns the nature of impoliteness in face-to-face spoken interaction. For more than three decades many pragmatic and sociolinguistic studies of interaction have considered politeness to be one central explanatory concept governing and underpinning face-to-face interaction. Politeness' "evil twin" impoliteness has been largely neglected until only very recently. This book, the first of its kind on the subject, considers the role that impoliteness has to play by drawing extracts from a range of discourse types (car parking disputes, army and police training, police-public interactions and kitchen discourse). The study considers the triggering of impoliteness; explores the dynamic progression of impolite exchanges, and examines the way in which such exchanges come to some form of resolution. 'Face' and the linguistic sophistication and manipulation of discoursally expected norms to cause, or deflect impoliteness is also explored, as is the dynamic and sometimes hotly contested nature of an individual's socio-discoursal role.
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Bousfield, Derek; Locher, Miriam A. (Hg.) (2008): Impoliteness in language. Studies on its interplay with power in theory and practice. Conference "Politeness: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Language and Culture". Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter (Language, power and social process)
Abstract: The volume addresses the enormous imbalance that exists between academic interest in politeness phenomena when compared to impoliteness phenomena. Researchers working with Brown and Levinson's ([1978] 1987) seminal work on politeness rarely focused explicitly on impoliteness. As a result, only one aspect of facework/relational work has been studied in detail. Next to this research desideratum, politeness research is on the move again, with alternative conceptions of politeness to those of Brown and Levinson being further developed. In this volume researchers present, discuss and explore the concept of linguistic impoliteness, the crucial differences and interconnectedness between lay understandings of impoliteness and the academic concept within a theory of facework/relational work, as well as the exercise of power that is involved when impoliteness occurs. The authors offer solid discussions of the theoretical issues involved and draw on data from political interaction, interaction with legally constituted authorities, workplace interaction in the factory and the office, code-switching and Internet practices. The collection offers inspiration for research on impoliteness in many different research fields, such as (critical) discourse analysis, conversation analysis, pragmatics and stylistics, as well as linguistic approaches to studies in conflict and conflict resolution.
Keywords: Aufsatzsammlungen, Brown & Levinson, Disziplin, Good manners, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, (Im)Politeness Research, Impoliteness, Interpersonal Relations, Kongress, Linguistik, Macht, Politeness (Linguistics), Power (Social sciences), Sammelband, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sprachverhalten, Überblick, Unhöflichkeit, Zweite Welle -
(2008): Impoliteness in Language. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co.KG
Abstract: The volume addresses the enormous imbalance that exists between academic interest in politeness phenomena when compared to impoliteness phenomena. Researchers working with Brown and Levinson's ([1978] 1987) seminal work on politeness rarely focused explicitly on impoliteness. As a result, only one aspect of facework/relational work has been studied in detail. Next to this research desideratum, politeness research is on the move again, with alternative conceptions of politeness to those of Brown and Levinson being further developed. In this volume researchers present, discuss and explore the concept of linguistic impoliteness, the crucial differences and interconnectedness between lay understandings of impoliteness and the academic concept within a theory of facework/relational work, as well as the exercise of power that is involved when impoliteness occurs. The authors offer solid discussions of the theoretical issues involved and draw on data from political interaction, interaction with legally constituted authorities, workplace interaction in the factory and the office, code-switching and Internet practices. The collection offers inspiration for research on impoliteness in many different research fields, such as (critical) discourse analysis, conversation analysis, pragmatics and stylistics, as well as linguistic approaches to studies in conflict and conflict resolution.
