Alle Publikationen
2014
-
Fairclough, Stephen H.; Gilleade, Kiel (Hg.) (2014): Advances in physiological computing. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag Publishing (Human-computer interaction series; ISSN: 1571-5035 (Print))
Keywords: Bedienung & Handhabung -
(2014): Changing the game. Exploring infants' participation in early play routines. In: Frontiers in psychology 5. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00522
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24936192 Abstract: Play has proved to have a central role in children's development, most notably in rule learning (Piaget, 1965; Sutton-Smith, 1979) and negotiation of roles and goals (Garvey, 1974; Bruner et al., 1976). Yet very little research has been done on early play. The present study focuses on early social games, i.e., vocal-kinetic play routines that mothers use to interact with infants from very early on. We explored 3-month-old infants and their mothers performing a routine game first in the usual way, then in two violated conditions: without gestures and without sound. The aim of the study is to investigate infants' participation and expectations in the game and whether this participation is affected by changes in the multimodal format of the game. Infants' facial expressions, gaze, and body movements were coded to measure levels of engagement and affective state across the three conditions. Results showed a significant decrease in Limbs Movements and expressions of Positive Affect, an increase in Gaze Away and in Stunned Expression when the game structure was violated. These results indicate that the violated game conditions were experienced as less engaging, either because of an unexpected break in the established joint routine, or simply because they were weaker versions of the same game. Overall, our results suggest that structured, multimodal play routines may constitute interactional contexts that only work as integrated units of auditory and motor resources, representing early communicative contexts which prepare the ground for later, more complex multimodal interactions, such as verbal exchanges. zitiert von 19
-
(2014): Social behaviours in dog-owner interactions can serve as a model for designing social robots. In: Interaction Studies 15 (2), S. 143-172. DOI: 10.1075/is.15.2.01far
Abstract: It is essential for social robots to fit in the human society. In order to facilitate this process we propose to use the family dog's social behaviour shown towards humans as an inspiration. In this study we explored dogs' low level social monitoring in dog-human interactions and extracted individually consistent and context dependent behaviours in simple everyday social scenarios. We found that proximity seeking and tail wagging were most individually distinctive in dogs, while activity, orientation towards the owner, and exploration were dependent on the context and/or the activity of the owner. The functional analogues of these dog behaviours can be implemented in social robots of different embodiments in order to make them acceptable and more believable for humans. The paper presents an ethological perspective on designing robot behaviors for successful social interactions with humans. In particular, the types of behaviors that occur in interactions between dogs and their owners are analyzed to provide insights into how robot behaviors should be created. It is essential for social robots to fit in the human society. In order to facilitate this process we propose to use the family dog's social behaviour shown towards humans as an inspiration. In this study we explored dogs' low level social monitoring in dog-human interactions and extracted individually consistent and context dependent behaviours in simple everyday social scenarios. We found that proximity seeking and tail wagging were most individually distinctive in dogs, while activity, orientation towards the owner, and exploration were dependent on the context and/or the activity of the owner. The functional analogues of these dog behaviours can be implemented in social robots of different embodiments in order to make them acceptable and more believable for humans.
-
Felfe, J. (2014): Trends der psychologischen Führungsforschung. Neue Konzepte, Methoden und Erkenntnisse. Göttingen: Hogrefe
-
(2014) : Easy Authoring of Variable Gestural Expressions for a Humanoid Robot In: Sagerer, Gerhard; Imai, Michita; Belpaeme, Tony; Thomaz, Andrea (Hg.): HRI'14: Proceedings of the 2014 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction : March 3-6, 2014, Bielefeld, Germany. Unter Mitarbeit von Gerhard Sagerer und Michita Imai: the 2014 ACM/IEEE international conference: Bielefeld, Germany: 3/3/2014 - 3/6/2014. Hri; Association for Computing Machinery; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE Robotics and Automation Society; ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE
Abstract: This demonstration on the Nao robot uses the selection of behavior based on a feedback type and an expressivity value to generate and execute appropriate feedback. It aims to ease the authoring process by using variable gestures.