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(2008) : Emotional and social intelligence competencies In: Ashkanasy, Neal M.; Cooper, Cary L.; Ashkanasy, Neal M. (Ed); Cooper, Cary L. (Ed) (Hg.): Research companion to emotion in organizations: Northampton, MA, US: Edward Elgar Publishing, S. 226-244
Abstract: Human talent has many components from values to traits to skills. These elements are conceptualized, defined, and measured in many ways. Often attributed to a statement by Edward Thorndike in the 1920s, efforts to explore deep capability have been linked to various forms of 'intelligence' beyond cognitive. In contrast to the cognitive realm, these alternatives are using the term 'intelligence' to connote a core or basic capability of the individual as it applies to various aspects of human comportment. Emotional and social intelligence competencies are a behavioral manifestation of two of these sets of abilities. Research published over the last 30 years or so shows us that outstanding leaders, managers, advanced professionals and people in key jobs, from sales to bank tellers, appear to require three clusters of behavioral habits as threshold abilities and three clusters of competencies as distinguishing outstanding performance. The threshold clusters of competencies include: expertise and experience is a threshold level of competency; knowledge (i.e., declarative, procedural, functional and metacognitive) is a threshold competency; and an assortment of basic cognitive competencies, such as memory and deductive reasoning are threshold competencies. This chapter is an exploration of the competency, or behavioral approach to emotional and social intelligence. Let us first start with how they are defined, determined and measured. Are competencies enough for outstanding performance? No, so let us look at the larger picture for the role of competencies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: behavioral approach, cognitive competencies, competence, competencies, Emotional Intelligence, Emotionsforschung, Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Intelligence, Kognitionswissenschaften, Organizational behavior, Social intelligence, Soziale Intelligenz, Sozialpsychologie, Verhaltensforschung -
(2008): Politeness. Some universals in language usage. 17. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Abstract: This study is about the principles for constructing polite speeches. The core of it first appeared in Questions and Politeness, edited by Esther N. Goody (now out of print). It is here reissued with a fresh introduction that surveys the considerable literature in linguistics, psychology and the social sciences that the original extended essay stimulated, and suggests distinct directions for research. The authors describe and account for some remarkable parallelisms in the linguistic construction of utterances with which people express themselves in different languages and cultures. A motive for these parallels is isolated - politeness, broadly defined to include both polite friendliness and polite formality - and a universal model is constructed outlining the abstract principles underlying polite usages. This is based on the detailed study of three unrelated languages and cultures: the Tamil of South India, the Tzeltal spoken by Mayan Indians in Chiapas, Mexico, and the English of the USA and England, supplemented by examples from other cultures. Underneath the apparent diversity of polite behaviour in different societies lie some general pan-human principles of social interaction, and the model of politeness provides a tool for analysing the quality of social relations in any society. This volume will be of special interest to students in linguistic pragmatics, sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, anthropology, and the sociology and social psychology of interaction
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Brun, Georg; Doğuoğlu, Ulvi; Kuenzle, Dominique (Hg.) (2008): Epistemology and emotions. London: Ashgate
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(2008): An analysis of employee recognition: Perspectives on human resources practices. In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management 19, S. 716-730
Abstract: Employee recognition is as much an organizational management issue as it is one related to the basic needs of individuals. Although it is gaining wider and wider currency in sociology and organizational psychology circles, this complex notion is still fairly vague in the management world. What exactly is employee recognition? What are its limitations and conceptual nuances? What does the act of recognition entail? These are the central questions addressed by this article. The article starts by examining the growing need for recognition expressed by today's workers. It then goes on to provide an overview of the social and organizational context surrounding the issue. Finally, it presents the various approaches and methods used to promote employee recognition, as well as the sources of this recognition within an organization. Four conceptual approaches to recognition are analyzed: the ethical perspective; the humanistic and existential view; the work psychodynamics school; and the behavioural outlook. An analysis of these different theoretical perspectives reveals that recognition takes four main forms: personal recognition; recognition of results; recognition of work practice; and recognition of job dedication. The field of recognition, meanwhile, is characterized by the presence of five types of interactions: organizational; vertical; horizontal; external and social.
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(2008) : Linguistische Epistemologie. Zur Konvergenz von kognitiver und kulturwissenschaftlicher Semantik am Beispiel von Begriffsgeschichte, Diskursanalyse und Frame-Semantik In: Kämper, Heidrun; Eichinger, Ludwig M. (Hg.): Sprache - Kognition - Kultur: Sprache zwischen mentaler Struktur und kultureller Prägung: Vorträge der Jahrestagung 2007 des Instituts für Deutsche Sprache: Berlin: De Gruyter, S. 73-114
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(2008): Managing emotional expressions in social contexts. The motivations for emotional equilibrium in small-town Yucatan. In: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 68 (10-B)
Abstract: Current academic research on Americans who consistently suppress their emotional expressions tends to provide empirical proof for the negative consequences of such actions. In particular, some researchers believe that suppression of emotional expressions leads to a decrease in well-being and proves to be less adaptive (for example, for interpersonal relations and long-term health) over time (Gross, 2003; Butler 2003 offers two examples). Yet this is a decidedly Western view of emotion regulation. This project used ethnographic observations, open-ended interviews, and questionnaires within a psychiatric hospital in Merida, Yucatan, and a rural community in Yucatan, Mexico, in order to explore the apparently protective ideology of emotional regulation in their cultural context-a cultural context that places an emphasis on preserving and cultivating familial relations and maintaining emotional equilibrium. This study had two stages. In stage one, the nonclinical stage, I asked: Why was it important for women to hide certain emotional expressions around family members? After analyzing the findings, I came to believe that culturally appropriate down-regulation of emotional expressions provided people with social benefits. In turn, these social benefits contributed to the personal well-being of the women. In stage two, the clinical stage, I sought to understand whether and, if so, how depressed women's emotion-regulation practices differed from those of nondepressed women. In addition, I attempted to ascertain whether the clinical participants' emotion-display rules had created barriers for their psychiatric treatment. In fact, I discovered that through their psychiatric treatment they were encouraged to emote in new ways. In treatment, they were exposed to a new set of emotion-display rules. The seemingly culturally sterile psychiatric clinic had actually imparted a reasonable amount of cultural influence on these women. The findings suggest that both groups prefer to regulate or deamplify (i.e., lessen) the expression of emotions. Participants from both groups mentioned three possible motivations for regulating emotional expressions. Preliminary analysis suggests that such behavior is culturally normative and encouraged, as personal decorum is highly valued and control over one's speech and behavior is lauded as a valuable character trait. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2008): Animating affective robots for social interaction. In: Advances in consciousness research 74, S. 103-122Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz, Life Sciences
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Cañamero, Lola; Aylett, Ruth (Hg.) (2008): Animating expressive characters for social interaction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company (Advances in consciousness research; Vol 74; ISSN: 1381-589X (Print))
Keywords: emotion & robotics, Social robotic -
(2008): Social control behavior: The effects of social situations and personal implication on informal social sanctions. In: Social and Personality Psychology Compass 2 (6), S. 2141-2158. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00141.x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00141.x Abstract: Social control is the generic term used to refer to reactions to counter-normative behaviors and to informal social sanctions that can be attributed to deviant individuals. This review of theories and experimental findings addresses the determinants of social control reactions. First, we examine researches in experimental social psychology that show how people's reactions can be inhibited by the presence of others; a phenomenon known as the Bystander effect. Next, we examine the extent to which group membership factors affect social control. According to the Black Sheep effect, people are more severe with a deviant when they share their social identity than when he is a member of an out-group. Even though these processes appear as good predictors for social control reactions, other findings highlight that social control and the previous processes could be associated to self-related motivations that are encouraging people to defend themselves through the protection of their group's norms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2008): A Path Toward Fairness. In: Rationality and Society 20 (2), S. 173-201. DOI: 10.1177/1043463108089544
Abstract: Recent experimental findings on behavioral games show that subjects do not behave in a self-interest-maximizing manner as would be predicted by game theory. An evolutionary approach attempts to explain why 'irrational' strategies can be dominant in the long run. The article presents an evolutionary model of the Ultimatum game by considering the impact of interaction structure. The question of interest is: will the dominant strategy in evolution be different from the Nash-equilibrium strategy if players are allowed to choose partners they prefer based on the reinforcements (payoffs) from past interactions? Numerical simulation shows that the strategies of fairness could evolve to be dominant. Conditions of the emergence and its properties are discussed. The model offers a supplementary theoretical account for recent field work that indicates a positive association between market integration and the likelihood of making fair offers in the Ultimatum game (Henrich et al. 2004).
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(2008): Cultural Neuroscience of Consciousness. In: Journal of Consciousness Studies 15 (10-11), S. 58-69
Abstract: Philosophical inquiries into the nature of consciousness have long been intrinsically tied to questions regarding the nature of the self. Although philosophers of mind seldom make reference to the role of cultural context in shaping consciousness, since antiquity culture has played a notable role in philosophical conceptions of the self. Western philosophers, from Plato to Locke, have emphasized an individualistic view of the self that is autonomous and consistent across situations, while Eastern philosophers, such as Lao Tzu and Confucius, have argued for a collectivistic view of the self, one that is interconnected to others and embedded within specific social contexts and situations. Here we argue that a comprehensive theory of consciousness needs to account for the role of cultural context and its bidirectional interaction with neural and genetic mechanisms in shaping a variety of conscious phenomena, from visual perception to self-awareness. We review recent evidence of cultural variation in neurobiological mechanisms underlying these phenomena and discuss the implications of these cultural neuroscience findings for the study of consciousness.