-
(2014): Texting everywhere for everything. Gender and age differences in cell phone etiquette and use. In: Computers in Human Behavior 31, S. 314-321. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.053
Abstract: The majority of research on cell phone use has focused on adolescent and young adult users with less attention on cell phone use by those older than 25 years of age. In this study, adult participants from 18 to 68 years completed a survey about their own use of cell phones and the contexts in which they considered cell phone use appropriate. There were age and gender differences in beliefs about the etiquette as to when cell phone use was appropriate. Older participants and women advocated for more restricted cell phone use in most social situations. Men differed from women in that they viewed cell phone calls as more appropriate in virtually all environments including intimate settings. Across all age groups in all communication settings, cell phones were used to text. The only exception was that romantic partners were more likely to receive a call than a text. In the younger age groups, texting communication is so normative that over 25% had dumped or were dumped by a romantic partner. The preponderance of gender similarities point to cell phone usage as a stable communication vehicle for maintaining social contact. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Alter, Angemessenheit, doppelter Treffer, Etikette, Etiquette, Favoriten, Gender, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Mensch-Technische Systeme, Mobiltelefon, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Quantitativ, Realtechnik, Soziale Angemessenheit, Technik, Techniknutzung, Telefonieren, Umfrage -
(2014): Putting a Realistic Theory of Mind into Agency Theory. Implications for Reward Design and Management in Principal-Agent Relations. In: European Management Review 11 (1), S. 101-116. DOI: 10.1111/emre.12026
Abstract: Agency theory is one of the most important foundational theories in management research, but it rests on contestable cognitive assumptions. Specifically, the principal is assumed to hold a perfect (correct) theory regarding some of the content of the agent's mind, while he is entirely ignorant concerning other such content. More realistically, individuals have some limited access to the minds of others. We explore the implications for classical agency theory of realistic assumptions regarding the human potential for interpersonal sensemaking. We discuss implications for the design and management of rewards, and trace implications for value creation in principal-agent relations.
Keywords: theory of mind -
(2014) : Towards Action Selection Under Uncertainty for a Socially Aware Robot Bartender: 2014 9th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): 2014 9th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Bielefeld, Germany: Association for Computing Machinery, S. 158-159
Abstract: We describe how the state representation of a socially aware robot is being extended to handle uncertainty. It incorporates the full range of information provided by the input sensors, including the confidence of all hypotheses. We also show how the Interaction Manager is being updated to make use of the extended representation.
-
(2014): Aging and social perception. So far, more similarities than differences. In: Psychology and Aging 29 (3), S. 451-453. DOI: 10.1037/a0037555
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25244466 Abstract: Despite the pervasiveness of social perception in everyday life, relatively little is known about how the way we see ourselves and other people changes with age. The central questions to consider are if and how the perceiver's age and the perceived person's age affect fundamental processes of social perception. The current collection of 9 articles addresses both questions. Taking Brunswik's lens model of social perception as an overarching theoretical framework, this introduction concludes on the basis of these 9 articles that age as a characteristic of the perceiver does not appear to have a strong effect on social judgments. In contrast, the age of the perceived person or group seems to affect the perceiver's social inferences, interpretation of facial stimuli, or expectations of gains and losses in various domains of functioning. Thus, the articles presented here suggest that, although age is an important social category when perceiving another person, processes of social perception demonstrate more similarities than differences between age groups.
Keywords: Aging, Alter, Gerontologie, Humans, Judgment, MODELS, Psychological, PSYCHOLOGY, Social Perception, Sozialpsychologie -
(2014): Die Analyse sozialer Kontexte. In: KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 66 (S1), S. 1-16. DOI: 10.1007/s11577-014-0260-y
Abstract: In einer Diskussion grundlegender Probleme der Kontextanalyse wird davon ausgegangen, dass individuelles Verhalten immer in soziale Zusammenhänge eingebettet ist und solche Kontexte eine zentrale Bedingung sind, um individuelles Verhalten zu erklären. aufgeführt. Es wird aufgezeigt, was sich unter einem Kontext verstehen lässt, und Beispiele für Kontexte und ihre Wirkungen werden gegeben. Die sozialen Mechanismen, durch die Kontexte wirken, werden skizziert. Anhand eines Mehrebenen-Modells werden die Probleme der theoretischen Beziehungen zwischen den Ebenen und die dabei auftretenden Schwierigkeiten angemessener statistischer Modellierung untersucht. So ist weitgehend unklar, wie die Mechanismen lauten, die einen Effekt von der Aggregatebene "Land" auf die Ebene "Individuum" unterstellen. Des Weiteren wird unter Verweis auf ähnliche Überlegungen von Simmel und Lazarsfeld auf "cross pressures" zwischen Kontexten eingegangen. Weiterhin werden nicht-lineare Effekte und Selektionseffekte (unobserved variables) als zwei weitere Probleme von Kontextanalysen behandelt. Die Überlegungen werden in einer Skizze einer Theorie der Kontexte zusammengefasst und Vorschläge, wie künftige Studien angelegt werden sollten, um Forschungslücken zu schließen, werden formuliert. (Autorenreferat) zitiert von 31
-
(2014): Sprachen der Emotion. Kultur, Kunst, Gesellschaft. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag
Abstract: Was und wie Menschen fühlen, wird zu einem großen Teil durch kulturelle Codes reguliert. Die Entstehung solcher Codes, ihre Wirkung auf die Emotionen und die Wirkung der Emotionen auf die Sprache werden untersucht und mit dem kooperativen Verhalten nichtmenschlicher Primaten verglichen. Im Zentrum steht dabei die enge Verbindung von Emotionen und Sprache. Neben der Sprache werden auch die Musik, der Film, die Gestik, religiöse Praktiken und Rituale sowie der Ausdruck von sozialen Gefühlen in die Betrachtung einbezogen. Bei den Beiträgen handelt es sich um ausgewählte Forschungsarbeiten des Exzellenzclusters "Languages of Emotion" der Freien Universität Berlin. - Inhalt: (1) Gunter Gebauer und Markus Edler: Einleitung. (2) Dominik Perler: Wozu philosophiehistorische Emotionsforschung? Methodologische Überlegungen. (3) Hilge Landweer: "Vor der Kreuzspinne braucht man sich nicht zu fürchten." - Emotionen, Situationen und Angemessenheit. (4) Michael Tomasello: Kooperation und Kommunikation im zweiten Lebensjahr. (5) Katja Liebal: Emotionale Kommunikation nichtmenschlicher Primaten: Eine artvergleichende Perspektive. (6) Julian Hanich und Winfried Menninghaus: Im Wechselbad der Gefühle: Zur Emotionsvielfalt im filmischen Melodram - Eine Mikroanalyse. (7) Arthur M. Jacobs: Affektive und ästhetische Prozesse beim Lesen: Anfänge einer neurokognitiven Poetik. (8) Stefan Koelsch: Musik, Emotion und Gehirn. (9) Clemens Risi: Das "Kraftwerk der Gefühle": Oper und Emotion vom 17. Jahrhundert bis Verdi und Wagner. (10) Regine Herbrik und Hubert Knoblauch: Die Emotionalisierung der Religion. (11) Ulla Haselstein: Coolness. (12) Gunter Gebauer: Kollektive Emotionen und Glaube: Das erhöhte Ich im Fußball. (13) Hermann Kappelhoff: Affektmobilisierung und mediale Kriegsinszenierung. (14) Christian von Scheve: Gefühlte Ungleichheit: Einige Zusammenhänge zwischen Sozialstruktur und Emotionen. (15) Sina Emde: Emotion, Erinnerung und Gewalt in Kambodscha: Zwischen staatlicher Politik und lokaler Aufarbeitung.