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(2008): Celebrity diplomacy. Boulder: Paradigm (International studies intensives)
Abstract: Celebrity diplomacy : who does it, how, and why? -- Star power and the United Nations : from Audrey Hepburn to Angelina Jolie -- The Bonoization of diplomacy? -- Bob Geldof : the antidiplomat -- Davos : mixing glamorous buzz with material bite -- (Uneasily) moving celebrity diplomacy beyond the Anglo-sphere -- Conclusion : the contentious future of celebrity diplomacy The first book to examine celebrity diplomacy as a serious global project with important implications, both positive and negative.
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Crowley, J. L.; Barraquand, R. (Hg.) (2008): Learning polite behavior with situation models. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IEEE
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(2008) : Warmth and Competence as Universal Dimensions of Social Perception: The Stereotype Content Model and the BIAS Map In: Zanna, Mark P.: Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 40: 1. Aufl.: s.l.: Elsevier textbooks (Advances in Experimental Social Psychology), S. 61-149
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(07)00002-0 Abstract: The stereotype content model (SCM) defines two fundamental dimensions of social perception, warmth and competence, predicted respectively by perceived competition and status. Combinations of warmth and competence generate distinct emotions of admiration, contempt, envy, and pity. From these intergroup emotions and stereotypes, the behavior from intergroup affect and stereotypes (BIAS) map predicts distinct behaviors: active and passive, facilitative and harmful. After defining warmth/communion and competence/agency, the chapter integrates converging work documenting the centrality of these dimensions in interpersonal as well as intergroup perception. Structural origins of warmth and competence perceptions result from competitors judged as not warm, and allies judged as warm; high status confers competence and low status incompetence. Warmth and competence judgments support systematic patterns of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral reactions, including ambivalent prejudices. Past views of prejudice as a univalent antipathy have obscured the unique responses toward groups stereotyped as competent but not warm or warm but not competent. Finally, the chapter addresses unresolved issues and future research directions.
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(2008) : Reflections on impoliteness, relational work and power In: Bousfield, Derek; Locher, Miriam A. (Hg.): Impoliteness in language: Studies on its interplay with power in theory and practice: Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter (Language, power and social process), S. 17-44
Abstract: Conclusion: This paper had the minimal aim of raising pertinent issues for future research. I shall briefly conclude this chapter with a list of those issues: One's understanding of the role of the speaker and hearer in communication is crucial. I would argue against privileging either of them. Metalinguistic labels such as "over-politeness" need full investigation, deploying, for example, the corpus linguistic techniques that characterise modern lexicography. Intentionality is a site of controversy in (im)politeness studies, as elsewhere in linguistics, though it is often poorly understood. My view is that it is an important part of communication, and a crucial part of impoliteness. An understanding of norms, in all their complexity, is a key to understanding much of (im)politeness. I think the distinction between experiential norms and social norms is particularly useful. Power connects with impoliteness in a number of different ways, including both the performance/perception of impoliteness in language and the broader context within which it is performed/perception. Researching impoliteness constitutes a considerable methodological challenge. This paper gives a glimpse of one corpus-related methodology.
Keywords: Disziplin, Favoriten, Frame, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Höflichkeitsforschung der zweiten Welle, (Im)Politeness Research, Intentionalität, Linguistik, Macht, Modelle/Theorien, Politeness Theory and Relational Work, Rolle von Sprecher und Hörer, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Normen, Sprachgebrauch, Zweite Welle -
(2008): On the interplay between familiarity and emotional expression in face perception. In: Psychological research 72 (5), S. 580-586. DOI: 10.1007/s00426-007-0132-4
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18066587 Abstract: Traditional models of face perception (e.g. Bruce and Young 1986) stress independent routes for processing identity and emotional expression. We investigated the interplay between familiarity and emotional expression by systematically varying both factors. In contrast to earlier studies which used binary forced-choice decisions, participants had to judge the familiarity of the presented face and the emotional hedonic valence and emotional arousal of its expressed emotion (angry, happy or neutral), using rating scales. The results demonstrated symmetric, strong interactions between familiarity and expressed emotion. Thus, this study supports more recent models of face perception (Haxby et al. 2000) that were mostly based on brain imaging data. These data together with our behavioural results emphasize the interaction of emotional expression and personal identity and support approaches that propose a relative segregation of these processes, rather than completely independent coding (Calder and Young 2005). zitiert von 28
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Donsbach, Wolfgang (2008): The international encyclopedia of communication. Vol. X: Rhetoric in Western Europe: France - Structuration Theory. Oxford u.a.: Blackwell
Keywords: Kommunikation, Wörterbuch