Keywords: Culture, Emotions, Emotionsforschung, Film, Gefühl, Gestik, Language and emotions, Musik, Religion, Sprache, Sprachwissenschaften -
(2014): Social influence and perceptual decision making. A diffusion model analysis. In: Personality & social psychology bulletin 40 (2), S. 217-231. DOI: 10.1177/0146167213508985
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24154917 Abstract: Classic studies on social influence used simple perceptual decision-making tasks to examine how the opinions of others change individuals' judgments. Since then, one of the most fundamental questions in social psychology has been whether social influence can alter basic perceptual processes. To address this issue, we used a diffusion model analysis. Diffusion models provide a stochastic approach for separating the cognitive processes underlying speeded binary decisions. Following this approach, our study is the first to disentangle whether social influence on decision making is due to altering the uptake of available sensory information or due to shifting the decision criteria. In two experiments, we found consistent evidence for the idea that social influence alters the uptake of available sensory evidence. By contrast, participants did not adjust their decision criteria. zitiert von 26
-
(2014): Psychologie. 20., aktualisierte Auflage. München: Pearson Studium
Abstract: "Psychologie" von Philip G. Zimbardo (zuletzt BA 12/08) war lange Jahre die bekannteste und am häufigsten gelesene Gesamtdarstellung der wissenschaftlichen Psychologie. Durch David G. Myers' Lehrbuch "Psychologie" (ID-A 48/14) hat es in den letzten Jahren allerdings starke Konkurrenz bekommen. In seiner 20. Auflage erscheint der Langzeit-Lehrbuchklassiker nun ohne seinen Urvater Philip G. Zimbardo, aber selbstredend wieder durchgehend aktualisiert und auf heutigem Forschungsstand. Ein Standardwerk, das in neuester Auflage vorhanden sein sollte; in 1. Linie für Studierende, aber durchaus auch für interessierte Laien verständlich. Ergänzend zum Lehrbuch sollte "Psychologie - das Übungsbuch" von Richard J. Gerrig (ID-B 8/11, Auflage 2015 zur Annotation vorgesehen) angeboten werden. (2) (LK/DU: Heckmann) Der Lehrbuch-Klassiker bietet eine Gesamtdarstellung der wissenschaftlichen Psychologie. (LK/DU: Heckmann)
-
(2014): Psychologie ePDF. 20., aktualisierte Auflage. München: Pearson Deutschland, Pearson Studium (Pearson Studium - Psychologie)
-
(2014): “All the World Is a… Status/Power Play?. ” A Reinvigorated Theory for the Study of Social Interaction. In: Symbolic Interaction 37 (3), S. 429-431. DOI: 10.1002/symb.107
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/symb.107 Abstract: Reviews the book, Status, Power and Ritual Interaction: A Relational Reading of Durkheim, Goffman and Collins by Theodore D. Kemper (2011). The book is a remarkable thesis on the study of social interaction through the frames of status and power. Kemper’s extraordinarily ranging discussion includes some fine observations of interaction, but it quite often also feels a little forced: the description of boredom, of the silences between married couples, topic changes in conversation, or conversational repair—all of these pushed through the lens of Status/Power, and not always successfully to the reader's mind. The book should most certainly not be judged solely on that basis, however: this is an immensely knowledgeable, nuanced and expansive text, and while not always an easy read due to its density, the rewards of its analysis are well worth the effort. Any scholar with an interest in interaction issues should read this book. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights r eserved)
-
(2014) : The Theory of Affordances In: Gieseking, J. J.; Mangold, W.; Katz, C.; Low, S.; Saegert, S. (Hg.): The People, Place and Space Reader: New York: Routledge, S. 56-61
-
Gieseking, J. J.; Mangold, W.; Katz, C.; Low, S.; Saegert, S. (Hg.) (2014): The People, Place and Space Reader. New York: Routledge
-
Gilliland, Stephen W. (2014): The social dynamics of organizational justice. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Pub (Research in social issues in management)
Abstract: Research on various topics related to organizational justice has recently turned to predictors of managerial fairness. This chapter contributes to research on justice as a dependent variable by focusing on 'person' factors that may influence managerial fairness behavior. Drawing on the HEXACO model of personality structure and personality trait activation theory, I present a model of how managerial personality affects justice behaviors. It is proposed that procedurally, interpersonally, and informationally fair behaviors have differing personality antecedents. Utilizing a person-situation interactionist model, this chapter lays the groundwork for specifying the conditions under which particular personality traits might predict managerial fairness. More specifically, it is proposed that the traits of conscientiousness, openness to experience, agreeableness, honesty-humility, and neuroticism will influence the engagement in procedurally, interpersonally, and informationally fair be haviors. These personality traits are expressed as responses to trait-relevant situational cues from three sources in work settings: task, social, and organizational levels. This chapter concludes with suggestions for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Arbeits - und Organisationspsychologie, Fairness, justice, managerial personality, trait activation, procedural fairness, interpersonal fairness, informational fairness, organizational justice, fairness, personality structure, personality trait activation theory, personality traits, conscientiousness, op -
Ginsburgh, Victor; Throsby, Charles d. (Hg.) (2014): Handbook of the economics of art and culture. Amsterdam: Elsevier (Handbooks in economics)
Abstract: This volume emphasizes the economic aspects of art and culture, a relatively new field that poses inherent problems for economics, with its quantitative concepts and tools. Building bridges across disciplines such as management, art history, art philosophy, sociology, and law, editors Victor Ginsburgh and David Throsby assemble chapters that yield new perspectives on the supply and demand for artistic services, the contribution of the arts sector to the economy, and the roles that public policies play. With its focus on culture rather than the arts, Ginsburgh and Throsby bring new clarity and definition to this rapidly growing area.se who are engaged in cultural policy issues and the role of culture in the development of our societies.
-
(2014): Young children's creation and transmission of social norms. In: Cognitive Development 30, S. 81-95. DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2014.01.003
-
(2014): Reziproke Wertschätzung im Dienstleistungshandeln - eine begriffliche Erweiterung zur Anerkennungstheorie. In: Arbeit 23 (1)
Abstract: Wertschätzung in Dienstleistungsinteraktionen wird in arbeitssoziologischen Diskussionen vor allem als einseitig gerichteter Prozess verstanden, in welchem dem Dienstleister aufgrund seiner Arbeitsleistung Anerkennung zuteil wird. Analysen von Interviews mit Beschäftigten aus den Branchen Pflege, Einzelhandel und Friseurhandwerk legen jedoch eine reziproke Wertschätzungsstruktur offen. Anhand von Fallbeispielen wird verdeutlicht, welche Bedeutung die Professionalität der Beschäftigten für die Etablierung einer wertschätzungsbasierten Dienstleistungsbeziehung hat. Zudem wird gezeigt, dass die dienstleisterseitige Wertschätzung für den Kunden einen nicht zu unterschätzenden Einfluss auf das Gelingen der Interaktion und die Qualität der Dienstleistung nimmt.
-
(2014): Collective Actors without Collective Minds. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 45 (1), S. 3-25. DOI: 10.1177/0048393113520397
-
(2014): Generative Adversarial Nets. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27, S. 2671-2680. Online verfügbar unter https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/54e325aee6b2d476bbbb88615ac15e251c6e8214Keywords: GAN
-
(2014): Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examples. In: ICLR 2015. Online verfügbar unter https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.6572
Abstract: Several machine learning models, including neural networks, consistently misclassify adversarial examples---inputs formed by applying small but intentionally worst-case perturbations to examples from the dataset, such that the perturbed input results in the model outputting an incorrect answer with high confidence. Early attempts at explaining this phenomenon focused on nonlinearity and overfitting. We argue instead that the primary cause of neural networks' vulnerability to adversarial perturbation is their linear nature. This explanation is supported by new quantitative results while giving the first explanation of the most intriguing fact about them: their generalization across architectures and training sets. Moreover, this view yields a simple and fast method of generating adversarial examples. Using this approach to provide examples for adversarial training, we reduce the test set error of a maxout network on the MNIST dataset.
-
Güntürkün, Onur; Hacker, Jörg (Hg.) (2014): Geist - Gehirn - Genom - Gesellschaft. Wie wurde ich zu der Person, die ich bin?. Vorträge anlässlich der Jahresversammlung vom 20. bis 22. September 2013 in Halle (Saale). Stuttgart: wvg Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft (Nova Acta Leopoldina, Neue Folge 120, Nr. 405)